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  • Chapter 1 Flexbility and Stiffness Method

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    ReemALMousawi
    12 vues34 pages
    bgwqas

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    12 vues34 pages

    Chapter 1 Flexbility and Stiffness Method

    Transféré par

    ReemALMousawi
    bgwqas

    Droits d'auteur :

    © All Rights Reserved
    Téléchargez comme PDF ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    sur 34
    - 7 ae — Ye sh Paes Melled ond Sleibility methed ibe Sosa el con ae fr the There owe basically feo differeal appraches analyns #f stvactues subjected to Londen. Sh ffhess or displacement method omed Flexibility or force meflod - Since Bu advent <— computes 7h stifihresy method bas been wed as prefewed Approach for ts adaphabilihy to PYogQYamrming oh KoyibaQ Gin puters - Coryider om stractiwe formed from ods 2E Uni form Cross-Section Pinned tosefley Each Youd os an eRnerh ond tu prinfs af Wid, ALa vods joi mc odes - The RE, that Hk node, owe pinned means trek only fenwon or Glupression fares Go We Avamstittedd te tha weds and Cauneb prongunit moments tare eve wo loendiuy stress ih Ka Yes: MG fee @ Fins, waeans @ A 2s, fs fig(1) Ley, fe Fle noes owe. numbered The clement hum beri ove Tin pve nade, ot Which flu Stractwe ah He oles placerat ere Gon strouned in paren theses Ay supprted and at Whi howe been exckaded fran tla numipenng sequcne to be 2ero Le ewe Interested in tla olisplacmet f sy ebohc Tose such loads ove sprectuwe produced by applied Qrad Fe ok yoke 2 ond G ot wade 3 The ode olisplaaiael ame specpred by ple lwrtarhtal omd verhcall ompanert, fr eompl uqand Uy at hedet Each bipiarrtsnet componeat 11 called a clegrce Ff Preedin . Sine tere! fur voces with tue ckgrees Fo freedom, FL Structure has eight kegvee f freedom . Th node forus owe Seo Stprecsed mn berms ZF horntel omd ver tycal components, for example Fay ond Fy af Wwe 4- Struckured euepneers Wowe emelysed problems Uleg Has Hi past Lens HY Flexbikhy Metlad Tha ~7 based on Hu following assumphons :— Any bad Cmpment Lill produce oft ple Cement jh 0M Lesrees fe freedom GP Strackune - h) Each clirplace met Uowiey Linrecwby with pe fora Producmsy i+. ©) Tre deflections gerereced by a number § Gsds Tha Sumy af foe deflections dred World oe produced by CAC Lad actins simply Lue nod apply these privtiples te dK Struck =f Fig) — Th xn helpful te nevmloer Hen despre af freedowy im Seorente accord to the Follawine, scheme hocde 1 hede 2 nede 3 Node 4 ' pce ees pete dks placemat component a We Ub uy yy Degree f freedom | ae 4 5 6 a Graidor Fiegp fhe node dis placement 4 ate pode 4. WE assume thek AE comprise fle Sum £ A splachets generefed by Wl pox eight force compres Lutnich ect jn Th obirection Go omd at prs eaten AS Pra Ayht olegree F Freecom. Ups Uyy +412 + U13t U4 ts + U6 +4442 —D uy 42 fx contribefion te 7 from the farce. Qrrespondins, fe Lepree G preeciom 2 thf Ay Fug Utz Ar try clfriofion fo uy for pix fore Corres poniny, to olegieee of Freechy 2 | @ “Hyd Fi ae Hla contribution fo uy fom Hk Farce Corres pondins fo degree F freedom & that vy Aig ang se on, Tere 4) a Linear velation Wetween Hh forces amd AW Ais placcme# Components Se A= Cn fur » A1r= Greky Use Te fr —@ Mw Cue une, thet ny displace / fares bdr 45 a flecibility se cy A called a Flecbility . CoefAiccet Cyq An Phe Aispheimet prodiced of 1 by a Ut Gree Fug amd C16 29 Pha obesplcciner prodiced at uy bg a Unit fore fz - We can substifede relation Ulee those Ih 4) For oll fla displaanred components in (42) amd then Uy= Cu Fart C2 Ay +013 Rare Cy Mar Cis Feng + 6 02+ Cig Fo 84 3) ere wil be velations Khe equation © for al) eight . dks plaaments far example Up = Ua + Ur2t Urs +e tls + ee +U27+ OF —® where for exemple Urs po flu LiephGinet af olegree fF freedom 2, phrabay Uy, produced by a fore at olegree a freedom = (that as fag). |n cor prrating Hu exppropraake flex sailiky Coeff ls in tm (4). gives Uy = Ce) fay + Cra Fi + Gam Fin 24 Pray C25 Fiz Cab v3 + Caz Eyat Cef #4 —&) slew 4 Ur = Ca) Fay + C22 My + O33 Fut Cou ier sfu3 C6 Fig 4Gp hag +C3r hy tn pereral, | Ge a ZeliMepd hy + Zchede Fy] Jel et 6) w/e wale Ve= 2 Ceara) Fay aca! aj Fy jn m2 te namber of, kagrers fe fredem- The ecaht equahons one expressed in a compat fashion Worry a brabrix formet Nadet Moder nto ones Ss ay Gy dey ly Sie Ste 4 | | Cyq—-—Cag2- C2 — C8 }- 0h es Mt Cap Cap 3 sa C3} C32 33- Gy —G-_C3¢ 3-—38 G Va f= feey Cua 43 Coy —Cas-——Cus- er hb Fy —® 43 sh O52 O53 O54 Es Cg 5 SE es - lop -Ck2 Ce. Gey Ce 0g ey a Fé oy one 43. Gu CoC pet C46 Fy 4 led ; ' Bada — Cp — Cs be 4 ey E vy Nodal : y disphamek Flenby lity motrin poded farce vechr- (Gs CeJ fey The metrix €9- (7) hos three powts (lwo ove named / Ha edad olisplecemen€ yectr Which x, ewray F all Hx Aisplacemet desree Ff Freedom ) He Fleloitih, motnx . its Gy Fleiility Coe PA crests ond node’ fort, veer Lic ny Fle ove FH trot Are Com ponettt. Thx, equafion has the Shuctwe fuy= (Col fF4 ol “Treoren asserts the A prof by Maxwell (nowh as Reciprse: In any stvuckwe the splacmetl produad of pat Say 2 by @ Pree at ansther pik 4 Ks HL Same as the @ oR Asglacineat ot mole 4 Produit by HA seine Fre ak mode 2. Tha effet sf fur princole on SO Fen bby Wobrix im e4-(F) Arte Conse pairs 2f Coe fRcie ts Whi howe flu Same vumence! suPecas bis ie Were orden b> ve equal, for example Caz = Crd» So Cre PRE thet Owe IW Wier Wmiage positrons Ih Yelefion to tly main haga of makax ave equ. Thr yeduces te nunbor F cortPeeks weeded to deKre We Wetwix, aoln CY £2 36. A wmadvix Pred tg He, srectve Uy called Sybmefnc, WE we Carle coOelete oly fli adres 5— Ces im 4-3) ond We Knew Hu applied forces ren we could Solve 4-4) Loy Fr WodeD disglac ments. Teh m o feasible wnt bediors process for Prime rer Uke thet Wm Aiy- G1)» Redbrer am verse velahonslig a> wed WACK Gimprises HAA shttvess meted TTS Sh €€yecs Method OOO TR agRress Wmellod 4 esed on or veleafon thaf Da Pe Inverse of That for Ha Heabihhy Wethrod « Wwe howe seen thed th Sheailaili ty Wmekhrod Was te strudwe fuy=Cel fF4 \a onivart, fe stfhess Wedled wields am eq rok on ath roy Wy eS fut = FFF —e [LT cy te Shiffness rrodax omdy the. plre Plenilei bby edn , for asfractore with & ckgree fF freedom hay 64 terms. So iff we expand (7) folly We oef Malet ede? wade eck 4 —— BS St kip — f Hite 3— ey. LES Aa ade a Fi Kap hee has hey Aes keg key hap WY fe z k «) dhe ha hay has ke 437 kage | (2 6 i . : ky kea keys king kage hing hae kus | | Ye G —@ | 4 w Gy. | spf e ment an aul tf | Ke) hee hey hey hs heey ke. hep oe oo vdeg 6 [Kar 90 dap & | (gece blk) fo PE he hie ki heb. dey hie M% fa HFfness L _ : L, “ m7 wodag Aiyplecrot fe a. ia vectoy «J Cuge FFF we aun develop om understomdry of $a sion fical of Pier matrix equabion if We brubtigls at one xf Pha ConstiteernT equations, far example thy third vow: Kea Mir kaa Yi pKa Ure kay Ver kasUze Age Uy+ kopla + keg ly Fs Jo fore, on right-Vond side of equation (10) Fee at node 2 jn flu ltrecthin sf obspleqgmet Uz. All Ha fern, fle perms on the Ltd ade musp be Fores: Tey owe tle contribfion + Fug ewinng froma ety EF etght olisplac met Uy to Vy. So fr example Zim th avecttou kar U) Hn tr Force Promsmitted te node fur by a dsplagmed Ui ef node t Simi lewly uaeuy Ar tu force pronsuntied to wdeZ tv ta divechoy ur by chsplamet Vy at nodes. ae ae : i Por divectio + milted to bode 2 in Hi Fes pranowited Oe ad and 438 Aur bo ao Hae evident thoefore Het om we duidad ain @® SRK a, @ vepresat ty tel fore prangwitted to —Lr—t—~—~—~—C—C—C—C—C—C—C—C—C—C—C—COCOCOC'dsCsC;CsC ek a\\ odes th MA Steuchwe TH has Ha Wnvewt Sense Ff - 5 é Lz fg) Uy 4 Ib Comprises an arvangemet sf eLosthc Vods Connected of nodes that owe humbered | to @~ Displaw node: by Uy Whilst al) bodes except 3 owe Fixeg Evddenhy jr Hen CWO ana Forus cme troahsmitted to bode Tt amd 4 loecame vods ans, 23 mad 3-4 all Change im lmgth, but ho forces owe transmitted fo nodes 56,2 nar rods connected to ode 3 «BY Some prineple , Hu only vody thef can fransint a force to rode J ame vwdes 1,2 and 4. Fer example Pf node 4 5 displaced with a|| her reodes 12,3, 4/577 md & Ared Pore. 2g promshart-ed fe hode 3 beCane 4-9 Chauges ng th » but if node GA, —rrt—~—~r—~S~si‘CO™SCOCOCiOCUisCrizsCiCsCONCsiCésiCs‘CNCséCéséNCiséSNi“iséaCi“iC*iésCi(C transis Hed +o node 3 pebecarse wone cf Flu Yods Connected be ik Change Gngth. TR thet # prs eden 2 Gd vo ee) ae 1 sHffuess meatn'x. We analyse astrictre in fle next Section iMastrefe. hoty the Zero ewe dertribfed in Sd féness metnn ih Ewe particule carts. Hine mnbereyting fe note paat the structed engineers toto Porvoo thn stiffness method for Srockures anelysis pecame i+ Leeds itself Wore Vendy te com puter avalyns Pron does Ha Pemwibiy meted, TTY chance hos cone abot through tle dvameke ineveare £ computer poser over vecar® decade, . tr cr the Aweak makes ob a Lrt—~—~—~—~—~—~”rzs~S—~—s—~—tizs—SC=iCrSCONQCiCisSYSCONCds WEED Wmaod A -com putational) point Tle poten of Bers im the SHfnes metrix has @ Significant tf on He conputer Ame vrecded & perform a Bute Lemek analyns 6 motnx Methad). TC. pesihon ff zeros we theched by the sequence gf numbering fle wader We Sn Mootrake tho by A simple example. Coneder asimph pin= jointed brass With & achue Wodes ou shun in 49-3) é z ? A z 49° (3) TRA Wodes ewe Wanbered jn tle Seq wn dicafed . Mow Connder Whach Wadd olisplaceimets wil) Crtibte to Pres ot node 45 F1.f2» from our earlier counderahons only only Aispla emet fF fe reav esti= nets, la baw 2, Fand & cay oo 50. Th aby plocentety at these modes Ur ve / Up/VZ wy AP emd uF Fo thy sHiffness coe fhaent na [#1 plygitey tose clisiplaamete in HX. Prop tee vows of the SAifiny motyix, Lulach ewe the equations for fa and Fe, will be non—Zeves al{ Sher cotfhuert 1 tose pe Pus will be per Fre dey erp lan + high herd ae keris $b) iy VEY i ag eh Ue Fax key Upt kre Uy + kyg uae ky Wy pha ls UE + key Var hy gp bee 4a intirectve bo set ap tn si fines matrix, see (€9- Il) below a UN y emd indicate Hu Reve cel how- Revo terms for Stmcture in &G). tole Wede2 Hodes hodeg Yoder odes hode? inode g wy Se oy US UU Mau mur Ppeptepper pepe rs Ve 3 P6008 Ok koe og } I 1 a a wader § ff * Pope tbe fo ee Py a nodes { re + KK he 0 0p alee ERIE 8-0-0 o hoa y§ [PTF Oe VEY) Jog oh POR O80 Be water { [6 Ho ee ale [2 foponpe ak Kok 6 oe OF Ee hod Pop te Bonar HH OB jac, cof ett MRA pi ey de | Fug ea , i rosea f /* tre © 0 60 «x ¥ ug. Fig “— = BOO g 0-0 yk Hg Fe rales f * 3 o> 0 O-e-g & Te ae Fr | rat ee 0 6 6-6-0 6 F eo [fee «| sad pd tT ~s “~ f- | te I 4 - : may | Thee owe 5 active woder MW Strckwe So there owe 16 egrets HH freedom ond thenefre fli shffnes mathx 4 lex IG. a presenting tH motnx equation Wwe have added le etek |) Wwe define fore bo tle right o> postive: keep ¢ As place AD The each fore ot wode CO needed #2 On 4 ue —@, TlH force xt J needed to keep Hy sPmIND 4 Ay gpvtn by Hn condition thet te resultant eae Hae GING A Revo- Theat 1 é FO pfhs ev pt - G2 ~hue —@ = Lyabriiin Nor Aix nade Cand move lode us see FH) ED, AE Wp ©) 2 4 eae BS fis) Tee tore Fy) ected to mantonn te elisplacemed uj an” GLKA __@ The force af & needed to maintain the Sprinsy in Slbeiay A apeen by cO, of. - ROL pe _ ths a Now Ut bb displace meds take pro uf sime bine they ter force a east bE He Sum af An Portes clue 42 dinphcerrent at &; (ke) amd Hon displaament ot jr) fated on be - L@us ® Similonty pla frre et moce j will be ,wnvs 24 -(4) 9 pon — uMer hus —& The pee equations (6) 10) for freer at ick can Wwe presated A Motrx Sorin - c® 9) Maou. ef ~ j _ 3 _|© 12) | wy Which fle geuered fer fr 4=UkF ful vohere (hI 4 cated the ch ffs) spring erred and Ck3= la “ lea, ar | un losis 2 the farce intyodaa IW Mode 4 duc Yo Umit displaced af vote 4 eas Ay HL foven (trodate ty rode 4% ANE? urt Lsglacmek 2 wode 2 De, protvin of the @ lery 2 An HA Fore Mntvedua in vode © dhe to Manik Xs placchewt «fF Wede 1 key TK SAL fee, Witredate imemode 2 due be amik As glaainedt of vode 2 Acorn te HA rect pyoce? Maver yr = Kay Th ANP Eness Mrokvix A. symetry Ved Lt 09 analyse pla Gnenr assembly -f sort iy A903) api fi a = 4 = tl =X 49G) Fay SG SIS EN OE numbered | Eo 6 and Por spring Lewy wumbered Som © t @ to Fe ow a thy Tle nodes owe Aormasched by Orrele, owe Ton opplied fortes ot Ho ve rede displramet ewe Ur te “5S No dey feed so Us=UT=O- wrife fle con dit des owe FA 4 amd T we on that Fle forces at enc mele Next we owe In om Ulrinin Seo i equailoviuwy at Wad - © Law ih cay veadily lee shun Hyeal Gey la maknx form we aun vite fu Uxy shfress matriy A Ror Member WM Licad Coordncdes as @_ EA | ue. Se wed 2 LC - I ] wtren Wa extemed Lands and A ave achinsy sitmultaieersy oA Member Wo, cy Showy Wel, tly displacements at node t,UW,owd node 2, Ups Car Woe Wihebed de Ba foyces eos Glyorvs 2 - y L ~p= as - ky2ve at BL "J ef fy = kara > kaze ey Wo Molin Sorin ee we #3 = EPL Fay XS Se Cowvdinate transfarmafon Before we Can assemble thy Local shiffhess mafnces ef ts Wemloeys oF ats inte he exobal strackowe eh tfress mabnx, aks Wmeaioey SPARES Wedax Mush Ve yoonsQoned from VHS Local comrdinage anes x/audy t> Pa mlebal caradrmedes axes % ond y Suppose, the Geel Koff member (my With ends Cand J makes an te of WIL tle QLsbaD axis os slroton in Rey pels. Denoting ti global x and 9 Gor dinefe, A ed € by Ke and YC and end > by Kj and D3 ALS ang tH Aivection fF Mi axis ef fle member In owe X3+ Xe : te Re : Nx ~ Gsx = 22 JO- xe) *s (y-9e)> hYy= Stil = Yin Ie Fegan) Tans ftorrrabn af ols placmet tue denite thy glob Asplacmets F and «fF Wode 5 by Garand Ve candy in ql pode Cn FHEX and 9 diver by U ant ue alsy ckerwle Hu his plein ent FF vodes divechun of Cea Nanis by a =S=S—=—sSs on shown in Aig above. TR glebed cmd LecoQ obis phrtiinet Can we veoted by al 7 Up = USS AER MAK fade Cesk wink 2 oy ua 2 3 Cos ting [MC] Ul = Ur cose + Ve Hw Uy ) In mobrig farm [ p _ Z wee fad aC I [MG wleore fu4=fui on) u . Ax dy S y crete ea tugs fat Ly @ \2 Tians formation of forces », een Lt A bef. force at ond Cog te member ie He derechian of Hh Lek x axis nd FE md Fa be He Pores aot pL. same tnd ec in tu divecron F glob amis K ond Fig. bebo we can write Py= Fr wx Fea Fi Ginn : Sime ilowly ¢ Phe aloo’ component af foras of end S> Fy cmd Fy owt Velabed te th fre Fein He divekion af “cal x! axis by Fa = fo ose Fu = fa ann X¢ xs Dn mabrix form. Fi Axe f Bye |e A rs > x o Ay i =U 5 "eee von CE Aa te Coluitan veckor of member forces jn the ole bel Coordinate s & oa substituting tay =t7 7) Lud jute equation Ff. 2 Gu) oy 3 f?#7 =ck 4 (Kd yields [et betacs wap Coca? leat &) wT, Sabspitding ep ccante pFG =CTI FP Ge) | om) &) fFp= oT] re LT I ful ov um) ba (md) fe =(k Tele fu 1 Ww) pobrere kin Ay pla tment ber pa pfives mobrx in 9? Coordinabes a on cae" CT IC Tocag EO aw any 2 Per oI Ss ACobal o Ax €@ (-t J 5 5 Oe OS = ay et Ln Leo lige EA dy, ne ~bm — tuhwe Cadx » mn stintuwe stiffnes wetnk By assembling Le Pr. jnember meFnes 1 ie a oubl Shracdme shttnest wen 2 Zk k = Ss tule MM Ar Py PPM Meamboers . = jn flr Sprackewe Tha equilibrian, equation in tle global coordinates becomes 7 Fe KU Wwe an Where FA the TAaKl Column mater af te external Woda Lovers ond OG HC TA Xd clumn maknx F MVaQ dis place mers Mle dins, Aa Yestyatne Rsplagmets. Vn xy the Wutuber hedes ih fli Shade. TIS denies =f AK Stade shes Mabay | ave 2Nux 2M - Pow Hows BALL eqntloniony node rf gel a eee ae ere err PT ect ’ 5 4 oo 4 | 2| a Be. 4 6 r rp 4 t | } 3) ke 6 iti ® wo} e o & 2 4) ole BB @ I 6 4g i { 5 tw 3 Hg es ig Pp. | | 6] ei» 8 6 Ls A 1} yl | | 6G | a oe re OP He a] | a ka ° &G iG & hie | @ g, hy ® a K Po 8? 4a Re Assemblege af of Stractuve matrx im & -~ 8@—o— ° i 89 % me fy ee ue ee SS tn glob axis Plane Frames Member swféness matny Se —rLrt—~—~—~—~—~—~—~—C—C—CSszSCSdsS Frame Ay Sworn in Fo: beluw Tha Local mimber anise awe Kf amd 9 Tha global Cosvdimakes axmse owe % amd Yo TO crass. sean ower £ Se ee epee tee ee he) gies tree end, Forces and jkew Corves ponding, is placements awe. wBed in Rey. bebu. At end dc , there axe, asicl fave Py , shea Bree Fey omel bending moment fy with Girespandiny deel acemet 7 Wy Vi ond 2s vespectuely . S wey Toke d 3, there owe axi\ Rarce fy , shear fora fe ond bendvs wnument fe Wie cores pindina Lisslacemets ave deatsn i their posible Mvechous . SHFress coe fReauts ave , by defurhun , Pres Wweaked by unit displaccmets and YoteNons a4) SH fress Cefhiccets due to aunt cri! displecmet a fig: below shows $a SH FEnecs Coe FRicet ku ond key, Bee te unt axial ed placement ed end @ jy the dtecchin Fi loc 4! exe iyrry Hoek 2 lee ik Coen camhy be chown. x - A hy a EA a wa / 1 oe Simailowly , HL SH fhnesr coe FAcels kyy and kiy doe Sa eart crniod dis placomel ut end} ef fla memty 0 FO BiveBon of Creal x cus ane pbteined ery, EA Ky = Ss 7 UBS a SAFPACS CoABeiets hue fo a Unit Hransverce. ais phiceine Fig below chows pla sp fnes coef fiecety 422, hay ASL pemd ker chee to unit transeerre dis plac met ab He brection of pu Col ¥/oxis. Using simple Bernall Eisler beam pheory We can write ad & in kore SEE ot Cu ey he hep 2 REF Bae baht ont £ os GE LA (HEL AG 2 WSS kane CFE MAE eA ie ee BE Mae ee? Similowly ; ph Stiffness eePhaents kro, kas, hs rom d Mes duc to aunt tramsevse displacmed af end J «fF +4 Metabo iy the dverbon of local yams ewe obtained Ngee nw REE Chay Shin BP J a : c Chas = - e2E wi Cay Sa aq) BUFFERS Coe thet due 4. aunit robaton, Fig. beGoro shows Ta stPtress coe Pfaety kes) kes, and USs duc to aunt Voedton of end 6 Ff thy wing tle simple Rernonlle~ Caley beau, Pa eory We can Wrile Mew ber. Again, Simi lewly , thy stiffness weficet kre , kerb; kseoud 2 b ye Nee due to aumih Wotton of end 5 sf tk member wv Shtnined on a , Cer i éee Peg 7a cH 4er a fi Ee } ° _ ~IZEE SEE 5 a f6 a €)\ “23 7 ee ee i L th mobrix frnr i é Gr) a) ¢ eee = CF JKG Covet Trews formotimn & Asplate mets We dense te global displacmeds & wode ? in thx glebl x amd Y divection by Ul cmd U, end of rods bby BL md UL ay shown Cy Ry shove: We also dendte Ge) SS HA dlisplaamets gf node Z in divechous of lal x/omd Yf curs by Uh and Uy , respectively ~The glabland Goal nodal) chi, placements «fend @ can be Written by Us Sse +i wind Vo = 4 BNA AV Cos Bivee tha global 2 avd Cocall 2% aye Coimecdeut, Ply Aaton a about eoule AA He seme a Wao Ff alot 2 axis _ B= O Sie eee oe! Loco adel bgp acre af end 5 can be velaked ayy us = Kr WSK + NU FINA Ula — Ur Sind + V2 st 7 On= Oy In rrokrix form. ko al Ya AN 6 3 ° * d ay AK ao}? i 2 \ oy eo oe \ yD? a a j a us } se AK ay 0 ua z ue ° a —S=—s—sesese Vy Ov oD wher pe GX\ Sxe 6x\ ga en Aen ee a _=S=S=S=S=sétée Forces of end @ ff fly member (i Hen hivechion of He Ceol x! amd Y “Axe , yeopecvely , Fi ond Fo be ta Bras af tle same rode iv divectten fle globe x and Y axes oy shown WW Ag- bed. We Gu Write. end Ct tla z ok #z se Fiosa Fin fi can frond Fi = 4, gna + Arosa Fina tle gy bohale and Haws Coinede , flu ben diy movie af end? abut 2 Oke, Ea gi some ace bending moment alot 2° avrg. m-8 Bre by AK 3666 cmpnents f Frees afend s Fa + Fe and Fe are velafed to Hu Pres Pay Pod b intl divection Fo Cal xound Soe by Fa = fy ary. ED nx Fo= fy om cos A Bog! + £0 ces aioe a3) Ty wrotrx Lym 8 a ye le a 4 Fe MH Ay 2 le 2 a 5 ee Fu se me 7 7. \ Ay Fe ee a | fe Gn) wT fy) pepe 7/4") 6x 6x God scuhichey

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