Why o-nitrophenol has a higher

Rf value compared to other

phenols?
posisi orto adalah kunci jawaban dari pertanyaan ini. dalam hal ini NO2 dan
kelompok OH adalah tetangga dan dengan demikian dapat berinteraksi melalui
ikatan intramolekul ini di sisi lain mengurangi polaritas keseluruhan molekul.
ketika molekul kurang polar ia bergerak lebih cepat melalui adsorben polar dari
molekul yang sangat polar.

O-nitrophenol is steam volatile but p-nitrophenol is not.

Why?
o-nitrophenol forms intramolecular H bond and no association occurs whereas
molecules of p-nitrophenol get associated through intermolecular H bonding and
boils relatively at higher tem. (above the B.P.of water). Hence,only
ortho-nitrophenol is steam volatile.

Which one is more polar and WHY please?

para-nitro-benzoic acid is more polar than the respective ortho compound. This is because there is
steric hinderance in the case of the ortho- which lowers resonance and thus decreases polarity.
Furthermore, the extensive resonance in the para results in two charges that are very far away from
each other, increasing the dipole moment to values much higher than you would expect by simply
adding the dipole moments of the individual bonds.
Have a look at http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi...
bellerophon 8 years ago