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Propagation dune onde lumineux


 "!$ *) "(
&+&, "& ./ I
.&,2 1
:  
    
. "! 
   $ % &' ()*( +,'( -
@A 91 CD (3D '& D=1,77m (8' 91 a 0 1 23 %4 (-56 ,
. GHD JK

GHD 91 GN- a/2 0 1 %!3 JM4 (-5N *


S! . a ( * 5U' %V!3 W+56 G*8 D=1,77m (8 S54 T5-
. (3D 91 CD !   ( L ( * -56 GH (84
:
 C  91 GN- . L a &' G YV C
 C
a(m)
380
250
110
90
50
L(mm)
5,5
8,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
)
Wd 91   ' g
 1 N- Y" ' ' &N-& HD V 1

 V %0 1 (- 4    JK@ A N" 'C1 C-" (HH    g
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, D
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C16 ,  9  -  n (-5" @ D@ q


4 'C D ,
s . 2!- r @A (*3K %H (+, " GN 9'& " C ! .  -
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C C1 @At C1 91 GN- !4 0 NV J '4' GHD4 (t
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Young
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'  5  &4 !*(   ( -4 (t' (*!4 .
4 5 (84 1 &H n6 (4* 4 &1 *  tan= (V$  .
L
=
sw*: (V$
2D
* &1 5  4  &4 A%
  A 'Yt
'& $J :  C GHD

sin
L
=
cos 2D

= tan

14 n6 C q

L
2D

= tan

1
4 G)' 2 9-) n G (rC4
a
110
90
50
-2
-2
2,0.10
2,5.10
3,0.10-2
3
4
9,1.10
1,1.10
2,0.104
0,56.10-2
0,71.10-2
0,85.10-2
) G
J4  Y8
:
(84 U 1/a 1cm 0,5.104 m 1 :

250
8,5.10-3
4,0.103
2,40.10-3

380
5,5.10-3
2,6.103
1,55.10-3

)a(m
)L(m
)1/a(m-1
)(rad

  1cm 1.10 3 rad :

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4 3 * (V$  &4 (0 ) ' . (1/a


C  G'*
+ 5   9-GN-
1
1
= k . '& $J  G-*C  @A%*& (V$
a
)k G)" k (4  ( K 
 %"C*(

 . &4 (V$*


4 ) (1/a
:

5 ' " 1 wM  91 a 2D* (*! L


  (

II "
8 "!
1
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8 "!
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8 "! )7"&Z .

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8
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Q
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8 "! j
a <8@2 j
a
_O/ .
2 "_a T. j4 " 8"! " &

1
" ' ( (+0 (  4 (Hz) " %4 1 * C4

= %1 * T

. s ()4
" ' ( (+0
 
 %85K . (5D
k  (
  5 ) GC (  (H &1 *" TC ( '( .A
!C ' "d (V$*4( :

= c.T

* (m) 4 &1 c &1 ) (m/s )( ). (s


&  C 
'   k  (   
 (+, 5 :

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La dispersion de la lumire "!b*2 III


n @
A x u
_
x ;&> 1 3
5 
, c Dr( 1  &4 (8  53  8H G'*' :  *"
. 5D  A 
V @D( 1 

n=

c
V

. C  s8 8Hr G'*'


: 1  !% 8H G'*
4 c "!V (1 84 D" 1*3v G %

. nair = 1,00
8
:   8Hr G'*' 2,3.10 m/s  !" ,( 1  8" 


neau = 1,3
8" a@
A x u
_ 2 3

vide = c.T =
*3v n =

c
:  * " 3v (  k

c
@8H G'*' C' 53 

V

: (( V$*4 %1 *  ' k 

c
n.V

= vide n = vide
n

(!48( V$* 8 = V.T =

O :;. "!b*2 3 3


: 34  *"
Y!8' 8 *k! &  &  '8' &% 4 C-' 53  3
3  98
8  
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http://www.up.univmrs.fr/~laugierj/CabriJava/0pjava60.html
2V 23 4 4  (S)
+0 ' ',
(* ' (!V( C1 (d4 2!- C
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. 53  '& 3' (3D( C*& 4 , Yw 2D 6 E (33 91


: t$'
: &" ' 8Hr t %0 *" (  3  84 (+,'( - -
. ' % J C1 () 3 %J C1 9K
V V K (%4D' K@ A( '( +0 (*!4 E (3D 91 T$
y.z{ "! a( ( +,@ !*( A 98"
Y,
+0 k (3D 91 $ ( K   ) 0 *C1
C
8'
+0 k 4K ,
d*
(+, 1*3r 4 2* 8Hr G'*'  , C'   
G-
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9
  
+0 *3
. 3  91
  d!
J C1 C-"
 t '
1
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A x |
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SI &4 D -r ( GHD 91 C 2
** D 3 91 * D

D = (SI,I 'R) : ' IR J C1

,2& p bj O8" TG7 )"


"
.
,2x Z
8]" " IR SI " _
>

. O :;. & "!B "(


& X< 8@2 /
"=$z"!

,2 Y SI
" _
",2 ]
A+ ) " + ) "D &B x + : {+&_2

uur uuur
D = (SI,I 'R) IR _*C8"" _

. 3 6 8H$ H & V 2d4 C C 3


:
C+b" @
A "
A+ T j P@$

sini = n sinr
n sinr ' = sin i'

AII   :   

A + ( r) + ( r ') = A = r + r '
2
2

IJE AJI =V8"


+ X5E

A + ( i') + ( i + D) = A i' i + D = 0
2
2
D = i + i' A

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:
 s K4 4  t
http://perso.orange.fr/guy.chaumeton/animations/2dprisme1.htm
, C"  g 4 3
3' 91 4K ,!( '& V '( G 
: (V$* * GHD 
G)' 

D = i + i' A

: T$
$ 4K , H"
 1*3 (84
V 4 (! S5 % A i & '& 
n 8Hr G'*' (!4 d" ' D i & 
. JK A*  3r ' ( k

sini = n sinr
n sinr ' = sin i'

C
 4( +,   4 2* 3  8H G'*' ' &
V
C' 3 &  A   4 A 2*"   D( 1  q
,
,
85  9 K '&  H q D -r 9- (84
D v > D j > DR .  -
) 85 , 4  - GV K
n=

: (6$J
, C"  g 8 ' A (+, 1*3 4 53  8H G'*' 2*
: (g-'
J 9 '&  G!" 'C1 n (  k  H % ' d4 (+,"  (
A . 85  9!  4 ( 8Hr G'*4 2* (+,  ( k ) n =

, D( 1   J 9 '&  n


sin i1 n2 V1 1
= = =
8H$ H  V 8
sin i2 n1 V2 2

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