SingleSingle-Phase Rectifier

Half Wave:
Beban Resistive:
tegangan rata-rata
Tegangan rms
Beban Inductive
Freewheeling Diode

Single Phase Rectifier

Dr. Ir. Mochamad Ashari, M.Eng.

Dept. of Electrical Engineering

Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology (ITS)
Surabaya

Full Wave:
Performance parameter:
tegangan rata-rata
Tegangan rms
harmonisa
Filter:
Inductor (L)
Capacitor (C)
LC

Fullwave Rectifier 1 phase, Dr. M. Ashari T. Elektro ITS

Half Wave Rectifier

V o avg =
V o rms =

1
2

V m sin td t =
0

1
2

[V

Vo avg
R

Pada periode positif, inductor dicharge

Vm

Saat t=, arus di induktor masih

tersisa shg diode tetap menyala

sin t ] d t

1
= Vm
2

I o avg =

Inductive Load

Diode off setelah arus Io turun

mencapai 0 pada t==(+)

2 V
1 1
0 2 2 cos 2 t = 2m

V o avg =

I o rms

V
= o rms
R

Fullwave Rectifier 1 phase, Dr. M. Ashari T. Elektro ITS

1
2

sin td t

=+

Vm
[1 cos ( +
2

)]

Fullwave Rectifier 1 phase, Dr. M. Ashari T. Elektro ITS

Inductive Load

Free Wheeling Diode

Persamaan arus Io dapat dicari dari

respon waktu:
Arus steady state (iSS)
iSS =

(R

Vm
2

+ X L2

Selama periode positive, inductor

di-charge
Pada periode negative, diode Df on
dan arus mengalir ke R. Inductor didischarge
Diode utama off tepat pada t=

L
sin (t ), = tan 1

Arus transient (iTR)

0=L

di
+ iR,
dt

iTR = Ae

Arus Total, i = iSS + iTR

i=

=+

R
t
L

R
t

L
sin(t ) + e sin
R +X

Vm

2
L

Fullwave Rectifier 1 phase, Dr. M. Ashari T. Elektro ITS

Full Wave Rectifier

Fullwave Rectifier 1 phase, Dr. M. Ashari T. Elektro ITS

Uncontrolled Rectifier Beban R

Single Phase Full Bridge

Rectifier:
Uncontrolled
Semi Controlled
Fully Controlled

Performance Parameters:
Tegangan dan arus ratarata
Tegangan dan arus rms
Ripple
Harmonisa

Macam Filter:
Beban R murni
Filter L
Filter C
Filter LC
Fullwave Rectifier 1 phase, Dr. M. Ashari T. Elektro ITS

Fullwave Rectifier 1 phase, Dr. M. Ashari T. Elektro ITS

Tegangan ratarata-rata

Tegangan rms

Tegangan dan arus output rata-rata

V ave =

I ave =

1
T

f d =

2
2

Tegangan dan arus output rms

sin td t =

2V m

V rms =

Vave
R

I rms =

Fullwave Rectifier 1 phase, Dr. M. Ashari T. Elektro ITS

Ripple
Ripple atau riak gelombang
adalah distorsi yang
menyebabkan tegangan dc
menjadi tidak murni
Tegangan dc tak murni =
tegangan dc + ripple
Besaran ripple:
Ripple factor (RF)
Peak-to-Peak Ripple

Fullwave Rectifier 1 phase, Dr. M. Ashari T. Elektro ITS

1
T

(V

sin t ) d t =
2

2
2

2
m

sin 2 td t =

Vm
2

Vrms
R

Pdc = Vave I ave =

2
Vave
R

Pac = Vrms I rms =

2
Vrms
R

Pdc
Pac

Fullwave Rectifier 1 phase, Dr. M. Ashari T. Elektro ITS

10

Ripple Factor

Vripple

Ripple Factor
Benilai Nol apabila
berupa gelombang DC
murni
Bisa bernilai lebih dari
100%
Gelombang dc murni
mempunyai harga ratarata=rms

Vdc

11

Fullwave Rectifier 1 phase, Dr. M. Ashari T. Elektro ITS

V
RF = rms 1
Vave

12

PeakPeak-toto-Peak Ripple

Harmonisa

Besar riak gelombang

dinyatakan dalam selisih
harga tertinggi dan terendah
komponen ac-nya.
Dinyatakan sebagai %
terhadap harga rata-rata
Contoh gambar disamping:
Teg. Vave=10 volt
Vpp-rip = 2 volt (20%)
Vmax=Vave+Vpp-rip
Vmin=Vave-Vpp-rip

Harmonisa:
gelombang sinusoida
yang mempunyai
frekuensi kelipatan
integer dari frekuensi
utama
Sinusoida dg frek utama
Komponen fundamental
(harmonisa ke-1)
Sinusoida dg frek 2x frek
utama Harmonisa ke 2
Dan seterusnya

Fullwave Rectifier 1 phase, Dr. M. Ashari T. Elektro ITS

13

Fullwave Rectifier 1 phase, Dr. M. Ashari T. Elektro ITS

Deret Fourier

Deret Fourier

f (t ) = a0 + an cos(nt ) + bn sin (nt )

f (t ) = cn cos(nt + n )

n =1

n =0

f (t ) = a0 + (a1 cos t + b1 sin t ) + (a2 cos 2t + b2 sin 2t ) +

f ( ) = c0 + c1 cos(t + 1 ) + c2 cos(2t + 2 ) +

(a3 cos 3t + b3 sin 3t ) + ...

a0 =

1
2

f ( )d
0

an =

f ( ) cos(n )d
0

Fullwave Rectifier 1 phase, Dr. M. Ashari T. Elektro ITS

14

c3 cos(3t + 3 ) + ...

bn =

f ( ) sin(n )d
0

15

c0 = a0

cn = an2 + bn2

0 = 0

n = tan 1

Fullwave Rectifier 1 phase, Dr. M. Ashari T. Elektro ITS

bn

an
16

Harmonisa Tegangan Output

Spektrum dan Harmonic factor

Contoh:
Tegangan output
uncontrolled rectifier beban
R murni

Besaran untuk mengukur

harmonisa:
Harmonic Factor (HF) atau
Total harmonic Distortion (THD)

f ( ) = v(t ) = Vm sin t
a0 =

an =

1
2

v(t ) =

f ( )d =
0

2Vm

2Vm

bn =

f ( ) cos(n )d =
0

0 t

4Vm

Vrms = V12 + V22 + V32 + ...

f ( ) sin(n )d = 0
0

THD = HF =

(n 1)(n + 1)

n = 2 , 4 ,...

THD = HF =

4Vm
4V
cos 2t m cos 4t ...
15
3

Fullwave Rectifier 1 phase, Dr. M. Ashari T. Elektro ITS

2Vm

17

1
V22 + V32 + V42
V1

1
2
Vrms
V12
V1

Fullwave Rectifier 1 phase, Dr. M. Ashari T. Elektro ITS

Harmonic Spectrum
18