Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Types of Batterers
Family Only Batterers (50%):
Lowest frequency and severity of violence, least likely to use
psychological/sexual violence, lowest rates of injury
Generally negative attitudes towards violence, most
remorseful, most likely to accept responsibility
Positive attitudes towards women, their marriage, and their
wives, most liberal gender role expectations
Generally lacking in other psychopathology
Alcohol involved in about 50% of incidents
Battery in these cases can be seen as a combination of a
lack of regulatory/communication skills, life stress, marital
stress (tend to be triggered by external stressors)
Also referred to as common couple violence, high-conflict
couples where the violence is initiated by either member of
the couple in different instances
Types of Batterers
Dysphoric/Borderline Batterers (25%)
Moderate frequency and severity, less likely to cause serious
injury or serious violence than anti-social batterers, primarily
within the family
In some cases, less predictable violence, may have long periods
without assault, interspersed with unexpected, intense violence
Most psychological abusive out of all the types
Most dysphoric, depressed/anxious, psychologically distressed,
and emotionally volatile of the three groups
High levels of psychopathology, including borderline or schizoid
personality disorder
More traumatic experiences in childhood, lower presence of
substance abuse
Highly dependent, afraid of abandonment, jealous, possessive,
obsessive, difficulty controlling their explosive anger
More widespread across social classes
Carlson & Jones (2010), Continuum of conflict and control: in family-only violence
(type I), the violence is characterized by poorly regulated conflict. The increased
intensity/frequency in type II and type III batterers is characteristic of instrumental
violence designed to exert power and control the victim.
partner
Physical
Control
Lack of privacy
Violations of physical integrity
Restriction of movement
Direct violence
Use of children
Social Control
Isolation from family, friends, and other
supportive relationships
Economic Control
Restriction from accessing money, credit,
etc.
Abuse-related Factors
Relationship Factors
Extremely possessive, jealous,
Extreme controlling behavior
Attempts to leave, or knowledge that partner
plans to leave
Prior history of violence against partner or
children
More than one child together (increases
chances of staying in relationship)
Victim is concerned about future violence
Victim has a child from previous relationship
Recent separation
Threatened to harm children
Stalking behavior (spying, leaving
threatening notes/messages,
destroying property)
Victim believes hes capable of killing
her
A lot of tension
Some tension
No tension
Great difficulty
Some difficulty
No difficulty
Often
Sometimes
Never
Often
Sometimes
Never
3. Do arguments ever result in you feeling down 6. Has your partner ever abused you physically?
or bad about yourself?
Often
Often
Sometimes
Never
Sometimes
Never
Often
Sometimes
Never
Used to determine the likelihood of physical violence recurring. Score each item 1 or 0. ? if
missing (available documentation indicates that an item might be present but the information
is unclear or incomplete
Creating Safety
Safety planning includes:
Safety Planning
Safety planning is an ongoing process
throughout treatment
Most women are ambivalent about leaving,
especially if in long-term relationships
May fear for their safety, or doubt their ability to
survive independently
Also generally underestimate the risk theyre in
higher-risk cases
Resolving this ambivalence and educating them
about domestic violence/risk are part of safety
planning as well as treatment
Support: talk in private; make eye contact; assure that the discussion will be kept
confidential unless the patient expresses plans to harm self or another person
Provide information about legal tools (e.g., restraining orders, mandatory arrest,
police/911) and community resources (e.g., womens shelters, support groups,
legal advocacy); promote safety planning and offer safety planning handout
You have shown great strength in very tough circumstances. I can see that you care deeply about
your children. It took courage for you to talk with me today about the violence.
Subjective observations: record what the patient said; use quotation marks to
document exact words
Objective observations: describe the behavior and injuries you observed, use
drawings and photographs describing location and type of injuries; for
photographs, include a ruler for scale, and patients face, if possible, for identity
Assessment: your assessment of potential partner violence
Plans: describe safety planning and follow-up plans
C: offer Continuity
Do you have transportation? Will your partner try to prevent you from returning?
Physical Safety
Violent incidents
If possible, remove weapons from the home, place barriers
to access, or relocate weapons to safer areas of the house.
Consider "safe zones" in the home, areas without weapons,
or areas where a door can be locked and a telephone
accessed.
During conflict, avoid the kitchen, garage, and enclosed
spaces like bathrooms or closets
Avoid wearing scarves or necklaces
Talk to neighbors or other people that live nearby. Explain
the situation, ask that they call the police if they hear loud
conflict, or arrange a signal (for example, a drawn blind) to
indicate you need the police to be called).
If necessary, contact HAVEN and secure a cell phone that
will allow 911 to be called, store in-house.
Physical Safety
Safety planning with children
Educate/coach children not to intervene/avoid conflict
should it occur.
Identify places the child can go during conflict, including
locations within the house or neighbors houses.
Teach and review emergency procedures with children,
including calling 911, help them to memorize their phone
number and address
Develop a "code word or signal for the implementation of
safety plan.
Practice escape routes with the children, refer to it as
emergency planning.
Restraining Orders
Civil:
Emergency Protective Order (5-7 days)
Temporary Restraining Order (up to three weeks)
Permanent Restraining Order (3-5 years)
Criminal
Restrictions
Restrict the batterer from going near the home or workplace,
daycare or schools of children, communicating with survivor
Move out order require the batterer to move out of a shared
home
Give temporary custody of children to survivor or specify
visitation
Restrictions on batterer:
Custody/Visitation:
If family already has an open Family Court case, will send them to
mediation/family court judge for resolution
If no family court case, the judge will generally decide custody/visitation
at the hearing
If the batterer has a criminal case pending, will usually continue the TRO
until the resolution of the criminal case (if a criminal restraining order is
issued, it wont address custody).
Custody
Generally, its easier for the survivor to secure
custody through the TRO process, following recent
abuse than later through the family court
DV counts strongly against custody/visitation
Must be made in writing (CDCR Form 1707), can be obtained from VictimWitness
standby
Financial Security
Secure and store extra copies of ATM cards, credit cards, banking
information
Create new bank account with only survivors name, develop funding
Can use automatic withdrawal from paycheck to begin to funnel money into new account
May be able to keep from credit rpt. (if not married, he has no access)
Can also potentially use a trusted family member to be account holder
Develop a plan for addressing basic needs such as food, clothing, utilities,
shelter
Be aware of support services
Identify people that they may be able to ask for financial or practical assistance
References
Babcock, J., Green, C., Robie, C. (2004) Does batterers' treatment work? A metaanalytic review of domestic violence treatment. Clinical Psychology Rev. 2004
Jan;23(8):1023-53.
Gottman, J. M., Jacobson, N. S., Rushe, R. H., Shortt, J. W., Babcock, J., La Taillade,
J. J., & Waltz, J. (1995). The relationship between heart rate reactivity,
emotionally aggressive behavior, and general violence in batterers. Journal of
Family Psychology, 9(3), 227-248.
Fonagy, P. (1999). Male perpetrators of violence against women: An attachment
theory perspective. Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies, 1, 7-27
Holtzworth-Munroe, A.; Stuart, G.; (1994). Typologies of male batterers: three
subtypes and the difference between them. Psychological Bulletin, Vol 116 (3):
476-497
Holtzworth-Munroe, A; Bates, L.; Smutzler, N.; Sandin, E. (1997) A brief review of the
research on husband violence: Part I: Maritally Violent Versus Nonviolent Men.
Aggression and Violent Behavior, A Review Journal Vol 2 (1) Spr: 65-99
Holtzworth-Munroe, A; Bates, L.; Smutzler, N.; Sandin, E. (1997) A brief review of the
research on husband violence: Part III: Sociodemographic Factors, Relationship
Factors, and Differing Consequences of Husband and Wife Violence. Aggression
and Violent Behavior, A Review Journal Vol 2 (1) Autumn:
285-307
Roehl, J. ; OSullivan, C.; Webster, D.; Campbell, J. (2005) Intimate Partner Violence
Risk Assessment Validation Study, Final Report. National Institute of Justice.