[Normal Stresses |\
\ Rp geedl Slolae tN
* Normal Stresses ————————-——-—— Page
* Case of normal force only —————————— Page
* Case of (Mx) only ———————————— Page
* Case of (My) only ——-——————-——-—— Page
* Case of (Mx,My) = ————————-—-—-—— Page
* Case of (N,Mx) ————————————— Page
* Case of (N,My) ————————-—-—-——— Page
%* Case of (N, Mx, My) —-—————-—-—-—— Page
* Examples —————————-—-—-—-~-~— Page
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wed for
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Se uN KR NY N
12
IS
18
20 NORMAL STRESSES
GU) g CULM gle Hyogec!] GlolarIl ys Normal stresses J)
pias 9(N,Ma,My) Ss eau gle Asya! Straining actionsJi
gee J Straining actions II oles gob valpsin!
Straining actions J) oy.
o
1 — Case of normal force only :
—Ve —»> Compression
Where : \v
N |
F —» Normal stress
N —» Normal Force SS
A —» Cross section area * | x
+Ve —» Tension |
|
normal stress
normal stress
distribution
Globes I G25.53 oss Uniform stresses Ue youd ULI ois 9
cUlel Las eee ole uslie
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For the shown frame it is required to find and draw
normal stress distribution over section (A- A).
—>10t
|
30em
° |
200m
Section A-A
N= + 10
Mx = 0
My = 0
Case of N onli
f ¥ [Y 16.66Kg/cm?
A = 20 x 30 = 600 cm’ [ i+
10
F=+ og = + 0.016 t / em? 16.66Kg/em’
= + 16.66 Kg / cm’
Neutral axis (N.A.)
(debe 5 ah) Sloles! Gaile Ga rah 9 cLLML sine G5 py Ld ye
whe polud ale Glolar®l Gs 5
Neutral axis (N.A.) 4.4, yNormal force only Ji UL. yi 5
phe guld Yy daly gy LIS Slolee 3! BY
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F —» Normal stress Kg
Mz —> Bending moment about (X-axis) X yy J5>
Iz —»> moment of inertia about (X-axis) X j5~0 Js>
Y —» The vertical distance between the point
and the C.g
+Ve —» Tension
—Ve —»> Compression
Neutral amis (N.A.) J) slo ib,b
F=0 Zero gghs Slolan Il Lad oie
AE y= 0 > Ma 40, eZ @ 2Y=0
Xogre Ge pho ygled Shlag Yl 2y5 Laie All LLG! acy
Zero coluy
Neutral axis (N.A.) Jl 5a Xyg0 o
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X jgm4 ge ULI ode Gi y Neutral asis (F=0) JI olan py -1
Neutral amis! paw) py -¥
CLIN gle gogae bs 55 5 SloleeW Datum poy ee -¥
IS of
Ayal Abe se) ye ULI ode by GlolanW ad ST Glan pe -€
Fmasx. tension glass 5 ( p93 prall Joy ) atl
(poe paul woly )dodall tok ibs sel,
Fmaxz. compression lacs y
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For the shown frame it is required to find and draw
normal stress distribution over section (A- A).
A {*
‘200em+
Section A-A
——$4m—'
Mx = 5 x2 4 = 20 mt
My = 0 NA.
Case of Mx only
3
Ix = 202 e = 45000 ert
5
_ _ 20x10 Kg.cm
Fyax. comp. ~ Fa = - 45000 x15
= — 666.66 Kg / cm’
6
_ _ 20x10 Kg.cm
Fyax.tension= My = + 45000 a 15
= + 666.66 Kg / cm’
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=f
Where : t+| Ft
F —» Normal stress Fg
My — > Bending moment about (Y-axis) Y yy J5>
Iy —> moment of inertia about (Y-axis) Y j5>4 Jy>
X —» The horizontal distance between the point
and the C.g
+Ve —» Tension
—Ve —»> Compression
Neutral axis (N.A.) J) clus ii ,b
F=0 Zero pggluss Sloan Yl Lay5 orc
ql x=0 >My 40, yA aX =0
Yoyo Ge pie ygld Glolaa Yl dad Lace ill ALG acy
Zero coluy
Neutral axis (N.A.) Ji ga Yygu0 o
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For the shown frame it is required to find and draw
normal stress distribution over section (A- A).
—> 3t
|
T
*20em+
Section A-A
Mx = 0
My = 3x26 = 18 mt
Case of My only
30 x 20°
= =. 4
In = 12 =45000 em :
F Fo = 18x10 Kg.cm x 10
Max. comp. ~
a 20000
= - 900 Kg / cm’
F,
Mazx.tension
5
= = 18x10 Kg.cm
Fy + 30000 a 10
= + 900 Kg / cm’
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|
= 4Mty, My
Pet i eye eX ple
~ | | My
rn
Where : + | +
|
|
F —» Normal stress
My — > Bending moment about (Y-axis) Y yy J5>
Iy —> moment of inertia about (Y-axis) Y jx Jy>
Mz —~> Bending moment about (X-axis) X yy >
Ix —» moment of inertia about (X-axis) Xj Jy>
X —» The horizontal distance between the point
and the C.g
Y —» The vertical distance between the point
and the C.g
Neutral axis (N.A.) J\ Gluo 1&,b
F=0 Zero golds Sloan Yl Lard oaic
ql x+ HZ y= 0 If X =0 “Y=0
9 X syne gle O taglye dhe 9 C.g. Jk pedi ys Neutral axis J) 3
y iy UPN Rate ast elie oe
: oe -%4 ,**
Where : tana 7 Ty le
NAW g5)g0 poy 2 Araz.tension’ax.complasse gl Li! uot)
paste 5% Ubi! Lond Goa Guth sel ,
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Fijaz.tension Muax.comp. pate 59 glail! Land yoy Yih se! ,
Example
For the shown frame it is required to find and draw
normal stress distribution over section (A - A).
St
10t~ J
k20em-+
Section A-A
A
~ 4m: _
N=0
Mx = 5x4 -= 20 mt
My = 10 x 4 = 40 mt
Case of Mx , My
20 x 30°
- 20 x 307 _ 4
Ix = 72 45000 em
5
In =-32 2 20" _ 39900 om*
12
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_ Y _ My Ia
tand = yt ty ra
_ 40 45000. _
tana = 35000 * — 20 45
a=
_ _ _ 20x10° 40x10°
Fryox. comp. ~ Fy =- 45000.” 15 — 20000 ~ 10
= — 2666.67 Kg / cm’
5 5
_ _ , 20x10' 40210
Fyaz.tension= Fy = +—Geq99~* 1° +—Z0900~ 7 19
= + 2666.67 Kg / cm’
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Neutral axis (N.A.) Ji cise 1,6
F=0 Zero gold Slolan Yl Lad otic.
et +H y-0 get Y Vint 2 gautiy
N Ix _ oN ac le
Yen = a te = Mas A Cy
Where: . L
——— 72 _ Ix = Mx
a » Oye “N
pes Ying ler aic sey y X yg vjly ed ge Neutral axis) o
pall by taob Neutral axis) aw,
Normal force ( Compression )J\ estS 13!
pel wl deb Newtral amisll poy pb »
Normal force ( Tension ) Jj eslS 13)
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For the shown frame it is required to find and draw
normal stress distribution over section (A - A).
ot
+
k20em+
Section A-A
——_4m——'
My = 0
Case of N , Mx
;
Ix = 20 ee = 45000 cm*
A = 20 x 30 = 600 cm’
For Neutral axis
__N_. Ix _ _10t 45000 _
Yont.= 4 ts = GOO" ZOuI00 emt ~ 2875 om
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Yine__|
x
10x10°
Pyoz. comp. ~ Fa = - 600
= — 683.333 Kg / cm’
10210°
Fyaz.tension = Fy = — —Ggg—
= + 650 Kg / cm’
Mx
20210"
45000 ~
20210°
45000
x 15
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Normal Stresses
Page No. 14 6 -— Case of (N, My) :
yaz.tension
Fiyaz.comp.
Neutral axis (N.A.) J) lux ii ,b
F=0 Zero og lud SlolanYl La5 ore
N. M:
tat a X= 0 get X Xints gaudy
-N yw N,W Ww
Kenta ty = My 7A Cx
Where: . I My
yah » C= Ty
pes Xing Aloe aie ton y FY y5m0 uilyz bd ga Neutral axis IY
pel bs Ib Neutral axis! pw»
Normal force ( Compression )J\ culS 13)
peal wf, debNeutral axis I py ces
Normal force ( Tension ) J exlS 13!
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Page No. 15
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For the shown frame it is required to find and draw
normal stress distribution over section (A - A).
yr" Add
+
k20em+
Section A-A
——_4m——'
My = 5x24 = 20 mt
Case of N , My
3
ly = 30 x 20" _ 590900 emt
12
A = 20 x 30 = 600 cm’
For Neutral axis
__N ly _ wt 20000 _
Xine= —— py = GO * BOut00 emt ~ 125 om
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lax. comp. —
Fy = -—- - a * 10
= -— 1125 Kg / em’
75x10" 20x10°
Fyax.tension = Fy =~ ~—~600 + 20000 7 10
= + 875 Kg / em’
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NA
Kiraz.tension
Neutral axis (N.A.)J\ cise 1i,b
F=0 ZerQgglas Slaton Yl Lard oie
N Mi Mx
+N, My =
A * oy * * Te Y= 9
_N ly Nl _ WwW Cr = My
Xin A ty = My 7A Cx: ae Wy
N.. Ix _ Nix _ %& ce, = Mx
Yin = A te = Mae A= by y= “N
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Commercial use of these notes is not allowed. (www.yasserelleath y.com) gle Xint VL Cg JI Ge sey be y2 Neutral axis JI
po ees YY osm ule Yint, Volos y = Xa gre
Xint. + Yint. J
Normal force ( Compression ) J! col 15) paotl by deb
Xint. » Vint) poy sg
Normal force ( Tension ) Ji cotS 13) ps5eUamal yf) ob
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For the shown block it is required to find and draw
normal stress distribution over section (A - A).
For sec A-—A
1— Properties of area
A=422-= 8m? ‘
Ix = 22 4°/ 12 = 10.667 m* |X I x
Ty = 42 2°/ 12 = 2.667 m* '
ig = Ix J A = 1.333 m? [ |
ig = ly / A = 0.333 m? iY
AAm sm
"
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Wi = (42222) (2.5) = 40 t
N=(8+8+8+4+W)
= 68 t ( Comp. )
Mx = (8+4)(2) + (2)(2) — (8)(2)
= 12 mt. A
My = (8+8+8)(1)-(4)(2)-(4)(1)
= 12 mt. <<—
€, = My / N = 0.30 m
ey = Mx / N = 0.30 m
3- For N.A Mx
2
Xint. = a = 441m
My
2
te. 4.44.m
Normal Stresses
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N Mx M;
Fa = + “ 4 M2 Ay
a=t—- tty t Ty x
40 12 12
Fa =- “2 _ kK _ -- 2
* 8 ~ 70.667 © ~~ Bey % 1= -16.24 t/m
N Mx Mi;
Fy= ++ ay
6 A 7 '*y *
40 12 12
Fa = —- 40 ,_12 _ 12 = 2
° @ + 70.667 7° * + B667 * T= 41.749 tre
-16.24
Ure
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alg sass y J Normal stresses J) Slax lye gUbUl sass -1
Properties of area (A, C.g, Ix, ly, a , 4 ) cll! Jae
ques WAS 4 Straining actions JI Gus -1
€, = My / N ey = Mx / N
aww yNeutral axis J) cuss -9
Fyaz.tension? Fyaz.comp. Lasse gill Lil lS sass -£
gua! Lad gay gl LEI y NAL U gilye pry Gap ge Us,
Krax.tension’ Fyax.comp. pese bs
Normal stresses JI Usles jy az.tension? Fitacx.comp. p33 gas -0
Neutral aais IN gle giset be 49%) 9 Datum II pw 1
pes lly US y Datum JI gle wages stresses II pd pw -¥
Jjaz.tension2 Fyaz.comp. Joo 93 9 clas
NAS) are Globee gf ge aS) Gayo Ge puryll dare Go aSts -A
she ughs
pel ula stresses J! y NASI poy gosrall & vad - 1 Wh we
cha 5 3h Yuegs yg stresses I! 44 glbul phi, NASI glS lil-o
LSS oly Es 43% stresses J) 4 ¢lbil ghd ¥ NA. JI gS IIe
cia gl ad
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CASE NA COMMENT
N-only dag
Mza-only X oy
My-only Yoo
diez 9 C.gJ ya ele 8) gb amey A
Ma ,My Raly gb) SLL ols
tan Qa My , 1x Aas lin
Iy Max
Xog~ oilyz te | paw bd Leb amy ay
N Mx | Sot8 Ale ae sex, BS 13) p ype
Yint. = te N — Comp. Ji
Yy
tere Sell
Yoome wiles | pre ded Feb oan ay
N My salad Liles aie dos ColS 13) py5edl
Xint= yw N - Comp. JI
= 65
gee ySell y
Ge dow y blebs | paw os Reb ames py
N,My,Ma oUbe Cg J SUS ISI pyjel
row HL Yigg N - Comp. 4!
* gare Sell y
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Normal Stresses
Page No. 24 Example
For the shown block it is required to find and draw
normal stress distribution over section (A - A).
|? 20t+ 30t
10¢
2i {or 10¢
20t
20t
10t |
20t | T
15t 25t it
30t
3m Ad ms md 0
10t
Vac =2.5t/ne
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1— Properties of area
a
i
x—
8mm +>—am—A1my
A = (3x2) + (424 - 22 ) = 18 m?
= 322)(1.5) + (424)(5) — (2x2)(5,
y= L202 )(15) + (AeANS) ~ (202N5) _ 9 909
3 3 3
__ 3x2 404 2x2 4
Ie =—T3 7 92 12 ~ 22 me
ig = Ix (A = 1.222 m?
3 3
Ty =[ 228 + 6(2.33)° J + [ a4 +16(1.167) ]
3
- (AB + 4(1.167)* ] = 73.5 mt
if = ly / A = 4.0833 m?
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{?7
30t
3 $A amo 2 mA me
(44 — 2x2) (2) (2.5) = 60 t tot
Wy=
We= (18) (4) (2.5) = 180 t
N = 10 + 15 + 25 + 30 + 20 + W, + Wz
340 t ( Comp. )
Ma = (15a1) + (2501) + (30"2) + (10%6) — (10x1)
"
— (20%2) = 110 mt ;
Normal Stresses
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— (25%0.833) — (10+15)(3.833) = 191.66 m.t >
€, = My / N = 0.5637 m
@y = Mx / N = 0.32353 m
3- For N.A.
-2
Xint = a = 7.243 m
2
4
¥ nt = B= 8.777 m NA
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Fons Wig Mey , Mi y
A Ix
Fo =~ 340 __110 , 2_ 191-66 53.166 = —36.82 t/m*
mots By 2
Fa =- 340 + 110 zit 197-66 43.833 = -3.89 t/m2
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The shown column carries an advertisement board (8mx2m)
as shown, The own weight of the board is 300kg/m’, and the
wind intensity normal to the board is 200 kg/m’.
Neglecting the weight of the column,determine all straining
actions on sec A-A at the base of the column ,and draw them
clearly on the section.
Py
kam m———+
Sec A-A
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joo 2X8 = 48
_ _200 _
Fogger 2x8 = 3.2t
N = 4.8 t ( Comp. ) 8
Qx = 0
Qy = 3.2¢t
Mx = 3.2 2 9 = 28.8 mt f
My = 4.8 x 2 = 9.6 mt —»
Mz = 3.2” 2 = 6.4 mt )
a“
ay
Qu
—-4—.- My
Mz
Sec A-A
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For the shown eeinforced
concrete structure, calculate
the straining actions at
sections A-A & B-B ,where
Vac =2.5t/ne
Toe be ore
. - De
:
Section A-A
1 2 amr 2m
A= (424) - (3) = 8.93 wm? a
nevey © |.
W=Ax4 a 2.5 = 89.31 t
Y
N = 89.31 + 12 = 101.31 ( Comp. )
ax = 0 Hx
wo ft |
12t
Mx = 904 - 1242 = 12 mt A y ls
My = 1222 = 24 mt <«—
Mz = 9%2 = 18 mt G
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eee ee re ete te dso! use ery vm,
Commercial use of these notes is not allowed. (www.yasserelleathy.com) Section B-B
A=(4"8)~- (+37) ee |
= 24.93 m S) tT
— _ 2 21
ey -2AX _ 42824 — 1/4x3* x6) Pr
ZA 24.93
= 343m
Y
W=Vay
W,= 8.93 x 8 x 2.5 = 178.63 tx
6t
W,= 42424225 = 160¢
N = W, + W, + 12 = 350.63 ( Comp. )
Qxu = 6t —>
Mx = 9x8 — 12"2 = 48 mt A
My = 1220.57 + 6x4 — W2x1.43 + W, 22.57
= 261.12 mt —>
Mz = 924.57 + 622 = 53.13 mt G
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For the shown reinforced concrete
square water tank,rested on a square &
hollow core and has a square footing.<,
Calculate the straining actions at
sections A-A , B-B , C-C , where :
Src=25t/m? Ssou=1-8t/m?
Wind pressure 120k,
Elevation®$ Sion
LAN SLE 8A,
238
>
=A
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
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0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Section A-A "Bl
W, =weight of tank above sec. A-A oe
= Orc + Volume a
=25 556 [ (88) -(7+7)]*3.5 m8
= 131.25 t
F,=wind force above section A—A
= t =
= 1.2 75 +8M 3.5m = 33.6 t
0.5 0.5
N = 181.25t (Comp.) 5
Qx= 33.6t —>
7
=0 Rpt. -
ay TF x
My= 0
My= 33.6+1.75 =§8.8m.t >> 5
M,= 0 Y
Sec, A-A gle Sh ¥TankIL ayegall Lal O55 Wh we
Tank Ji Auof gle gems old 959 Of Cue
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1.248
W, =weight of tank above sec. A-A
= 131.25 t Fe
W, =weight of tank floor
= Src * Volume
= 2.5 tes [ (8+ 8)+0.5] m8
= 80t
W, =weight of column
it
Fs
Sre * Volume PS Wg
= 2556 [ (444) -(3+3)]*9
157.5 ¢ 5 BY im
in
W, =weight of water
"
= OS water * Volume 0.5 °° 0.5 05°05
=12 7+ 7x3] ms 65 "Fh 05
= 1 tel (707 )03] mi 2 5
=147t WtMtMtl
F,=wind force Fz — > =e ey
= 1.2 148 msdm = 38.4 t
Fs =wind force
= 1.24344 ms8m = 38.4 t
N = 131.25+80 + 157.5+ 147 = 515.75t (Comp.)
Qy= 38.4 +384 = 76.8% —>
Qy= 0
M,= 0
My= 38.4411+ 38.4+5=614.4 mt >
- Sec. B-Bgle Se % Soil IN O55 Wh
M= 0 ogee) BaelS le Ygare Soil JI o>5 of Cue
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W, =weight of column Base 1208
Src * Volume Fy
= 25456 [ (8«8)a1 ] ms
= 160t
W, =weight of soil
= Src * Volume
= 1.8 Aes [ (848) ~(444)] #4
= 86.4 .
We"
N = 131.25 +80 + 157.54 147 oe
+ 160 +86.4 We Yew jh,
= 762.15t (Comp.) MMU
05555 8 08 85
Qy= 38.4 +384 = 768t —> 15. -5 0.
Qy= 0 iy
My= 0
= Wt ht hWtN
My= 8.40124 88.406 fy ty
= 691.2 mt >>
M,= 0
Y
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Commercial use of these notes is not allowed. (www. yasserelleathy.com) Page No. 37 Example
The shown frame , Compute and draw the normal stress
distribution at section A — A.
2tfm
> 4¢
20
800m 800emy A
2
i 6
t
Sec A-A
—— —
— 2m ———8m
A 2t/m
>» 4¢
X2*7Z
xX= 0
X,- 4
xM@1 = 0
221025 4x6 —- Y, x8 = 0
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201023 - Y, - Y; = 0
Straining actions at Sec 1-1
N = 4 t ( Tension )
Mx = 10.5”8 — 2x8x4 = 20 mt f
My = 0
0
€, = My / N
€,y = Ma / N = 5 m = 500 cm
Properties of area at Sec 1-1
Y
4 = 6000 cm?® 00m 2 -80em/
>
yu2AY _ 1802687. 5+ 20275E87.5F r
ZA J—-—- Ly —-—,
6000 oy ¥ ¥
= 75 cm iy 4
180x25° 2 sec %A-A
Ix = [>t (180x25)(87.5-75) ] 2
= joe 20875" + (75%20)(37.5-75)']
= 3750000 em*
= Ix / A = 625 cm*®
For N.A.
ee
Y int. = ey = 1.25 em
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Page No. 39 Normal stresses Ma
Y
ad Mae Y A800em~ 2 800em~ .
Tx 2 Yint.
x ¥
r dl
Sec A-A
4 202100 y 25 = -0.0126 t/em?
"= + §599~ 3750000
- 12.6 Kg /em’
- 4 202100 _ 2
Fi,= * 50007 37500007 75 + 0.0406 t/cem
+ 40.6 Kg fem’?
12.6 Kg /cm? Y
7 Yint.
— [yo ty
|
|
|
4
40.6 Kg /crré y
Normal stess distribution
Normal Stresses
© Copyright Eng. Akram Moustata2013. All copyrights reserved.
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Commercial use of these notes is not allowed. (www.yasserelleathy.com) Page No. 40 Example
For the shown section is subjected to a compression force (P)
The location of the neutral axis is as shown.
(a) Determine the value of the force (P)
so that the maximum compressive stress
doesn’t exceed 20 kg/cm’, and the maximum
tension stress doesn’t exceed 10 kg/cm’.
(b) If the value of (P) is increased to 60 t
and acts at the same location , determine y;
the new location of the neutral axis and
draw it on the section .
© CopytightEng Akram Moustefa2013. All copyrights reserved. Normal Stresses
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Commercial use of these notes is not allowed. (www. yasserelleathy.com) Page No. 41 Properties of area
6000 cm?
A 502x120
3
tx = 502120" — 7200000 emt
Ty = 120z50° = 1250000 em* x1204
if = Ix / A = 1200 em?*
iy = Iy / A = 208.33 em*
For N.A.
Yint = 30 cm , Xing = 10.42 em
“2
4; 1200
Y int. = ey 30 = =. x
y <<
ey = 40 cm
-2
208.33
Xint. = ot 10.42 = en
For max. compression —- at point (1)
N Ma Mi
Fe +37 ay
4 + Y +7 *
p, = —Px1000 __Px4001000_ ,g9 _ Px20x1000
’ 6000 7200000 1250000
= -20 Kg/er® —»
P = 22.22 t
x25
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Normal Stresses
Page No. 42 For max. Tension -—- at point (2)
N Mx Mi
Fe +4 Lm ay
A ta, Y +a, *
Px1000 Px40x1000 Px20x1000
Fo=- 60
2 6000 + 7200000 * + 1250000
= +10 Kg/en? —»|P = 17.64 t
x25
Baba) PJ ties
P = 17.64 t
For P = 60¢t
P ey y
|
| Pp |
| gel
Pep oy p! [ :
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