1

Running head: ANNOTATED REFERENCE

Annotated Reference List

Jorge Eduardo Gijosa Prez
The University of Texas at El Paso

2
ANNOTATED REFERENCE

Allhoff, F.(Series editor), Jacquette, D. (Editor), Introduction: What is cannabis and how
can we get some?. In Cannabis - Philosophy for everyone : What were we just
talking about? (pp. 117) Edition 1. Retrieved from
http://www.utep.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=644941
This is a book edited by a Dale Jacquette who is professor of philosophy at the
University of Bern in Switzerland. The book itself compiles many essays that
discuss the philosophical issues that accompany cannabis as it is being noticed more
and more by society. The chapter cited explains what cannabis is, its recreational
effects and how one can obtain such substance. The cited chapter also explains what
the essays contained in the book are going to discuss and some of the editors
personal experiences with recreational cannabis. This source is important to my
research because it answers what cannabis is; which is one of my research
questions.
Barnes, R. E. (2000). Reefer madness: legal & moral issues surrounding the medical
prescription of marijuana. Bioethics, 14(1), 16-41. Retrieved from http://0onlinelibrary.wiley.com.lib.utep.edu/doi/10.1111/1467-8519.00178/epdf
This is a philosophical essay that argues how it is not plausible or ethical that
medical cannabis legalization is withheld. It discusses this from various points of
view and attacks several of the most common arguments, such as arguing that
legalization of medical cannabis would increase recreational cannabis consumption
and because of that medical cannabis should not be legalized. It also argues how the
government should not be allowed to obstruct doctors from prescribing it for certain
ailments as the evidence shows it is sufficiently safe, effective and endorsed by a

3
ANNOTATED REFERENCE

relevant percent of the community. This is useful to this research because it provides
a positive bias to medical cannabis legalization and has a very strong logical
approach.
Borgelt, L. M., Franson, K. L., Nussbaum, A. M., & Wang, G. S. (2013). The
pharmacologic and clinical effects of medical cannabis. Pharmacotherapy: The
Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, 33(2), 195-209. Retrieved
from:
http://www.members.wsma.org/doc_library/LegalResourceCenter/MedicalCannabis
/Med%20Mar%20-%20Pharmacologic%20and%20Clinical%20Effects.pdf
This is an article about the clinical effects of cannabis. In it, the researchers expose
the components of cannabis and its effectiveness in treating pain and spasticity.
While cannabis does help relieve pain in its high concentrations and no severe side
effects occur from its use it is concluded that it might not be the best medicine for it;
in the case of spasticity, cannabis proved to be quite effective to treat multiple
sclerosis spasm, but evidence is limited on spasm related to other types of illnesses.
The authors are greatly concerned about the possible side effects of misused
cannabis such as psychosis, and claim that the current health systems are not
prepared to control it. This is useful to my research because it answers what clinical
effects are produced by cannabis.
Cerd, M., Galea, S., Hasin, D., Keyes, K. M., & Wall, M. (2012). Medical marijuana laws
in 50 states: investigating the relationship between state legalization of medical
marijuana and marijuana use, abuse and dependence. Drug and alcohol dependence,
120(1), 22-27. Retrieved from: http://0-

4
ANNOTATED REFERENCE

www.sciencedirect.com.lib.utep.edu/science/article/pii/S0376871611002742
This is a journal that correlates data from each states and analyses whether or
whether not Medical cannabis legalization has substantial effects on its abuse, use,
and dependence. The results show that medical cannabis legalization in a state is
related to higher rate of use in that same state and a higher rate of use is indeed
related to a higher rate of abuse and dependence. It is unclear if the relationship is
causal or it does have a common cause. This is useful to my research because it
gives insight on what could happen if medical cannabis were to be legalized.
Caulkins, J. P., Kilmer, B., MacCoun, R. J., Pacula, R. L., & Reuter, P. (2012). Design
considerations for legalizing cannabis: lessons inspired by analysis of California's
Proposition 19. Addiction, 107(5), 865-871. Retrieved from:
http://www.antoniocasella.eu/archila/Caulkins_2011.pdf
A scholarly article that explains the certain considerations that governments around
the world must take about legalizing cannabis in general (recreational use, medical
use, growth, and derivate production). The study lays out the goals of general
cannabis legalization, such as eliminating arrests, and undercutting black markets
and associated harms from corruption and violence; it also discusses two main
topics that revolve around this issue such as cost reduction and consumption
increase. This is useful to my research because I can use it to provide an argument in
favor of medical cannabis based on the possible good sides of cannabis
consumption increase or its legalization.
Gorman, D. M., Huber, J.C. (2006). Do medical cannabis laws encourage cannabis use?.
International Journal of Drug Policy. 18(3),160167. Retrieved from

5
ANNOTATED REFERENCE

www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955395906002118#
This scholarly article correlates two data streams to try to find if medical cannabis
laws encourage cannabis use. The study correlates data streams from arrestees with
data streams from patients to see if the use of cannabis had changed after the
implementation of the law. Evaluated in 3 states over a lapse of 8 years the results
showed that the implementation of the medical laws was not associated with an
increase in the use of the substance. However it is specified that the reach of this
study is limited because it cant analyze the non- criminal non-sick population. This
is useful to my research because it provides a point of view on wath could be the
effects of legalizing medical cannabis.
Kashyap, K., & Kashyap, S. (2014). Medical marijuana: A panacea or scourge. Lung
India, 31(2), 145-148. doi:10.4103/0970-2113.129843
This is a scholarly article from two researchers from India. In this article the effects
of cannabinoid intoxication are explored and described such as attention span
reduction, impairment of psychomotor abilities and pharyngitis. It also talks about
the health risks of smoking cannabis such as increased risk of bronchitis,
chromosomal damage and psychosis. The researchers also explore the medical
benefits that have come from it such as increased appetite in AIDS and cancer
patients, control of nausea and emesis caused due to cancer chemotherapy. The
article concludes that further trial and research are required to assess the true
benefits and risks of medical cannabis. This research is useful to my objectives
because it contrasts the medical advantages of cannabis to its possible side effects.

6
ANNOTATED REFERENCE

Stanley, J. (Director) (2013, October 17). The surprising story of medical marijuana and
pediatric epilepsy. TEDxBoulder 2013. Lecture conducted from TEDx. Retrieved
from Tedxtalks.ted.com/video/the-surprising-story-of-medical

This

is a lecture by Josh Stanly who bred a strain of cannabis nicknamed charlottes

web which is almost entirely based on CDB with almost no THC which means
there are no psychoactive effects because of its consumption. Stanley claims that
this plant is completely beneficial to pediatric epilepsy patients and can practically
reduce seizure occurrence down to zero with constant usage. Stanley also argues
that legalization of medical cannabis must be pursued to allow free movement of
those who require it and easily obtainment for others who might need it. This is
useful for this research because it gives supporting argument for the need of more
research on medical cannabis, and an argument on legalization of cannabis.