Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
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We learn English.
We dont learn English.
Do we learn English?
Dont we learn English?
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We learned English.
We didnt learn English.
Did we learn English?
Didnt we learn English?
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:Subject+V1+Object+ extension.
: Subject +am/is/are+ V4 +Object+ext.
: Subject+have /has+V3+Object+ext.
: Subject+ have been /has been+
V4+Object+for/since+time+ext
: Subject+V2+Object+ext.
: Subject+ was/were v4+Object+ext.
: Subject+had+V3+Object+ext.
: Subject+ had been+V4+Object+
for/since+time+ext.
: Subject+shall / will+V1+Object+ext.
: Subject+shall be/ will be V4+Object+ext.
: Subject+shall have/ will
have+V3+Object+ext.
: Subject+ shall have been/will have been+
V4+Object+for/since+time+ext.
Present Tense
Past Tense
Future Tense
Am/is/are
was/were
Am to/is to/are to
Am to/is to/are to
Present Tense
Past Tense
Future Tense
Have/ has
had
had to
Tense-(mgq/Kvj)
Definition : Verb ev wqv msNwUZ nIqvi mgqK Tense
ej |
Tense cavbZ wZb cKvi| h_v t1. Present Tense (eZgvb Kvj)
2. Past Tense (AZxZ Kvj)
3. Future Tense (fwelr Kvj)
cZK Tense -K Avevi PviwU fvM fvM Kiv hvq| h_v:1. Indefinite (mvaviY)
2. Continuous (Pjgvb)
3. Perfect (cyivNwUZ)
4. Prefect Continuous (cyivNUgvb)
PRESENT TENSE
Definition : Verb Gi KvR eZgvb mgq nq ev nQ Gic eySvj ZvK Present Tense ej|
Present Indefinite
(mvaviY eZgvb)
Present C ontinuous
Present Perfect
(Pjgvb eZgvb)
(cyivNwUZ eZgvb)
(cyivNUgvb eZgvb)
Structures
i) Affirmative: Subject(KZv)Verb1 (wqv)Object (Kg)/ Extension (evKx Ask)
Example:
Note: Subject 3 rd Person singular number nj verb Gi mv_ s ev es hy nq, (He, she, it,
this, that ev Kvb wKQyi GKwU bvg evSvj mwU 3 rd person singular number)
s, sh, ch, x
Io
hy nq|
Note:
Subject 3 rd person singular number nj does not em| Ges verb mv_ s ev es em bv|
Exp:
Noun
Pronoun
Ze
Gi
[ Contracted Negative ] msKzwPZ ic Noun wKsev Pronoun Dfqi c~e eeZ nq|
Exp: 1) kvwKj wK wMUvi evRve bv? Wont
Shakil
Noun
Didnt
help you?
Pronoun
Auxiliary Verb = 24
Primary A.V.=11
Modal A.V.=13
Verb to be -
Verb to do -
Verb to have -
1
Can
Pnt
Prt
2
Could
Could
Pst
Pst
3
May
May
Pnt
Prt
4
Might
Pst
5
Shall
Shall
PrtPnt
Do,does / Did = 3
Present Past
Have,Has / Had = 3
Present
Past
6
Should
Should
Pst
Pnt
7
Will
Prt
8
Would
Pst
9
Used To
Pst
10
Ought to
Prt
11
Must
Prt
12
Need
Prt
13
Dare
Prt
Note: eZgvb "Interrogative + Negative" Sentence Gi msKzwPZ icB g~jZ eeZ nq| ZvB
GLvb cZK Tense -Gi Interrogative + Negative form -Gi Structures I Sentences msKzwPZ
icB DjL Kiv nqQ| ]
Exp:
Definition: Verb Gi KvR eZgvb PjQ Gic evSvj ZvK Present Continuous Tense ej|
Avwg GKUv Qwe AvuKwQ| - I am drawing a picture.
Structures:
i) Affirmative: Sub am/is/are V4 Obj/Ext.
Exp: Avwg GKUv Qwe AvuKwQ|- I am drawing a picture.
Note: Subject- I Gi am Ges Subject- 3rd person singular number nj is, Avi evwK Subject- Gi
are em| (am-nB/ is-nq, nb/ are-nI, nq|)
iii) Interrogative:
Exp:
Definition: Verb Gi KvR GB gv kl nqQ wK Gi djvdj GLbI eZgvb AvQ Gic evSvj ZvK
Present Perfect Tense ej|
Avwg GKwU Qwe GuKwQ|- I have drawn a picture.
Structures:
i) Affirmative: Sub have/has V3 Obj.
Exp:
Definition: Verb -Gi KvR eZgvb wKQy mgq ai PjQ evSvj ZvK Present Perfect Continuous
Tense ej|
Exp:
Avwg 1 NUv ai GKwU Qwe AvuKwQ| - I have been drawing a picture for an hour.
Note: evsjv wqv wP Present continuous Gi Abyic njI Present Continuous I Present
Perfect Continuous Gi ga g~j cv_K nj Continuous Tense G Verb Gi KvR Pjvi mgq DjL _vK bv,
wK Perfect Continuous -G mgq DjL _vK|
Exp: 1) Avwg wjLwQ | (Pjgvb eZgvb)- I am writing. (Present Continuous)
2) Avwg mKvj _K wjLwQ| (cyivNUgvb eZgvb) - I have been writing since morning.(Present Perfect
Continuous )
[ gyjZ me Tense Gi Continuous Ges Perfect Continuous ga cavb cv_K wqv wP bq eis
Continuous G mgqi DjL _vK bv| wK Perfect Continuous G mgq DjL _vK|]
Structures:
i) Affirmative: Sub have been / has been V4 Obj
for/since
+ time+ Ext.
Note: (nZ, _K Gi - since, Ges ai ev hver Gi For em ) A_vr mgq (1Uv, 2Uv, 4Uv etc), ejv
(mKvj ejv, mv ejv, etc), evi (kwbevi, Sunday etc.) gvm ( ekvL, Rvbyqvwi etc), mb (1998, 2010 etc.) Gi
c~e Since Ges Ab me For em|
Exp:
ii) Avwe` 2003 _K GLvb _vKQ| - Abid has been living here since 2003.
ii) Negative:
Sub
for/since time.
Exp:
Avwg 1 NUv ai GKwU Qwe AvuKwQ bv|- I have not been drawing a picture for a hour.
iii) Interrogative:
for/since time ?
Exp:
Avwg wK GK NUv ai GKwU Qwe AvuKwQ?- Have I been drawing a picture for an hour ?
Avwg wK 1 NUv ai GKwU Qwe AvuKwQ bv?- Havent I been drawing a picture for an hour?
PAST TENSE
Definition: Verb Gi KvR AZxZ mgq nqwQj ev nwQj hvi djvdj eZgvb bB Gic eySvj ZvK Past
Tense ej|
Exp: Avwg eB cowQjvg| - I read a book.
Past Tense
Past Indefinite
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
(mvaviY AZxZ)
(Pjgvb AZxZ)
(cyivNwUZ AZxZ)
(cyivNUgvb AZxZ)
Exp:
Definition: Verb Gi KvR AZxZ msNwUZ nqwQj Ges Gi dj GLb Avi eZgvb bB Gic evSvj ZvK Past
Indefinite Tense ej|
Avwg GKwU Qwe GuKwQjvg | - I drew a picture.
Structures:
i) Affirmative: Sub V2 Obj / Ext.
Exp:
Exp:
Definition: Verb Gi KvR AZxZ PjwQj Gic evSvj ZvK Past Continuous Tense ej|
Avwg GKUv Qwe AvuKwQjvg| - I was drawing a picture.
Structures:
i) Affirmative: Sub was/were V4 obj/Ext.
Exp:
Exp:
AZxZ msNwUZ `ywU KvRi ga AcvKZ c~ei msNwUZ KvRwU Past Perfect Tense nq|
Ges ci msNwUZ KvRwU Past Indefinite Tense nq|
Definition:
Zzwg Avmvi (mvaviY AZxZ) c~e Avwg QwewU GKuwQjvg (cyivNwUZ AZxZ)|
-I had drawn a picture (Past Perfect) before you came (Past Indefinite).
Structures
i) Affirmative: Sub had V3 obj.
Exp:
Zzwg Avmvi c~e Avwg Qwe AvuwKwb||- I had not drawn a picture before you came.
Zzwg Avmvi c~e Avwg wK Qwe GuKwQjvg?- Had I drawn a picture before you came?
Zzwg Avmvi c~e Avwg wK Qwe AvuwKwb?- Hadnt I drawn a picture before you came?
Note: Before Gi c~e Ges After Gi ci Past Perfect Tense eeZ nq|
Exp: Zzwg Avmvi ci (cyivNwUZ AZxZ) Avwg QwewU GKwQjvg (mvaviY AZxZ)|
-I drew a picture (Past Indefinite) after you had come (Past Perfect)
Definition: Verb Gi KvR AZxZ wKQy mgq ai PjwQj Gic evSvj ZvK Past Perfect Continuous
Tense ej|
Exp: Avwg 1 NUv ai Qwe AvuKwQjvg|- I had been drawing a picture for an hour.
Or,Definition : AZxZ msNwUZ `ywU KvRi ga AcvKZ c~e msNwUZ KvRwU wKQy mgq ai PjwQj Gic evSvj
Structures:
i) Affirmative: Sub had been V4 obj for/ since time ext.
Exp:
ext.
Exp:
FUTURE TENSE
Definition: Verb Gi KvR fwelr mgq ne ev nZ _vKe Gic eySvj ZvK Future Tense ej|
Exp: Avwg eB coe| - I shall read a book.
Future Tense
Future Indefinite
(mvaviY fwelr)
Future C ontinuous
(Pjgvb fwelr)
Future Perfect
(cyivNwUZ fwelr)
(cyivNUgvb fwelr)
Exp:
Definition: Verb Gi KvR fwelZ msNwUZ ne Gic evSvj ZvK Future Indefinite Tense ej|
Avwg GKwU Qwe AvuKe|- I shall draw a picture.
Structures:
i) Affirmative: Sub shall / will V1 obj/ ext.
Exp:
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Exp:
Definition: Verb Gi KvR fwelZ PjZ _vKe Gic evSvj Future Continuous Tense ej|
Avwg GKUv Qwe AvuKZ _vKev| - I shall be drawing a picture
Structures:
i) Affirmative: Sub shall be/ will be V4 obj/Ext.
Exp:
Avwg GKUv Qwe AvKuZ _vKev bv|- I shall not be drawing a picture.
Exp:
Definition: Verb Gi KvR fwelZ msNwVZ nq _vKe Gic Abygvb Kiv nj ZvK Future perfect
Tense ej|
1. Avwg QwewU GuK _vKev|- I shall have drawn a picture
Or , Definition: `ywU fwelr KvRi ga h KvRwU AcvKZ AvM m~Y ne mwU Future Perfect Tense nq|
2. Zzwg Avmvi (mvaviY eZgvb) c~e Avwg QwewU GuK _vKev (cyivNwUZ fwelr)|
I shall have drawn the picture (Future Perfect) before you come/ you will come. (Present
Indefinite Tense/ Future Indefinite Tense.)
Structures
i) Affirmative: Sub shall have/will haveV3 obj.
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Exp:
Exp:
Definition: Verb Gi KvR fwelZ wKQy mgq ai PjZ _vKe Gic evSvj ZvK Future Perfect
Continuous Tense ej|
1. Avwg `y NUv ai QwewU AvuKZ _vKev|
-I shall have been drawing the picture for two hours.
Or, Definition: fwelZ Kvb GKwU KvR Aci GKwU KvR iy nIqvi c~e ch wKQy Kvj ai A_ev wKQy mgq ai PjZ
_vKe Gic Abygvb Kiv nj c~eeZx evKvskwU Future Perfect Continuous Tense ej | cieZx KvRwU
Present Indefinite Tense.
Exp: 2. Zzwg Avmvi (mvaviY eZgvb) c~e `y NUv ai Avwg GKwU Qwe AvuKZ _vKev (cyivNUgvb fwelr)|
-I shall have been drawing a picture for two hours (Future Perfect Continuous) before you come
(Present Indefinite).
Bengali verb symbol: ev, e, eb
Note: _vKev (ev), _vKe (e), _vKeb (eb)
Structures
i) Affirmative: Sub shall have been/ will have beenV4for/since
time.
Exp:
-I shall not have been drawing the picture for two hours.
iii) Interrogative:
Shall/ will
for/since time ext?
Exp: Avwg wK `y NUv ai QwewU AvuKZ _vKev?
sub
have
been
V4 obj
Interrogative+Negative: Shant/Wontsub
objfor/since time ext?
Exp: Avwg wK `y NUv ai QwewU AvuKZ _vKev bv?
iv)
have
been
V 4
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Present Tense
Past Tense
Am/is/ are
Future Tense
was/were
Am to/is to/are to
2.
Present Tense
Past Tense
Have has
Future Tense
had
Have to/has to
had to
1. Verb to BE
Am/is/are
was/were
Present Tense .
Structures
i) Affirmative: Sub am, is, are ObExt.
Exp:
Appliance: AZxZ Sub Kvb Aev ev cwiwwZZ wQj evSvj was / were eeZ nq|
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3) m Amy wQj - She was ill. 4) Zviv Amy wQjb - They were ill.
Note: was, were GLvb Principal Verb ic eeZ nqQ| I Ges subject 3 rd person singular
number nj was Ab me were.
Exp:
1) Zzwg e wQj| - You were busy.
2) m abx wQj| - He was rich.
Structures:
i) Affirmative: Sub was / were object.
Exp:
Was I ill?
Will be/shall be (ne, ne, neb ev _vKe, _vKe, _vKeb,) Future Tense :
Structures
i) Affirmative: Sub will be/shall be ob ext.
Exp:
Am to/is to/are to
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(AmgvwcKv) (to):
EXPLANATION (evLv) :
DcwiD Sentence- hLb eenvi Kiv nq ZLb evi nZ cvi ev AvmQ (fwelZ) eviK wb`k Kiv nZ cvi|
GwU g~jZ evi eenvii Dk mgq, cwiwwZ I kvZvi DciB eZgvb wKsev fwelZ eySv hvq|
Note: GRb Future Indefinite Tense G cybivq mshvRb Kiv nq wb|
Structures
i) Affirmative: Sub am to/is/are to V1obext.
Exp: jvKwUK Acv KiZ nq|- The man is to wait.
ii) Negative: Sub am not to is not to/ are not to ob ext.
Exp: Zv`i KvR KiZ nq bv|- They are not to work.
iii) Interrogative: Am/Is/AresubtoV1obext?
Exp: GKRb gvbylK wK mewKQy KiZ nq? Is a man to do everything?
iv) Interrogative+Negative: Aint/Isnt/Arentsubto V1 ob ext.?
Exp: Qv`iK wK covbv KiZ nq bv?- Arent the students to study ?
Past Tense :
Structures
i) Affirmative: Sub was to/were to V1 ob ext.
Exp:
gqwUK Zvi cwievii hZ wbZ nZv|- The girl was to take care of her family.
SzgvK wK mviv ivZ wPv KiZ nZv?- Was Zuma to tense all through the night?
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2.
Have/ has
Verb To
had
HAVE
Appliance: Kvb Sentenc viv Kvb wKQyi Dci AwaKvi AvQ evSv j Have / Has em| A_vr Kvb evsjv
evKi kl " AvQ " ev " iqQ " DjL nj Have/Has eeZ nq|
Exp: Avgvi GKwU eB AvQ | - I have a book.
Note: Have/Has GLvb Principal verb ic eeZ nqQ| Sub 3 rd Person Singular
Number nj has Ges Ab me Sub Gi have eeZ nq|
Exp: i) CwkZvi dzji evMvb AvQ
ii) Zvgvi GKwU evox AvQ|
Structures
i) Affirmative: Sub have/has Obj ext.
Exp:
Note: Negative Sentence G Kvb ........ bB _vKj have/has Gi ci Not Gi cwieZ "No" em|
Exp:
Structures
i) Affirmative: Sub had obj.
Exp: Avgvi GKUv cyZzj wQj |- I had a doll.
ii) Negative:
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Exp:
Or,
Avgvi wK GKUv cyZzj wQj?- Had I a doll ? Or, Did I have a doll ?
iv) Interrogative+Negative: Hadntsubobj?
Exp:
Or,
Exp:
Structures
i) Affirmative: Sub shall have/will have obj ext.
Exp:
Avgvi AbK Aemi mgq _vKe- I shall have much free time.
gq`i Kx mwVK evaMgZv ne? - Will the girl have right sensibility?.
had to
Appliance: Subject K eZgvb wKQy KiZ ne A_vr evsjv evKi kl ne kwU DjL nj have to/has
to eeZ nq|
Exp:
Structures
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to V1 ob ext?
AvgvK wK KvRwU AvR kl KiZ ne bv?- Dont I have to finish the work today?
Structures:
i) Affirmative: Sub had to V1 ob ext.
Exp:
ZvK Z KvR KiZ nqwb| - He did not have to work in the farmland.
ivZziK wK evsK _K UvKv ZzjZ nqwQj ?- Did Ratul have to withdraw money from the Bank?
mvwKeK wK Zvi me nvivZ nqwQj bv? -Didnt Sakib have to lose everything?
Note : Have to/has to Gi Future from nQ shall have to/will have to.
Appliance: Subject K fwelr wKQy KiZ ne A_vr evsjv evKi kl ne kwU DjL nj shall have to/
will have to eeZ nq|
Note: evsjv wqv ic GK njI eZgvb ev fwelr evi evKwU eenvi cKvk cvq|
Structures:
i) Affirmative: Sub shall have to/will have to V1 ob ext.
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Exp: ebfvRb ZvgvK ivbv KiZ ne|- You will have to cook on the picnic.
ii) Negative: Sub shall not have to/ will not have to V1 obext.
Exp :
wggK mLvb K_v ejZ ne bv|- Mim will not have to talk there.
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