Absorption

The absorption of SO3 from the gas relies on equilibrium factors as

described in the section Absorption and Stripping. There are many physical
factors that affect the degree of absorption that will occur in a tower. One of
the primary factors is the vapour pressure of sulphur trioxide/sulphuric acid
above the acid.
Absorber towers operate in a relatively narrow range of concentration and
temperature for effective absorption of SO3. This is apparent when you look
at a plot of the total vapour pressure versus acid concentration curve. In a
concentration range of 97.5% to 98.5% the equilibrium vapour pressure
above sulphuric acid reaches a minimum. Operation in this acid
concentration range will result in the maximum absorption of SO3.
The vapour pressure curves (better curve to follow) indicate that the lower the
acid temperature, the lower the vapour pressure above the acid. This would
imply that operating the absorber system at lower temperatures would result
in better absorption, however, this is not the case. At lower temperatures
other physical properties such as density and viscosity begin to affect the
absorption process in a negative manner.
Industry practice is to operate the absorber system with acid inlet
temperatures in the range of 65 to 85C. In North America, plants operate at
the higher end of the temperature range, nominally 80C. In Europe,
operation at the lower end of the temperature range is more typical.
The specific operating conditions of a plants absorber system will depend
on the design of the tower, packing characteristics, distributor design, acid
flow, mist eliminator efficiency, etc. in addition to the acid concentration and
temperature. The optimum operating conditions can be determined by
measuring the amount of SO3/H2SO4 leaving the tower or in the case of a
final absorber, observing the opacity of the stack. The quality of the stack
emissions are observed as the operating conditions are varied. Operating
conditions must reach steady state and be held for a period of time before
the affects of the new operating conditions are recorded. A systematic
program of varying operating conditions and observation will allow the
optimum operating conditions to be determined.
http://www.sulphuric-acid.com/techmanual/strong%20acid/sa_abs.htm

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