m

s
i
n
a
m
u
h
d
n
a
o
t
n
a
r
e
LLZ in brief
Esp

Ludoviko
Lazaro
Zamenhof
1859-1917
Esperanto - la internacia lingvo

Born
Bialystok,
Poland. In
Bialystok
lived
Germans,
Jews, Poles,
Russians. The
young
Zamenhof felt
a common
tongue would
help these
nationalities
live in peace
1
and harmony.

d
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Pla
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langu

900+
d von
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Hil
Bingen
1 78
1
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gue
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Desc
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et
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uni
rono
p

,
dr e
9)
2
6
1
(
appren

crire
artin
M
n
n
a
Joh
er
Schley
1879)
(
k
u
p
Vola

years
0
1
r
Afte
papers
s
w
e
n
25
oups
283 gr

Esperanto - la internacia lingvo

Leibnitz 1666
Ampre 1793
Sudre 1866
(Solresol)
Saussure 1910
(Novesperanto)
Hogben 1943
(Interglossa)
IALA 1951
(Interlingua)
2
Okrand 1984

r
a
l
u
g
Re

e
g
a
langu
granda
malgrand a
grandeta
grandega
grandeco
grandulo
mal grandulo
grandii
grandigi
ekgrandigi
grand

Esperanto is
some five times
easier to learn than
other languages
phonetic
without exception
flexible
logical (e.g. no
gender)

big / large
small [unbig]
biggish / largish
huge [megabig]
size [bigness]
a big / large person [bigman]
a small person [unbigman]
to grow / get / become large [to biggen]
to make big / enlarge [to biggify]
to start to enlarge [to embiggen]
Esperanto - la internacia lingvo


s
m
r
o
f
b
r
e
v
e
l
p
-as
Sim
You sang nicely
You have sung nicely
You had sung nicely
You did sing nicely
You did use to sing nicely
You were singing nicely
You used to sing nicely

-us

-is
-os
-i

Vi kantis bele
No. of irregular verbs
in
Latin
924
Italian
400+
English
283
German
170
French
81
Esperanto
0

Esperanto - la internacia lingvo


s
i
x
e
l
l
a
c
i
Log
football pitch / ground

futbalejo

cricket pitch / ground

kriketejo

golf course

golfejo

tennis court

tenisejo

swimming pool

naejo

running track

kurejo

shooting gallery / range

pafejo

bowling green

globludejo

bowling alley

kegloludejo

Esperanto - la internacia lingvo

place
=

ej

This is an
instance of the
ease of
learning
Esperanto.
There is one
affix ej to
express place.
There is no
need to learn a
host of
illogical
pairings. Why
cant we say in
English 5


s
i
x
e
l
l
a
c
i
Log

What are these

words
in English ?

brikujo?
fiujo?
karbujo?
benzinujo?
teujo?
monujo?
sagujo?

hod
tank
scuttle
tank
caddy
wallet
quiver

Esperanto - la internacia lingvo

o
t
n
a
r
e
p
s
E
f
o
t
i
r
i
p
s
e
h
T
e
g
a
u
g
n
La

Culture
y
g
o
l
o
e
Id

Esperanto - la internacia lingvo

Because a
language is
planned does not
mean it is
monotonous
incapable of
expression
lifeless
Many languages
contain planned.
non-natural
elements!
7

t
i
r
i
p
s
e
g
a
u
Lang

Acceptable
bicycle
I bicycled to town
I cycled to town
Puns
I biked to town
i suferas pro kataro (catarrh / kindle of cats)
less acceptable
literaturo (litera turo) (tower of letters)

Inventive
I trained to town
he put a mouse into the shoe
I carred to town
li metis muson en la uon
I bussed to town
li enuigis muson (en+u+ig+is / inshoe-ed)
(but
Flexible (word order / word forms)
equivalents
ni iris per trajno al la urbo
per trajno ni iris alacceptable
la urbo
in
al la urbo ni iris per trajno
iris ni al la urbo per trajno
Esp.)

ni trajnis al la urbo
ni alurbis trajne

ni trajnis urben
ni iris trajne urben

(the root trajn train is used here as a noun, a verb

and an adverb)

Esperanto - la internacia lingvo

t
i
r
i
p
s
l
a
r
u
t
Cul

Myths

An artificial language cannot have

a literature
Translated literature
Original literature
Magazines
Music

Esperanto - la internacia lingvo

s of
r
a
e
y
120
ry
istoartificial
hAn
language cannot
have a history
Ido-crisis
Kabe
League of
Nations
Dangerous
language
Conferences
9
Above all

t
i
r
i
p
s
l
a
c
i
g
o
l
o
e
d
i
e
l
h
T
neutra
ity

peace
equali
ty

Zamenhof (1905):
at our meeting are
Libert Egalit Fraternit
no strong nations or
weak nations, with
From the Boulogne
privileges or
Declaration:
without; no-one is
humiliated or
1. Esperantism is an attempt
embarrassed; all of
to spread throughout the
us feel as members
entire
of one nation, of
world the use of a neutral,
one family today,
human language which, not
surrounded by the
intruding on the personal
life of peoples and in no
welcoming walls of
way aiming to replace
Boulogne-on-Sea, it
existing national languages,
is not French who
10
Esperanto - la
internacia lingvo
met English, nor
would
give people of

a
e
d
i
r
e
n
n
i
The

Humphrey Tonkin,
president of UEA
(Warsaw, 1987)

Ultimately [Zamenhof's]
language was and is more than a
proposed solution to the language
problem: it is an attempt to
confront the spirit of inequality, of
intolerance, of hatred that is
tearing apart our world.

Zamenhof:

via a
neutral
language to
remove the
walls which
divide
people and
to accustom
them to
seeing in
those around
them simply
fellow

Esperanto - la internacia lingvo

11

m
s
i
)
d
n
i
k
(
n
a
m
u
H

Hillel: That which is hateful to you,

do not do to your neighbour. That is the
whole Torah; the rest is the
explanation. Go and study it.

Zamenhof: Declaration of Mankind (1913)

1 I am human, and all humans I regard as one family;
the division of humanity into races which hate
each other and into communities founded on race
and religion I consider one of the greatest
misfortunes which, sooner or later, must
disappear, and the disappearance of which I must
effect to the best of my ability.
2
In every person I see only that person, and I
judge everyone solely according to his or her
personal worth and deeds.
10 I am aware that the essence of true religious
commandments lies in the heart of every human
being in the form of his or her conscience, and
12
Esperanto
- la internacia lingvo contained in these
that the overriding
principle


e
g
a
u
g
n
a
l
We intend to establish a
n
o
m
set of neutral and human
C om
c
i
h
t
e
ethical rules, which could
n
o
m
make of humans humans and
com

which would remove the

Community of free
awful ethnic chauvinism
and the hatred and
thinkers:
inequality between
sincerity, tolerance of
peoples; but for this set
other beliefs and
of ethical rules not to
acceptance of a communal
remain peripheral and
moral code
totally worthless, like
to establish firm
many fine theoretical
religious neutrality and
principles of the moment,
prevent subsequent
we intend to give it the
generations from slipping
specific form, set for all
back into ethnic and
time, and able to be
Homaranismo to be discussed in Paris
religious chauvinism
in
1914 conference
cancelled because
absorbed
in childhood,
of
of war.
common churches /
an lingvo
automatically
13
Esperanto - la internacia
temples

m
s
i
n
a
Hum
To be a humanist is, fundamentally, to
love human beings; and to love them, in
the deepest sense, is to want them to
develop according to their own nature,
to have the desire to relate to them
and know them, to care for them, and to
respect them in their entirety.
All of these elements are to be found,
in an identical manner, at the root of
the Esperanto phenomenon.
[Esperanto] shows itself to be an
invaluable contribution to authentic,
universal humanism.
Esperanto - la internacia lingvo

14

h
s
i
l
g
n
E

s
k
a
e
p
s
e
n
o
y
r
e
Amazon has decided to re
v
E
locate
its customer se
Global spread of
to
English 'a threat
UK'
When we are in
competition
economically,
educationally or
sing
culturally, conver
is no
in English alone
gh.
Blo
randge
forrdenhou
ospital
staeff
2006-02-15
wedi
reanu,na
Th Guar
ble to
understand t
he
accents of A
mericans
brought in t
o advise
on working p
ractices.
Th
e Observer,
2005-01-16

rvice centre to
Cork in a bid to take ad
vantage
of stronger language sk
ills.
The workforce in Slough
doesn't
have the necessary poly
glotism
to deal with calls from
all
over Europe, it says.
Headquarters will stay
in
Slough, but 90 call cent
re and
support staff face relo
cation.
The move will create up
to 450
jobs in Cork. The Regi
st00
er,
10

ng
ni
20
ar
06
e
-0
s
303or
German doct
the NHS in
per day working in
e to
Norwich were unabl
l accent.
na
io
eg
r
e
th
d
an
underst
-05-16
The Guardian, 2005

Esperanto - la internacia lingvo

15

h
s
i
l
g
n
E

s
k
a
e
p
s
e
n
o
y
r
e
v
The majority of notices
E
in
En
A bus conductor
ing of
lamenting the pass
s said
the Routemaster bu
it was rare that
to him
passengers spoke
because many were
not
tourists who did
e
speak English. Th

glish [in Shanghai] are

either
wrong or misleading, re
ported
the English language Ch
ina Daily
(2004-07-23).

India
n
i
s
in
t
e
l
l
bu
s
70% of new
imed to be
la
c
s
i
h
s
i
l
g
En
where
i, not
d
n
i
H
n
i
e
r
a

d
widesprea
s used by an
i
h
s
i
l
g
n
E
h.
s
i
Engl
ot reflect
n
do
30
s
8w
e
-0
04
vi
20
e
s
,
o
an
Guardi
elite wh
rdinary
o
f
o
s
t
s
e
r
te
n
i
Just one fif
the
th of
n, 2005-11-16
a
di
ar
Gu
e
Th

s.
nurses from
Indian
India are
Police reported it was difficult
sufficiently
to investigate the Chinese
proficient i
n English
cockle-picker tragedy in
to work in N
HS
Morecambe Bay because the
hospitals wi
thout
survivors are not capable of
taking remed
ial
speaking English. The Guardian,
16
Esperanto - la internacia lingvo
language les
sons. The
2004-02-12

d
r
o
w
t
s
a
l
e
Th

Rabbi Hugo Gryn: Let

us tolerate our
differences and
celebrate our
similarities.

Why am I an esperantist?
entileco (common courtesy)
racieco (common sense, reason)
homeco (human qualities)
internacieco (internationalism)
Why am I a humanist?
pro la samaj kialoj (for the
same reasons)
Esperanto - la internacia lingvo

17

 http://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=
mu0NUEiEv_g

Esperanto - la internacia lingvo

18