SHOULDER

Definition
Shoulder dislocation briefly define as poping
out of the humeral head from the shoulder
socket. It caused by any conditions e.g the
shallowness of the glenoid socket, the
extraordinary ROM, underlying conditions
such as ligamentous laxity or glenoid
dysplasia, and the sheer vulnerability of the
joint during stressful activities of the upper
limb.

Nalyagam S. Principles of Fractures. In: Solomon L. Apleys System of Orthopaedi

and Fractures. Ninth edition. UK: 2010. p 587

History

Shoulder dislocation is documented in Egyptian tomb

murals as early as 3000 BC, with depiction of a
manipulation for glenohumeral dislocation resembling the
Kocher technique. Hippocrates detailed the oldest known
reduction method still in use today and advocated treating
chronic shoulder instability with cauterization of the deep
tissues of the anterior shoulder.
Historical techniques to reduce dislocated glenohumeral
joints have been shown to be safe when applied correctly.
Kocher's method as originally described in 1870 did not
involve traction and fell into disfavor when complications
occurred with the application of large forces. Most
dislocations are anterior, but less frequently, posterior,
inferior (luxatio erecta), superior, and intrathoracic
dislocations are also possible

Epidemiology
The shoulder is the most commonly dislocated major joint
of the body, accounting for up to 45% of dislocations.
Most shoulder dislocations are anterior; this occurs
between eight and nine times more frequently than
posterior dislocation, the second most common direction
of dislocation.
The incidence of glenohumeral dislocation is 17 per
100.000 population per year.
Incidens peaks were found in the age-group 21 to 30 years
among men andd in the age-group 61 to 80 years among
women.

Koval, Kenneth J.; Zuckerman, Joseph D.Handbook of Fractures, 4th Edition.

USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2006.p. 172

Anatomy

Koval, Kenneth J.; Zuckerman, Joseph D.Handbook of Fractures,

4th Edition.
USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2006.p. 172