History

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Ji!'"' '"" Listen to a lecture in a history class. Fill .in the diagram with the information that you h~ar.
{:<;;:~ --1- ~:

f.'Yc';'Key Vocabulary

'lf,1i.>._ .
~tr con~uer: to take control of land. or people by force

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.
,. . .
W,~'.\'~sslmllatlon: the process of becoming similar to SOO)Bth.ing,
,f.\'ii/C 011' '
especially a culture

~!;:-legendary: very famous for .a long period oftirne

esteem: to h.ave a good opinion of som~one . / ,. '.

>pride oneself ~11: to be.saU~fied with. o~ proud oi ones~lf for.

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Contribution 1:

Contribution 2:

Contribution 3:

1. What is the main topic of the lecture?

(A) The Persian influence on Greek culture
(B) Why Al.exander the Great was admired
by the Romans
(C) How a famous military leader helped
spread Greek culture
(D)' How Greek culture came to be globally
' appreciated

Contribution 4:

2. What aspect of Alexander's reign does the

professor mainly discuss?

(A) His treatment of the people that he

conquered
(B) His effective organization of the army
(C) How his conquests made him famous
in the ancient world
(D) How his policies brought Greek culture
to other countries

Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

--..-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I

f,

i.!

Alexander the Great spread _ _ _ _ _ to many parts of the world. To promote cultural
assimilation, he had ______ marry _ _ _ _ _ . The professor also mentions
Alexander's ______ , giving the example of Romans trying to associate themselves
with Greece ______ Greek.
{
---------r---,--------------------,-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Muin lclea Questions

199 - -

Office Hours
Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor. Fill in the diagram with the
information that you hear. +Mf!fbj
Key Vocabulary
sentiment: thought or opinion about a situation
setup: the way something is arranged
go on: to continue

Problem:

1. What is the main topic of the conversation?

(A) What the woman must do in order to
pass the course
(B) Why the woman is not interested in the
lectures
(C) How the professor can improve his
teaching style
(D) The student's feelings about a recent
lecture

i(

. autho;lty: expert on a subjeci

.
..
.
.. Input: comments or suggestions rnade on a subject .. .

Solution:

2 .. What problem does the woman have with

. the professor's class?
(A) He does not conduct class discussions
well.
(B) He does not encourage group
discussions.
(C) He ignores information in the textbook.
(D) He refuses to ask for input from the
students.

Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

The student goes to see the professor because she thinks she is not _ _ _ __
effectively in the class. In particular,
thinks that the _ _ _ _ _ waste
time. She feels that class time could be better spent by _ _ _ _ _ . The professor agrees
to _ _ _ _ _ changing the way he teaches the class.

~-

Service Encounter
Listen to a conversation: between a .student and a university employee. Fill in the diagram
mr''''< with the information that you hear. @ti
l}/,''9~, ...

"'v'""'' ~\f:fey Vocabulary

.
.
to find and eliminate a problem
l~!ffhardware: the physical components of computer or other
~if;::. . .
instrument
,,
.
.

l!ill~troubleshoot:

I'>{'.<'.

In working order: able to operate normally

Incoming: coming In or arriving
directives: orders or instructions

::;;
Problem:

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Solution:

GI

1. What are,\be speakers mainly discussing?

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tfv.:

(A) Why the student cannot remember his

. network password
(B) The $fudent's computer hardware
problems
(C) Why the campus network requires
a password
(D) How the student can connect to the
campus network
{;.

f..

2. How does the woman help the student?

(A) By installing a program on the
student's computer
(B) By applying for a campus email
address
(C) By helping the student get a network
password
(D) By verifying the student's IP address

.-\'

Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

The student called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ because he needs help connecting to
- - - - - - - The woman discovers that the student has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a
network password. The woman walks the student through the steps of _ _ _ _ _ __
and logging on to _ _ _ _ _ __

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

I
Main Idea Questions

201 ----;

literature
'
Listen to a discussion in a literature class. Fill in the diagram
with the information that
you hear.

+iffifii

Key Vocabulary
blaze the trail: to do something that was never done before .
contemporary: someone who lived during the same time as
someone else

departure: something different from what i.s common or

expected

fragment: an incomplete part

refreshing: different and interesting in a pleasant way

.Emily Dickinson vs:. Her Female Contemdoraries .

<

,-

--

-'

Emily Dickinson:

Both:

Female Contemporaries:

1. What are the speakers mainly discussing?

(A) Why Dickinson was not popular
during the Victorian period
(8) The special qualities of Dickinson's
writing style
(C) How Dickinson's style changed
during her career
(D) Dickinson's role in the creation of a
new style of poetry

2. Why does the professor mention

Dickinson's grammar?
(A) To give a reason why it is difficult to
read her poems
(8) To demonstrate her unique writing
style
(C) To explain why she did not use a .
conventional writing style
(D) To compare her poetry with her fiction

Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

The lecture compares

of Emily Dickinson to that of other poets of her
era. The student says that Dickinson's style is marked by
. The professor
adds that she used
patterns as well. The professor also says that
Dickinson focused on very _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , while other writers focused primarily

---- --------------------------------------------------- ------- ''

;.i..-i

202

~-------------

------------------------------------ .-----

Chapter 1

_.

----~-.

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'!-

Medical Science
Listen to a lecture in a medical science class. Fill in the diagram with the information that

you hear. +iffli'='

If
.
~c,, Key Vocabulary
~t)

-.

Ui Infectious: capable of spreading to others

. 1;"-.{.
~''.;'transmit:
to carry from
one place to another
'
.
~~;~yglene: the practice or principles of cleanliness

contract: to catch an Illness or disease

mortality rate: a statistic that describes the number of .
. deaths during a period of flme

"" .-- -~ - ,

\;{,;

Cause 1:

Effect:

Cause 2:

1. What is the lecture mainly about?

(A) How Europe protected itself from
outbreaks of disease
(8) The reasons why mortality rates are
higher in underdeveloped countries
(C) Why so many people in the past died
from treatable diseases
(0) Different ways to prevent the bubonic
plague and smallpox

2. What aspect of infectious diseases

does the professor mainly discuss?
(A) How they have affected world
populations
(8) The different ways they are transmitted
(C) The reasons why they were spread so
easily in the past
(D) How to prevent them by making
vaccinations accessible

Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

The professor discusses why diseases that a r e - - - - - - - once killed so
many people. The first reason mentioned is the
- - - - - - Another factor is the
within some

of how diseases are

to certain types of diseases

------

----------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ------------ ..-----------------------------/vlain Idea Questions

203

--~..,

Office Hours
''

Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor. Fill in the diagram with the
information that you hear. 'f1
Key Vocabulary
keep track of: to pay attention over a period of time
virtually: almost but not quite
comprehensive: including everything that is necessary

Problem:

1. What are the speakers mainly discussing?

(A) Whether or not the course will repeat
content from a previous course
(B) Alternatives to the current textbook in
the course
(C) Why the student should take a more
advanced class
(D) The reasons why the student must
take a prerequisite course

prerequisite: something required in advance

overlap: the amount that two subjects extend over the
same area

Solution:

2. What concerns does the student have

. about the professor's textbook choice?
(A) It may not cover all the material in the
course.
(B) It might repeat material that he learned
in another class.
(C) There is a newer edition of the
textbook available.
(D) There are other books that are more
suitable for the subject.

Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

The student approaches the professor to ask about what material _ _ _ _ _ __
in the class. He is concerned because the professor assigned _ _ _ _ _ _ _ that is
used in - - - - - - - - course. The professor reassures the student that
- - - - - - - - w i l l be covered in her course.

"

~:~

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i

204

Chapter 1

Service Encounter
Listen to a conversation between a student and a university employee. Fill in the diagram
'
with the information that you hear. +@u
Vocabulary
bewllde1lng: causing confusion
.vouc:her: a paper that is exchanged for goods or services

Problem:

. 1.

W~at

are the speakers mainly discussing?

(~);

Finding out which meal plan options

are available to upperclassmen
(B) Changing meal plans after the
deadline has passed
(C) Deciding on a suitable meal plan
(D) Cancelling a meal plan and getting
a refund

[[

excessive: too much

downgrade: to lessen something

Solution:

2. Why does the student want to change his

meal plan?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

He does not enjoy the food.

He wants more dining points.
He wants to cook for himself.
His parents are upset about the cost.

Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

The conversation takes place in the
administrator's office. The
student asks for more information about the university
. The administrator
explains that as
, he must remain enrolled in one of the three
- - - - - - - plans. The student listens to the information and chooses a plan with
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ than the default plan.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------.. ----------------------------------

i
Main Idea Questions

205

--jI .

Geology
0

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Listen to a lecture in a geology class. Fill in the diagram with the information that you hear.
+ifiAS:tw
. Key Vocabulary .
debris: fragments of something that has been broken
phenomenon: an occurrence that caii be perceived
grade: the degree of a slope

be comprised ol: to be made of .

.
saturate: to fin completely so that no more can be added .

Characteristics:

Typo 3

1. What is the lecture mainly about?

(A) The characteristics of different
landslide processes
(B) The different causes of landslides
(C) Why the term "landslide" is not
appropriate for all geological processes
(0) How different kinds of landslides
can be avoided

2. What features of each type of landslide

does the professor focus on?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

Composition and speed

The damage caused by each type
Typical locations and causes
Statistics about how often each occurs

Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

- The-professor discusses the three different types of landslides, beginning with
_ _ _ _ _ , which moves slowly and can be
. The professor then
discusses
, which moves ______ creep and is caused by soil being
saturated with water. The professor then describes a
the same process as creep but moves much faster and causes

, which follows
-~------

---------------------------------------------.. --------------------.---------------------------------------------,.---

206

Chapter 1

..

Zoology
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Listen to a discussion fo a zoology class. Fill in the diagram with the information that you

: hear. +Mf!j:fl
Y,(t~i.wltn1ess: to see something happen

hlerar~hy: a system where people or things.are ranked

fi'l'~/.explllclt: particular or; exact .

. according to their importance

dispute: a disagreement oc fight

%!!~1'f<iir lf!'iiconcluct: a kind of ~ehavior.

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Reason 1:

Example:

Reason 2:

Example:

2. What aspect of play-fighting does the

1. What is the lecture mainly about?

.'
I

professor mostly discuss?

(A) How hierarchical differences cause

animals to play-fight
(B) The similarities between play-fighting
and genuine fighting
(C) The reasons why animals play-fight
(D) How young wolves learn to play-fight

r<

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--.... '"

(A) Why it causes specific behavioral

changes in adult animals
(B) How it prepares young
animals for adulthood
(C) How different animals interpret and
participate in it
(D) Why animals stop doing it when they
reach adulthood

Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

~ -------------------~-----------------------------------------------------------------~------------------------------..

'

The professor gives reasons for play-fighting, which is when animals appear to be
_ _ _ _ _ , but are actually just
each other. The first function of
play-fighting is to help animals learn
says that animals fight to

later in life. The professor also

is.

who the

fvla1n Idea Questions

______

- - --

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207 - -

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Necessary Skills
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Taking note of major points and important details of a lecture or conversation

Listening for signal expressions that identify details, such as the following: for
example, the reason is, on the other hand, I would say
Eliminating incorrect answer choices
Identifying a statement that is not mentioned

i
i

According to the lecture, what is

?
Which of the following is true, according to the lecture?
What does the speaker say about
?
What connection does the speaker make between _ _ _ __
?
. and
What does the professor suggest the student do?
Which of the following is true of
?
What advice does the professor give to the student about
?
According to the discussion, how did
?
According to the speaker, why do
?
According to the conversation, why must the student
?
According to the speaker, who were
?
According to the lecture, what kinds of
? Choose 2 answers.

Since answers to questions are generally found in order in the passage, it is

helpful to take notes in the order of what you hear.
Detail questions do not require inference. Choose what speakers actually say.
In a lecture, detail questions are about information related to the following: new
facts, descriptions, definitions of terms/concepts/ideas, reasons, results, and
examples.
o Incorrect choices may repeat some of the speakers' words but do not reflect
correct information from the lecture or conversation.

Detail Questions

---------- '-~-==------- - - - -

209 - -

- - ---- - =

Sociology
~

!C;p&=~ttm'>J'.,~MJ:\'~:.<.~:'!-'\'J,'i/)!!ifl.<~9.W,\'l':""'.O:-;:

(Co'l'"Y\.o''.:,-;.

Listen to a lecture in a sociology class. Fill in the diagram with the information that you hear.
liijj:jl
Key Vocabulary
dynamics: a set of forces that exist, especially in a
relationship
set off: to show the difference between two things

consequentfal: important
unstable: easily made to fall or come apart
cease: to stop

.. Dyads
Definition:

Characteristic 1:

<
1. According to the professor, what is a dyad?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

A social problem
A group of two people
A circle of friends
A rule for marriage

2. According to the professor, how are dyads

different from other relationships?
(A) They usually have negative
consequences.
(B) They are more stable.
(C) They require a specific number of
people.
(D) They are much more intense.

Characteristic 2:

3. According to the professor, which of the

following is true?
(A) Groups with several members are
likely to be unstable.
(B) A club may not survive if a single
member leaves it.
(C) A photography club is a common
type of dyad.
(D) Dyads end when one person leaves
the relationship.

Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

--~

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...-..., ..... ____ .,.,_ . ______ ... _,,.,.,.,. __ ,..... __ ....

,

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,__

.. ---- ... , .. ___ ,,_, ____________,., ____

~---------~-.--------------

.. -----.....

--

The professor discusses dyads, which are groups of _ _ _ _ _ . This type of group
is ______ for two reasons. First, it is
, since each member has only
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ to focus on. Second, it is a very _ _ _ _ _ _ _-if one person
leaves, the group ______

------- -- ------- -------- -.... --- - --- ----------------------------------------------------- .. ------------- --

i\j'1

"\I~;_,- 210

._

Chapter 2

Psychology
-.:ttw:wM'~.r;;:m.~wa"!'.lifn;;51;'t,"lf.>'7'A11t~~'l,,!;'1'1.w.w-"X:m<t..1\V;'C4>'.t~

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Listen to a lecture in a psychology class. Fill in the diagram with the infqrmation that you
hear. @S:M
Key Vocabulary
Inexplicable: unable to be explained
. approximate: to guess
manifestation: an outward appearance

accurately: correctly: exactly .

prone: likely to do or have something

;.Children an(lPanrc'Disbrder ',

Theory:

Support 1:

"

<
1. According to the professor, what is panic
; disorder?
(A) Feeling stronger pain than normal
(B) Powerful and unexplained feelings of
anxiety
(C) Rapid mood changes
(D) Unusual sensitivity to the body

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,,..

2. According to the professor, how are body

awareness and anxiety related?
(A) An increased heart rate can cause
panic disorders.

'"_,

Support 2:

(B) Children feel anxiety more intensely

than adults do.
(C) Children who experience pain can
develop panic disorder.
(D) Being worried about one's body can
lead to anxiety.

3. Who were the subjects of the study?

(A) A group of randomly chosen children
(B) A group of children with panic disorder
(C) A group of both adults and children
(D) A group of normal children

It

Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

'

The professor discusses a theory that links panic disorder with being aware of
- - - - - The professor describes the study, in which
were
asked to guess their
. The study showed that the children
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ their heart rates accurately were more likely to _ _ _ _ _ __
The professor also discussed how people who worry when they feel pain can develop

--------------------------------- .. ------------------------------------------------------------------------Deti!il Questions

211 - -

Office Hours
Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor. Fill in the diagram with the
information that you hear. @UI
Key Vocabulary
bring up: to raise or make better
be one's best bet: to be the best option or plan of action
take In: to understand

Problem:

hit: to suddenly understand something

clear up: to clarify or explain

Solution 1:

~--~ ISolution 2:
I Solution 3:
1. Why is the student worried about the
class?

,;

(
j_'

'

'

;' . ' t

(A) He does not know how to find out his

grades.
(B) He thinks his grades are too low.
(C) He has not studied enough for the final
exam.
(D) He wants to do extra work to improve
his grade.

3. What does the professor suggest the

student do before the final exam?

(A) Make an outline of the class's main

topics
(B) Do extra homework to get more grade
points
(C) Go over the textbook before the exam
(D) Visit the professor to find out what
material to study

. 2. What advice does the professor give to the

student about studying for the final exam?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

Study the material in more depth.

Study the material in the book.
Study the main points of the material.
Study with a group of other students.

Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

The student goes to see the professor because he is worried that he is not _ _ _ __
. In addition,
. in the class. The professor suggests that he try do well on
the professor suggests studying only
. The professor also recommends
that the student _ _ _ _ _ her to _ _ _ _ _ any remaining confusion about the
material.
~_:-;,<.- 212 Chapter 2

Service Encounter
Listen: to a conversation between a student and a university employee. Fill in the diagram
. with the information that you hear. i@j:IM
,.,., .., -

fil.

Key Vocabulary

l~{'c\,.'

ffi:.

check out: to borrow from a library or similar place

subscribe: to pay for and receive something over a fixed
>
period of time

demand: desire for or interest in

reserve: something saved for later use
priority: position ahead of others

~-::

Problem:

Solution:

Option 1:

/
i--

. _.,

l'

--1.:;,c_ What problem does the student have?

.
.f

l
~~'
-1

I
f

I
!

I
.

Option 2:

,,,

: (A) He is trying to find the location of a

different library.
(B) He does not know which journal
contains the article he wants.
(C) He is unable to locate a particular
journal that he needs.
(D) He does not know which library has
the journal he needs.
2. According to the woman, what is the
interlibrary loan system?
(A) A system that allows students to
borrow from other libraries
(B) A network that allows students to
locate checked-out books

(C) A system that rents books to other

people for a small fee
(D) A database that tracks what books
students have borrowed
3. Which of the following is true according to
the conversation?
(A) The student will have to go to a public
library.
(B) The woman will reserve a journal for
the student
(C) The student will not be able to get the
journal issue.
(D) The university library charges a fee for
each loan.

Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

----------- ----------------- ........ --- _.,._ .......------ .. ----- ---------------------------- ----- .... -----------------------A student needs a
at the library but cannot find it The librarian suggests
something called an
, which is a system that allows the library to
_ _ _ _ _ books and journals from other libraries. She can look for the journal at a
_ _ _ _ _ library, where it will probably be in stock. However, the student asks her to
look at a
library, which will be-~------------------------- .. --------- -------------------------------------------------.. ----------~~bt>tail Questions

213 - -

;-- 214

Botany
JUCPmm.1'.t"<lli!Sm:JM!.1/~:WiMf>lfo.."'<l.W:l'!MX6""~qt<",'f><~MA::.-..,~''-f'-'-.-1-:a',-r-"'''';'~'_;

<''>""~o~<f'

.:, -

' Fill in the diagram with the information that you

Listen to a discussion in a botany cla~s.

hear. @s:+
Key Vocabulary
blossom: to produce a flower
measure: an actiOn taken

widespread: occurring often or in many places ..

vulnerable: easy to attack
prematurely: too soon

j . Diseases Affecting Roses ' '

I

Disease 1:

Disease 2:

_ __.__r-----_______

lc
Lha-ra_c_te-ristic~------

1. According to the professor, what are the

symptoms of black spot? Choose 2
answers.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

A weakened plant
Dark circles on the leaves
Dust covering the plant and the ground
The loss of leaves leading to brown
growths on stems

2. What does rose rust cause?

--------.-,1--------'

I Characteristics:
(C) A plant that suddenly loses all of its
leaves and turns orange
(D) Orange growths that appear near the
base of the plant
3. What are the two rose diseases caused by?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi
Insects

(A) Orange spots and orange dust on

stems and leaves
(B) A dehydrated plant with orange rings
around the stems
Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

.. -.. -------"'''>------------------------.----"'""
Roses are vulnerable to - - - - - - - t h a t are caused by fungi, bacteria, and
viruses. One of the diseases is called
, which causes round black
spots to appear on the
, causing eventual damage to the entire plant.
Another disease called
causes orange spots to appear on the leaves,
as well as _ _ _ _ _ __

~M---'"-H----,.--------"'~-------'-'----------~-------------------------

Chapter 2

{:

Anthropology
~_.,.-~.Zo!6'Ull'lO!>l'Cil'-fll.~<bC.-,;"1,'.!tii:<::-'1-<xH'\'.<h<:<~!1.1;_;;-,.,'.-\l'""''-'"~..'-1'>'-"""'~..

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Listen to a lecture in an anthropology class. Fill in the diagram with the information that you

.,.. ,..,,,,, .. hear. Af:t.

'

!!'l~E'){~y Vocabulary

.~~'.~dapt: to adjust to conditions

,,,,,, ' . :i\i'J'lillck (something) up: to support or give evidence for

~?J.~~chor: to ground or hold in place

Innovative: creative
retrieve: to go get and bring back

Theory:

<
1. According to the professor, why did the
,Aztecs build floating gardens?

'(A) To allow easy travel between islands

(B) To provide space for people to live
(C) To provide fresh water to their city
(D) To grow certain kinds of plants
; 2. How did the floating gardens stay in place?

(A) They were held in place by tree roots.

(B) The Aztecs built aqueducts to hold
them.
(C) Tree branches kept them from moving.
(D) They were between channels of flowing
water.

3. According to the professor, how did the

Aztecs obtain fresh water?
(A) By travelling to springs outside of the
city
(B) By replacing swampland with floating
gardens
(C) By constructing artificial channels to
fresh water sources
(D) By building structures to separate
fresh water from swamp water

Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

The professor discusses how ancient civilizations sometimes had to _ _ _ _ _ __
environments that were difficult to live in.
adapted to their environment
in a couple of different ways. They had to build.
over the swampland to
make room for people to live. Second, they built aqueducts to provide _ _ _ _ _ __
to their city, which was surrounded b y - - - - - - -

----------------------------------------------------------:..------------------------------ .. ---------------------Dewil Questions

215 - - "

Office tiours
Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor. Fill in the diagram with the
information that you hear. @U
Key Vocabulary
permit: to allow
right up one's alley: suiting one perfectly
oriented: favoring a particular point of view

construction: formation; something that is created

dig Into: to explore

"Introduction to International Relations" vs. "Representatio_ns ~~~~ce ;dP'oiitics"

International Relations:

Both:

Race and Politics:.

_._J

_________________ __

1. According to the student, why can't she

take both classes?
(A) She cannot afford to pay for both of
them.
(B) The university will not allow her to take
both classes.
(C) She is worried that she will be too
busy next semester.
(D) She has time in her schedule for only
one class.
2. According to the professor, the class
"Introduction to International Relations" is
best for which of the following?

,,._,

(C) International students

(D) Political Science students
3. What advice does the professor give to the
student?

(A) She should take the class she is most

interested in.
(B) She should take a class in a different
department.
(C) She should take a less advanced
class.
(D) She should get more personal
experience outside of class.

(A) Freshman
(B) Business students
Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.
.,-

.------------.--------------"''" --""" ---- .. - ............. - .. -"- __. ___ ,---- - <>---------------~-- ..... .

The student goes to the professor's office _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . The student cannot

decide which class ______ . She likes both classes, though one class is more
appropriate for her
. However, the other class
to her. The professor recommends _ _ _ _ _ _ _ class.
;

_l{;{;':!

fh#--:~;1~H

"

216

Chapter 2 .

is_~-----

~-

Service Encounter
Listen to a conversation between a student and a university employee. Fill in the diagram
. with the information that you hear.

@!"'

Key Vocabulary

\~;_!'-?

i):..--.. scholarship: an amount. of money awarded to a student ..

\, .

~~~f- f8e: the amount of money paid for a privilege or service

[
[

dlsenroll: to remove from a roll or list

extension: extra time given to finish something

\;(:f: 'tuition: a sum charged for instruction at a university

Problem:

Solution:

r.
ft
.

,,,.,

1+. Which of the following is true of the WOW

Scholarship?
, (A) It does not include money for tuition
costs.
(B) It provides $200 toward the student's
education.
(C) It pays for the student's entire
education.
(D) It does not pay for class fees.

3. What does the worker suggest to the

student?
(A) Look for scholarship information online
(B) Ask her grandparents for money
(C) Wait until she gets paid from her job
(D) Visit the scholarship office

2. According to the student, when should she

pay the fee?

r.

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

By the
By the
By the
By the

end of the day

end of the week
first day of class
end of the semester

Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

The student did not realize that certain university classes had _ _ _ _ _ ,.and she
now has _ _ _ _ _ she cannot pay. She does not know how she will pay
I

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ . The student did not know that she - - - - - - - for more than
one scholarship, so the worker advises her to
additional scholarships.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Detail

Qu~stions 217 _.-

j ,_.______________.................................................................
L

i.1'' .;,q. J'

Political Science
Listen to a lecture in a political science class. Fill in the diagram with the informat!on that

you hear.

@''

Key Vocabulary
sovereign: having supreme power or highest rank
face: to experience or to encounter
abolish: to get rid of

goodhearted: kind and generous

succession: a process in which things or people
follow each other

"' ~Ab$dlqfo,Mo,n~r,9hy d,, I

l~A-d-v-an-ta_g_e_1_:---~ -~~1~S-u-p-po-rt-:--------~---1

Etago

--1

S"ppcrt

1. What does the speaker say about

Catherine the Great?
(A) She used her power mainly to aid the
upper class.
(B) She is proof that a bad monarch will
hurt a country.
(C) She was a good monarch who helped
her country.
(D) She felt that increasing taxes would
strengthen her country.
2. According to the professor, which of the
following is an advantage of absolute
monarchies?

(B) They offer the people a larger voice in

government.
(C) They bypass the election system and
simplify government.
(D) They minimize the chance of negative
reforms and changes.
3. According to the professor, why was it
good that monarchies did not have
elections?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

Many people were illiterate.

Few people wanted to vote for rulers.
Elections do not require participation.
Rulers often ignored the results,

(A) They provide unlimited power for long

periods of time.
Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

The professor discusses the _ _ _ _ _ of absolute monarchies. First, absolute

monarchies can give
the power to make good changes. The professor
uses the example of
. With an absolute monarchy there is
______ for elections. This made government easier in the past, since many people
could not ________

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Music History

~il:llf.6~~W&:i~%:~./\ll>1N,,H<U!f'M>~~o~-~'1-~~''~yx;<."'~-'.,_-,

"'"'''''' Listen to a discussion in a music history class. Fill in the diagram with the information that

you hear. ''Ml''

-~/

,''

rf' Key Vocabulary

tL 'epic: having heroic or monumental qualities.

,
'
;f;i. folk: relating to the culture and history of common people
.
,.,, commit: to keep for future use
' tt:.>'.:.i
't:t"!-;_'

.,.

'

Definition:

1. Apcording to the professor, which of the

fciliowing defines Celtic culture?

l
r

I
r

!t

'

(A) Western European culture up to the

Middle Ages.
(B) The culture of Eastern Europe where
bards originated
(C) Modern European culture including
Ireland and Scotland
(D) The culture of Central Europe during
the Middle Ages.
2. According to the professor, what kinds of
stories did bards tell in their songs?
(A) Stories about ancient European
cultures

melody: the arrangement of musical notes to create

a pleasurable musical passage
catchy: easy to remember, as in a song

Role:

(B) Epic stories about real and fictional

events
(C) Historical accounts of Celtic kings
(D) Original stories created by the bards
3. How did music help people remember
history?
(A) Memorable melodies helped people
remember stories.
(B) The bards' music inspired people to
write stories about history.

(C) Bards encouraged people to continue

singing their songs.
(D) The music of the bards used elements
found in rnodern literature.

'
l

I
i

Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

.. - - - - - - - - .. ---'-------<ouu~--."''''"' __ ,.,,_,------n-n---,._., _____ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

The lecture defines bards as _ _ _ _ _ that played instruments and sang. Bards
are a part of Celtic
and had an important role in its history. The professor
discusses the role of bards, saying that they helped the people
the stories
that described their
. The catchy qualities of music helped the people
remember ________

Instructions: Chaos~ the best word or

phrase to complete each sentence.
1. Because the king did not have a son, his
eldest daughter became next in line of
- - - - - for the throne.

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

t {'
I

scholarship
sentiment
succession
sovereign

2. I believe in life after death, but I cannot

_ _ _ _ _ my claim with any hard
evidence.

(A)
(8)
(C)
(D)

back up
take in
dig into
keep track of

3. Research League International continues

to
in innovative strategies
for medical research.

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

blaze the trail

bring things up
check out
set off

4. Some things in nature seem

_ _ _ _ _ , such as the almost
telepathic bond that develops between
some owners and their pets.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

5. The _ _ _ _ _ of two small, older

restaurant chains cost the corporation
$500 million.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

acquisition
assimilation
construction
manifestation

6. The website has a great video showing

the inside of the pyramid. It's like
_ _ _ _ _ being there!
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

approximately
notoriously
prematurely
virtually

7. There is
support for the
president's new environmental policy.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

prone to
one's best bet
right up people's alley
widespread

8. Without knowing how much was spent

last year, we cannot
a
new budget for the coming year.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

charge
dispute
formulate
manipulate

habitual
inexplicable
unstable
vulnerable

:'

i<"i'

~~~~-- 220

i\';.l.1'.
'<

Vocabulary Review 1

.,
"

Instructions: Choose the word or phrase

closest in meaning to the underlined part.

14. The students came up with a new and

clever way to do their group presentation.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

I probably wouldn't eat it everyday, but

tofu burgers for lunch made a fun and
interesting change to my usual routine.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

bewildering
incoming
overlapping
refreshing

~
2S

G'I

"'3
z

15. The website's security will not allow you to

access the database without first entering
a valid user ID and password.

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

G'I

...

permit
reserve
setup
transmit

'"-I

Instructions: Write the missing words. Use

the words below to fill in the blanks.

, 11 ....Someday we will completely defeat such

.diseases as cancer and heart disease.
j

contract

commit
comprise
conduct
conquer

fees

disenrolled

12. The bus driver seemed very kind and

tIBQilll and always had a smile for anyone
who got on the bus.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

...

Ill

:;;

10. It was difficult for women to rise very high

within the company's ranking system.
(A) authority
(B) hierarchy
(C) melody
(D) priority

.(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

explicit
infectious
innovative
sanitary

anchored
disquieted
good-hearted
oriented

13. The principal told reporters that the

school had taken "appropriate serious
action" with regard to the misconduct of
cafeteria employees.
(A) catchy
(B) consequential
(C) comprehensive
(D) contemporary

extensions
tuition

Above the basic 16. _ _ _ _ _ __

paid by students, some classes also include
special 17.
. According to
the student 18.
that
applies to anyone accepting admission to the
school, these fees must be paid before the
first day of class. No 19. _ _ _ _ _ __
for paying late fees will be given. Any
student who has not paid his or her special
fees by the first day of class will be
20.
from the class.

Instructions: Match the words that are similar

in meaning.
21.
22.
23.
24.

debris
cease
departure
retrieve
25. voucher

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

conclude
collect
exit
form
fragments

'

.A
\. ., ,;. .~.;

Vocabulary Review 1

221

-~.1

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.... . .....\'.){
._,''""
- - ---

;~ :; __

---

!_:,_'-

01 Anthropology
Listen to a lecture in an anthropology class.

@1

Key Vocabulary
distinct: clearly different
descend from: to come from; originate from
refute: to argue against; to dispute
reconstruct: to build again
ln~ablt: to live in

1. What is the lecture mainly about?

(A) The ways that Aztec and Mayan
mythology are similar
(B) How aspects of Aztec mythology
were incorporated by the Mayans
(C) Why the mythologies of both cultures
share some similarities
(D) The reasons why the Aztecs never
conquered the Mayans

2. What theory about the Mayans and

Aztecs does the professor support?
(A) Their mythologies were similar
because they descended from the
same peoples.
(B) Living near each other and seeing the
same landscape made thern similar.
(C) The Aztecs were direct descendants
of the Mayans.
(D) Only Mayan beliefs are supported by
archeological finds.

3. According to the professor, which of the

following statements is true?
(A) The Aztecs predate the Mayans by
several hundred years.
(B) The Aztecs sold com to the Mayans.
(C) The Aztecs and the Mayans lived in
the same territory.
(D) The Aztecs and the Mayans
originated at different times.

negotiation: the reaching of agreement through

discussion
expanse: a wide, open area
staple: a basic, necessary food or product
Inevitably: certainly; unavoidably

4. Which modern countries are in the same

areas the Mayans used to live?
Choose 2 answers.

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

Guatemala
Mexico
The United States
Brazil

. 5. What was a result of the trade relationship

between the Aztecs and the Mayans?

(A) They intermarried.

(B) They developed new kinds of
products.
(C) The exchanged customs and beliefs.
(D) They were suspicious of each other.
6. According to the professor, what food

staple did the Mayans and Aztecs have

in common?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

Corn
Beef
Bananas
Cactus

02 Business
Listen to a discussion in a business class. +@@II
({t-.q'-___ :.

~J~ l{ey Vocabulary

[~(;.:reinforcement: a repeated process to aid learning.

ij'.)'i'.the
floor Is open: anyone is allowed to speak
-'.;;y_ ..
~tt1t; fare: the cost of transportation

rf:i{' m.alntenance: work lhal is done to keep a machine

~~~fi:''-'
f~.;,-

fuel: something used lo power a machine; like gasoline

fluctuation: changes over a short period of time
hedge: to try to avoid possible losses in a financial
transaction

:e

"'3z

1n working order

Cl

7. What is the main topic of the discussion?

(A) The reasons why the low-cost carrier
model has failed
(B) How a company can save money by
eliminating services
(C) The ways that low-cost carriers can
improve
(D) What a low-cost carrier is and how it
works
-~:
! 8. , What aspect of the business model does
\
)he professor mainly discuss?
t

(A) The ways the company can attract

more customers
(B) The disadvantages of operating a
low-cost carrier
,
(C) How a low'Cost carrier keeps. costs
low
(D) Why low-cost carriers lose so much
money

9. According to the professor, what content

will be on the test?
(A) Information about a certain airline
business model
(B) The common business models for
airlines
(C) Ways to improve airline business
models
(D) The cost of opening and maintaining
a low-cost carrier

10. By definition, how are low-cost carriers

able to provide low fares?
(A) They do not have to pay for fuel.
(B) They get rid of extra services.
(C) They operate a limited number of
planes.
(D) They get rebates from the government

.,,

n
rn

...
~

11 What are some of the stated benefits of

using only one kind of aircraft?
Choose 2 answers.

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

Ease of maintenance
Less fuel is used by the airline
Better service
Discounts on aircraft

12. What is an advantage of using secondary

airports?
(A) They are busier than major airports.
(B) They are open at convenient times.
(C) There are fewer regulations.
(D) There are reduced landing fees.

13. What is fuel hedging?

(A) The practice of buying fuel before it
is necessary
(B) The state of changing fuel prices
(C) Buying aircraft fuel in bulk
(D) Buying fuel cheaply and selling it for
a higher price

Mini Test 1

223 - - ,

--;1;

. ,,,

03 Service Encounter
Listen to a conversation between a student and a university employee. ljffi@&i
Key Vocabulary
graduate: to receive a degree after completing a
course of study
Independent: free from external control or inlluence
offlclally: in an approved, recognized role

14. What are the speakers mainly discussing?

(A) How to gain access to the library
storage room
(B) Why non-students are not allowed in
the library
(C) How the student can use the campus
libraries
(D) Why the student should be allowed to
use the facilities
,,

(A) The cost to obtain the pass

(B) The types of access and services the
student will have
(C) The parts of the library that will
remain off-limits
(D) The ways to speed up processing of
the application
16. Which of the following is true about the
man?
(A) He wants to study library science.
(B) He cannot locate his library card.
(C) He has already graduated.
(D) He wants to take more classes next
semester.

i,

'

~~-iy~:.1.i,"- 224 Mini Test 1

J'''i''

[;ll;.;

''ill
~

17. Why does the man still need to use the

university library?
(A) He cannot get into any of the other
libraries.
(B) He is working on an independent
study project.
(C) He needs to finish a project before he
can graduate.
(D) He is taking very difficult courses this
semester.

15. What feature of the non-student pass

does the librarian mainly discuss?

administer: to manage or control

confirm: to check that something is correct

'

'

.'

18. What is a disadvantage to having

non-student access?
(A) It only includes access to the main
library.
(B) It costs $50 per semester.
(C) It requires the student to get a new
email address.
(D) It is only free for graduates of the
university.

i\lecessary Skills
l.'ll"lS.fJ.=..Y.=~oti'Sc2'Jr.1J.i"'~'<'<'?.-Ei,:.'-'>.\O.'i-'>'-':~;~!..i-",.,c.\"if!<'J\';(.d,,

_,-,: o',' -,,,

Understanding what a speaker is trying to achieve through what is said

Inferring a speaker's reason for saying a certain sentence or phrase
Using the context to figure out the real meaning of a sentence or phrase
Recognizing the tone of voice, intonation, and sentence stress that a speaker
uses to show his or her intended meaning

Function questions will not appear during the test. You will only hear them.
Listen again to a part of the conversation. Then answer the question.
You vyill hear a few lines of the lecture or conversation again.
Why does the
say this:
You will hear part or one line of the previous excerpt again.
The following types of function questions may appear during the test:
- What is the purpose of the
response?
- What does the
imply when he/she says this:
- What can be inferred from the _ _ _ _ _ response to the _ _ _ _ _?

Listen for the overall organization of the lecture or conversation and think about
whether the purpose is to describe, explain, compare, or give an opinion.
Consider the relationship between the speakers and the context in which the
speakers meet.
Use clues like intonation to help you understand the meaning behind the words.

Function Questions

225 - -

literature
Listen to a' lecture in a literature class. Fill in the diagram with the information that you

hear.

+Mfti'*

Key Vocabulary
flaw: a bad feature or fault
fortune: situalion in life
lighthearted: cheertul; not serious

clever: intelligent or inventive

ruse: trick

<Genre .

[Definition:

Example 1:

Example 2:
I

Definition:

'

Example:

1. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then

answer the question.

Why does the professor say this:

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

... I
I

,, I
!

To
To
To
To

provide an example
return from a digression
define an important term
give an opinion

2. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then

answer the question.

Why does the professor say this: \)

Example:

(B) To see if students are ready to continue

(C) To ask the students to participate
(D) To make sure students are listening
3. Listen again to part of the lecture, Then
answer the question.

Why does the professor say this:

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

To support a theory about the play

To introduce a quality of comedy
To suggest the information is wrong
To give her opinion of the play

(A) To announce a digression

Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.
.. --

--------------------,.----_,._w-----~--'4------,.-------"--~--'"'"------------------------,...,----

.-1

'.,\'!.i

+:1
it;i:'li

~\'b'

r~~iL 226

The professor defines a ______ as a category of art, music, or literature. She

mentions two different genres. First,
features a hero who experiences
bad things due to
in his or her character. Euripides was a writer of tragedy.
The professor also mentions comedy, which dealt with
. Shakespeare
wrote
comedies about confusion in love.

.
---..-------..-----------------....----- . ---..--.. -..--.. --............ _. ___ .............................
_______ ,, ______ ,, _________ ................ -------Chapter 3

',,
---------- - ---- --- -- ----- - ;------

History
'

~.11~;m~=~<>;-0gff~'~inlt"l~R-~-"'-lru"""'"'"Pi'J.~'.'':'-'"'"''''"

Listen to a lecture in a history class. Fill in the diagram with the information that you hear.

@@
Key Vocabulary .
employ: to hire
behind: the cause of
daring: fearless or adventurous

exploits: famous achievements.:

break out: begin suddenly

to

Definition:

Example 1:

<
; 1. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then
.
answer the question.

Why does the professor say this:

1

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

To compare two types of pirates

To explain the importance of pirates
To describe who the Sea Dogs were
To say how pirates earned money

2. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then

answer the question.

Why does the professor say this:

(A) To clarify a statement

.Example 2:

(B) To define a term

(C) To compare two points
(D) To correct a mistake
3. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then
answer the question.
Why does the professor say thi.s:

(A) To emphasize her impartiality on

the topic
(B) To criticize Queen Elizabeth
(C) To express her doubt about a theory
(D) To give an example of piracy at sea

Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

The professor discusses a group of
pirates called the Sea Dogs, who
stole from
. The Sea Dogs were hired by
of
England. They stole money from Spanish ships to try to hurt
. They also
took over Spanish _ _ _ __
Function Questions

227 ___,

Office Hours
1'
I

,ti~.

,,......

Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor. Fill in the diagram with the
information that you hear. @*'
Key Vocabulary
fulfill: to satisfy or complete
rigorous: requiring a lot of discipline and obedience
speclallzatlon: a chosen focus of work or study

Problem:

grant: to offer or give

advocate: to argue for

Solution:

1. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then

answer the question.

Why does the professor say this:

(I

(A) To suggest that the student change

her major
(B) To show his happiness at the student's
comment
(C) To suggest that the student has insulted
him
(D) To provide an answer to the student's
question
2. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then
answer the question.

Why does the professor say this:

(I

(A) To see if the student has time to

complete the major
(B) To recommend that the student not
add the major

(C) To determine if the student has taken

enough classes
(D) To see if the student has completed
the lab requirements
3. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then
answer the question.

Why does the professor say this:

(I

(A) To express doubt about the student's

abilities
(B) To provide a solution to the student's
problem
(C) To recommend a plan of action for the
student
(D) To ask the student to make a decision
quickly

Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

The conversationtakes place between a student and a professor. The student
approaches the professor in order to
about her academic plan. She
______ ti is class, so now she is considering _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . The professor
expresses concern that the student is considering doing this so
in her
academic career. He thinks that a
in psychology might be better.
------------..----- .. -------- .. ---------~-------.------------------------ .. ---------------------------------- --'"'
~\;_.~. ..--- 228 Chapter 3

Service Encounter
Listen to a conversation be.tween a st~dent and a university employee. Fill in the diagram
with the information that you hear. lit!ll"'
J{Y;;.c,: __-.

[:_;/,J<eyVocabulary
.
'\(W(''.->:,,-- .- ,
.
- _.-_-_.
~iit\?ruclal: extremely Important
~;,;:,tutor: private instructor < . .

get In touch:. to contact someone ..

via: through or using

- f~~f;S~-~-k up:._t~ get m8t91ied_ ~ith'

nl;.-,,,.,

Problem:

Solution:

1. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then

answer the question.
Why does the student say this:

(A) To describe his problem for the

woman
(B) To complain that the center does not
have enough tutors
(C) To find out ii the woman can help
him
(D) To ask the woman to help him write a
paper
2. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then
. answer the question.
Why does the woman say this:
(A) To assure the student that his request
for help will not be ignored
(B) To demonstrate how competitive the
writing fellow program is

(C) To show that the application does not

ask personal questions
(D) To explain how he can finish the
application quickly
3. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then
answer the question.
Why does the student say this:
(A) To find out why it will take so long
(B) To ask how he will be contacted
(C) To show his happiness about the
solution
(D) To answer the wom.an's question

Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

-------------------"-'" '"""" .. '....... ,, .............. ---..
....... --
----------------'"---.-------------------The student visits the Academic Support Center to request help with _ _ _ __
The coordinator suggests that he work with a
, who would be able to
walk him through the entire
process. The student fills out
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ , which the coordinator tells him will be used
a writing
----~------

~-----

fellow for him.

------------------------.

... ,. .... -........... -----------.. ------------------"-"--"--"-----~----------- Function Questions

229 __,

Environmental Science
,

Listen to a discussion in an environmental science class. Fill in the diagram with the information

that you hear. @sm+

Key Vocabulary
pop quiz: a quiz given without prior notice
evaporation: the process by which liquids change
into water vap9r

gaseous: made up of gas

current: a steady flow of air or liquid
. condense: to change from gas to liquid

>.rile Water cjC!e >.. I

,

-.,

,'

.,

,_.

'

Step 1:

Step 2:

Description:

Description:
)c

.,'

,.f,

Step 4:

Step 3:

Description:

..---

Description:
[

------1. Listen again to part of the discussion. Then

answer the question.

Why does the professor say this:

(A) To explain why she is revisiting a topic

already covered
(B) To show her disappointment with the
students' quiz grades
(C) To introduce a difficult concept
(D) To ask students to pay better attention
2. Listen again to part of the discussion. Then
answer the question.

Why does the student say this:

(A) To make sure the professor
understands him

(B) To see if his answer is good enough

(C) To ask for a more detailed explanation
(D) To show that he understands the
process of evaporation
3. Why does the professor say this:

(A) To offer another way to understand a.

concept
(B) To see if the students are paying
attention
(C) To describe the differences between
two processes
(D) To emphasize that the processes are
easy to understand

Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

-----------------------,-"''----------'--------------------------.. ---------------------------------- .. ,,The discussion is about the water cycle. The professor explains the process, beginning
with
, when water becomes
. Next, the water
________ and turns into a liquid again.
is the third step, in
which water moves in air currents. Last, precipitation happens when water

-----------.------------------------------------------------------------ .

\f1~--- 230
r;
'I~

Chapt.cr 3 _

-------------------------------~----

.. -

'

Psychology
...

L~~-.l':~~-~~~~ ')l;'~,'::\il>.'l=~ui;;\1,~l.m.'.;\<\,>;cV<;'1')',f''>'.,_-._-

;,._.,.,,--'

Listen to a lecture in a psychology class. Fill in the diagram with the information that you

hear. 'Ml'"'
~;)'

: .. Key Vocabulary

\~.;
f,:J:

famlllarlty: knowing someone or something well

convene: to come together
r,::::, consensus: a state of agreement within a group
~--'"'-

..

'!'...

Step 1:
Description:

Step 2:
Description:

Step 4:

Step 3:
Description:

Description:

<,::':. .

i~

,.f.\

~).

etncacy: the ability to produce a desired outcome

competence: being qualified or able :

1. Why does the professor say this: (I

.(A) To summarize "forming"
(B) To introduce group development theory
(C) To give an example of how groups form
(D) To explain how Tuckerman chose the
first stage in his model
2. Why does the professor say this: (I
(A) To provide another way to understand
the concept
(B) To describe the role of "growing
pains" in group development
(C) To compare two different stages of the
model

(D) To explain why this stage of the model

is called "storming"
3. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then
answer the question.
Why does the professor say this: (I
(A) To emphasize the difficulty of this
stage in the model
(B) To illustrate why groups become
stable at this stage
(C) To describe how group members
come to trust each other
(D) To show how one stage leads to another

Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

The professor introduces the Tuckerman model and describes four stages in
~---~--The first is "forming," which is when the group is _ _ _ _ _ . The
second is "storming," which is the time of
as the group struggles within
itself. In the third stage,
, the group begins to mature and form shared values.
The final stage is
, which is when a mature group is able to work together in
an effective manner.
--------------------------------------------~-------------

.. ------------------.-----------------------------------Function Questioiis

---- -,_. __ --:

231 - -

Office Hours
'
Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor. Fill in the diagram with the
information that you hear.

'"'"

Key Vocabulary
proctor: a person who watches over siudents during an .
. _ . ,'.: ~xaminat.ion

component: part

spare: to give or grant

object: to have a problem with
commitment: an obligation or promise

--------Solution:

Problem:

~---------------

1. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then

answer the question.

Why does the professor say this:

(A) To offer a solution to the student's
problem
(8) To try to understand the student's
problem
(C) To apologize to the student tor the
mistake
(D) To tell the student when the final will
take place

2. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then

. answer the question.

Why does the student say this:

(C) To explain her theater class to the

professor
(D) To prove to the professor that she is
very busy

(A) To clarity her problem to the professor

(8) To apologize for the misunderstanding

3.

~isten

again to part of the conversation. Then

answer the question.

Why does the professor say this:

(A) To assure the student that he will solve

the problem
(8) To explain why he cannot solve her
problem
(C) To recommend that the student find
another exam time
(D) To provide the student with a solution
to her problem

Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

The conversation is between a student and a
. The stude_nt points out to
the professor that he has made a mistake in scheduling
. The professor
is surprised to learn of his mistake, but assumes that it will not change a lot for his students.
The student does have
, though. The professor agrees to_ _ _ _ _ __
if they can _ _ _ _ _ the exam time.

:t

Service Encounter
Listen to a conversation between a student and a university employee. Fill in the diagram
with the information that you hear. +!f!t!li1!i
" ''""'

lfff;'i(~yvocabularv
~J~.';>:,.

- .

~;;c;.accommodate:

~i;:;abroad:

. .. : - .

overseas .. : .

"-

practically: considering facts; realistically

suffice: to meet the requirements

to provide a place fo( ' .

.-_:

lJ!i::
Institute: an organization with a specific purpose<
()Cb.:'\.
' ':
'
. '
Problem:

1. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then

answer the question.

Why does the woman say this:

(A) To imply that she cannot help the

student
(B) To ask the student to explain the
' problem
(C) To show the student that she is
concerned about his problem
(D) To change the subject of the
conversation

Why does the woman say this:

(C) To convince the student to live

off-campus
(D) To criticize the student for not coming
to the office earlier
3. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then
answer the question.

Why does the woman say this:

, 2. Listen again to parfof the conversation. Then

answer the question.

Solution:

(A) To inform the student of a housing

shortage
(B) To explain why she cannot grant the
student's request

'

(A) To give advice on how to solve the

problem
(B) To explain why she cannot solve the
problem
(C) To say that she will solve the student's
problem
(D) To insist that she is telling the truth to
the student

Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

The conversation takes place in the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ office. The student has come
there to request permission to
because he will be returning to campus

- - - - - - - The director agrees to

for the student granting
permission for him to
off-campus.
-. ---------- --------------- . .. --- -- .............. . .... ----- ---- .. ------ .... __ __ --------- ---------------- ...------.,

"

"'"

.,

Function Questions

233 - ' '

Astronomy
m'l&ii:;:i~~-!$1,g~~-\iiO.fil..'<J.\>:!N<f:>"i:!-.':""""'-'fl'-IN.'i';:w;;;,;

r:,-'<.;1:. .i',,,,:.~ .,\,

Listen to a lecture in an astronomy class. Fill in the diagram with the information that you

hear. 'i71i"I'
Key Vocabulary
undeirgo: to experience
reiterate: to repeat
luminosity: brightness

collide: to crash into

fusion: the process by which two different parts
are combined

Step 1:

Step 2:

.....

1. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then

answer the guestion.

Why does the professor say this:

;:.

(A) To express disappointment in the

students
(B) To explain why he cb9se the
topic of the lecture
(C) To suggest that the students study
harder
(D) To ask students to contact him with
questions

.-

Step 4:

Step 3:

'

2. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then

. answer the question.

Why does the professor say this:

.....

(B) To refute a common theory about star

formation
(C) To describe the characteristics of a
main sequence star
(D) To explain how stars increase their
energy output
3. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then
answer the question.

Why does the professor say this:

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

To ask students to participate

To make sure the concept is clear
To remind students to take notes
Toreturn from a digression

(A) To contrast the energy output of

younger and older stars

Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

------------h----"'"'------------,-------r----- .. --------~--------------------------------------------------~--The process describes the different
in the life of a star. First, the star
begins life as a protostar when energy is created by
. In the next
stage, fusion in the star's ______ begins, and the star becomes a
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ star. Next, reactions cause the star to get hotter and -_ _ _ __
'

''

:~!i'; Ii
,\l1 J1

Lastly, when the star runs out of energy, it.begins to die.

--------------------------------------..--.. -------------.. . . . . . . . . --------.. --..--..------------.. . . . . . . . . . . .------------.. . --

ffi,~-- 234 Chapter3

. d_:

~ :\

- ..... __-\_

_-,

,_, . -

,~--

1:._,.,-

Biology
~~~>'"&=<l'..tn;.il'i't1<W~li...-~~'-'W;~e;;f""-'1:'S,'.V)?,.~'i'<"';c''C:-"I'<'

..

Listen to a discussion in a biology class. Fill in the diagram with the information that you

hear.
'

15+u~1

Key Vocabulary
wrap up: to finish
order: a classification used in biology
aquatically: of the water

hind: at the back

evident: easy lo see

. OrderCetecea 1<j

I Point 1:
I Point 2:

=================================::.==;
~~int 3~--------.
,.
i'

I
I

1. Listen again to part of the discussion.

: Then answer the question.

"

Why does the professor say this:

(A) To help the students remember the
meaning of the word "cetacean"
(B) To explain why whales are cetaceans
(C) To note the origin of the word "whale"
(D) To clarify a difference between whales
and other anir:nals

. . 2. Listen again to part of the discussion.

Then answer the question.

Why does the student say this:

(I

{A) To show the professor she did the

reading
(B) To refute the professor's point about
dolphins

(C) To ask if cetaceans are similar to land

animals
(D) To give an example of a way to
identify cetaceans
3. Listen again to part of the discussion.
Then answer the question.

Why does the student say this:

(A) To ask the professor to explain in

more detail
(B) To tell the professor that she
understands
(C) To imply that she is not interested
in the subject
(D) To confirm that she already knows
the information

Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

__________, .... _.,_--------

' ' " " ' ' ' oo-'"'"' "'" , . , , , , , _ , . , . - . - - - _, Mc

" > - - - n M - - . . - - - - - - - - - - - - ' " - OMM- M0000 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,, _ _ _ _ _

The discussion is about the Order Cetecea. The professor gives examples of
_ _ _ _ _ included in the order. Cetaceans evolved from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ about
fifty million years ago. He describes some of the _ _ _ _ _ indicating that cetaceans
evolved from mammals. However, he points out that they have
other mammals. They do not have external _ _ _ _ _ , either.
----------------~

.. ------------

, unlike

------.. --------------------------------------------------------Function Questions

235

--1

I.

Necessary Skills
~a=1~ll!'.J=wRi>=mot1;1;~.c.<1fi~'')""'";;

~:c;,::,'.-''''''''

Understanding the speaker's general feeling about what is discussed

Recognizing words or phrases that indicate the speaker's feeling or opinion
Recognizing tone of voice, intonation, and sentence stress that the speaker uses
to show his or her feeling or opinion

Example Questions

Which of the following best describes the professor's opinion?

What is the professor's opinion of
?
What is the student's attitude toward
?
What is the woman's initial attitude toward the student's request?
What is the student's attitude toward the suggestion of
?
How sure is the man that the woman can
?
How certain is the professor that the student can
?
What can be inferred about the student?
Listen again to part of the _ _ _ _ _ . then answer the question.
You will hear a sentence or a few lines again.
What does the professor mean when he/she says this:
What does the student mean when he/she says this:

Strategies
Pay attention to adjectives and verbs related to feelings. These may help you
recognize words or phrases that indicate the speaker's feeling or opinion.
-> Example: A: The course Chemistry 204 was very helpful.
B: Yeah. I really enjoyed the classes with Professor Jones.
Guess the speaker's attitude by the tone of voice, intonation, and the sentence
stress that the speaker uses to show his or her feeling or opinion.
-> Example: (With surprise) You liked it? (The speaker does not agree.)
(Happily) You liked it! (The speaker is pleased.)
Consider the degree of certainty in what a speaker says.
-> Example: You want to know when it was discovered? Hmm, let me think.
Probably around 1600. (The speaker is not sure of the information.)

Stance Questions

237 - - ,

literature
Listen to a lecture in a literature class. Fill in the diagram with the information that you hear.

IMijjH!i

'

Key Vocabulary
groundbreaking: original; innovative
Implausible: not realistic; not likely to be true
narrator: someone who tells a story

consciousness: awareness of.one's own thoughts and

feelings
censor: to remove or change content considered to be
oflensive or illegal

I' Reafi~~'.andHenryJarTies I
I 1
'

Theory:

8"ppmt

<I

J
Support 2:

L.------------------

1. Which of the following best describes the

professor's opinion?
(A) She does not feel James's work is
given proper credit
(B) She is surprised by James's
capabilities as a writer.
(C) She admires James's character
skills as a writer.
(0) She is critical of James's unusual
characters.
2. What is the professor's attitude toward
unreliable narrators?

(B). She is indifferent about their existence

in James's writing,
(C) She believes they are an effective tool
to create realistic characters.
(0) She feels that modern writers should
use them......mqre often,
3. What is the professor's attitude toward the
stream of consciousness method?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(0)

She
She
She
She

considers it very unusual.

finds it easy to understand.
feels it increases realism.
does not really like it

(A) She does not believe that they are

different from other narrators.

Fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

The professor discusses

and his creation of realistic _ _ _ _ _ ,

James used something called an

narrator to make his characters seem
more like real humans. He also used a method called
, which resembles
how people actually _ _ _ __
----------------------------------------------.---------->----------------------------------------------------