ADS-B

Introduction on ADS-B

Automatic dependent surveillance broadcast(ADSB)isacooperative

surveillancetechnologyinwhichanaircraftdeterminesitspositionviasatellite
navigationandperiodicallybroadcastsit,enablingittobetracked.
Theinformationcanbereceivedbyairtrafficcontrolgroundstationsasa
replacementforsecondaryradar.
Itcanalsobereceivedbyotheraircrafttoprovidesituationalawarenessandallow
selfseparation.
ADSBis"automatic"inthatitrequiresnopilotorexternalinput.Itis
"dependent"inthatitdependsondatafromtheaircraft'snavigationsystem.
ADSBisanelementoftheUSNextGenerationAirTransportation
System(NextGen)andtheSingleEuropeanSkyATMResearch(SESAR).
ADSBequipmentiscurrentlymandatoryinportionsofAustralianairspace,the
UnitedStatesrequiressomeaircrafttobeequippedby2020andtheequipmentwill
bemandatoryforsomeaircraftinEuropefrom2017.

Data Packet
8D75804B580FF2CF7E9BA6F701D0
8D75804B580FF6B283EB7A157117

The first frame:

580FF2CF7E9BA6
[TC-]
[-Altitude-] T F
[----Latitude---] [---Longitutde--]
01011 000 000011111111 0 0 10110011110111111
01001101110100110

The second frame:

580FF6B283EB7A
[TC-]
[-Altitude-] T F
[----Latitude---] [---Longitutde--]
01011 000 000011111111 0 1 10101100101000001
11110101101111010

Types of data format

Airborne Position format:Contains the
latitude, longitude and altitude.
Surface Position format:Contains the
latitude, longitude and altitude of grounded
planes.
Airborne Velocity format:Contains
velocity and heading.
Aircraft ID and Category
format:Contains flight number and aircraft
type.

Bytes 2 to 4 give ICAO address 75804B

which is
CEB [5J] Cebu Pacific Air
Registration RP-C3191
Airbus A319

The first 5 bits contain the Downlink Format

(DF).
First byte 8D is 10001-101 so DF=17 and
CA=5
DF 17 means we have an extended 112 bit
squitter.
Not all extended squitters have the position.
We need to check the Type Code (TC).

*8d4ca700607396b1e643346c3e37;
CRC: 000000 (ok)
DF 17: ADS-B message.
Capability : 5 (Level 2+3+4 (DF0,4,5,11,20,21,24,code7 is on airborne))
ICAO Address : 4ca700
Extended Squitter Type: 12
Extended Squitter Sub : 0
Extended Squitter Name: Airborne Position (Baro Altitude)
F flag : odd
T flag : non-UTC
Altitude : 22025 feet
Latitude : 88307 (not decoded)
Longitude: 17204 (not decoded)

Antenna Calculations.
Lambda=C/F
C=3*10^5 Mil. Metres/sec.
F=1090 MHz
Lambda~275 mm
Now,the length of the antenna is half times
the wavelength and a product of velocity
factor(0.85 for coaxial)
So,
L=275*0.5*0.85=116 mm

Antenna Construction.

The antenna is an arrangement of small

elements , each connected with the other.
The antenna has F/SMA type connector in
the end.
The antenna is housed in a PVC pipe.