R12 ( Y ) R1 R3

CHAPTER 1

R12 ( ) Rb //( Ra Rc )

v = iR

R1 R3

i = dq/dt
vab dw / dq

dw dw dq

vi
dt dq dt

Rb ( Ra Rc )
Ra Rb Rc

R13 R1 R2

Rc ( Ra Rb )
Ra Rb Rc

R34 R2 R3

Ra ( Rb Rc )
Ra Rb Rc

R1

Rb Rc
Ra Rb Rc

,
t

t0

t0

w p(t )dt v (t ).i (t )dt

R2

Rc Ra
Ra Rb Rc

R3

Ra Rb
Ra Rb Rc

CHAPTER 2

Delta -> Wye (T)

0 (zero) - short circuit

(infinite) - open circuit
G

1 i

R v

p vi i 2 R

v2
R

b l n 1
N

in 0
n 1

Wye (T) -> Delta

M

m 1

Req R1 R2 RN Rn
n 1

vn

Rn
v
R1 R2 RN

1
1
1
1


Req R1 R2
RN

in

v iReq

Rn
Rn

CHAPTER 3

G11
G
21

GN 1

G12 G1N v1
G22 G2 N v2




G11 GNN v N

i1
i2

iN

 R11
R
21

RN 1

R12 R1N i1 v1
R22 R2 N i2 v2




R11 RNN iN v N

SERIES

1
1
1
1

...
Ceq C1 C2
CN
N 2 A
L
l

di
vL
dt

CHAPTER 4
RN RTH

1 t
v (t )dt i (t0 )
L t0

iN iSC

1 2
Li
2

vTH
RTH

iN

Leq L1 L2 ... LN

SERIES
vTH vOC

1
1 1
1
...
Leq L1 L2
LN

iN iSC
RTH

vOC
RN
iSC

PARALLEL

VTh
RL
P i RL
R

R
L
Th
2

RL RTH

Pmax

VTh
4 RL

CHAPTER 6
q Cv

iC

dv
dt

A
d

1 t
idt v (t0 )
C t0

1
C v2
2

PARALLEL
Ceq C1 C2 ... CN

Integrator

VTH

8 RTH

Pmax

RL

2
2
RTH
X TH
ZTH

1
T

i 2 Rdt

Differentiator

1
T

I eff

I rms

R T 2
2
i dt I rms
R

0
T

dt I rms

Im
2

1
Vm I m cos (v i ) Vrms I rms cos (v i )
2

P Vrms I rms cos (v i ) S cos (v i )

S Vrms I rms
pf cos (v i )

CHAPTER 11
p(t ) v (t ) i (t ) Vm I m cos ( t v ) cos ( t i )
1
1
Vm I m cos ( v i ) Vm I m cos (2 t v i )
2
2

1
T

1
Re VI *
2

T
0

p(t ) dt

1
Vm I m cos ( v i )
2

1
V I Vrms I rms (v i )
2

V
Vrms v
2
I

I rms i
2

Vrms
I*rms

S Vrms I rms cos (v i ) j Vrms I rms sin (v i )

S S Vrms I rms P2 Q 2
Apparent Power

Z TH RTH jX TH
Real Power

P Re( S) Scos (v i )

Z L RL j X L
Reactive Power

Q Im( S) Ssin (v i )

Power Factor
S

pf cos (v i )

1
1
1
1
*
V I* V ( I1 I*2 ) V I1* V I*2 S1 S2
2
2
2
2

Ia

Van
ZY

Ib

Vbn
I a 120o
ZY

I c I a 240o
C

Qc
P (tan 1 tan 2 )

2
2
Vrms
Vrms

Ia Ib Ic 0
I n ( I a I b I c ) 0

Qc = Q1 Q2

VnN Z n I n 0

= P (tan 1 - tan 2)

Van V p 0 V

= CVrmsVrms

Vbn V p 120 V
Vcn V p 120 V

Q1 = S1 sin 1
= P tan 1
Q2 = P tan 2
P = S1 cos 1

Balanced Y-:
Vab 3V p 30 = VAB
Vbc 3V p 90 = VBC
Vca 3V p 210 = VCA

CHAPTER 12
Balanced Y-Y

I BC

For positive sequence abc

ICA

Phase voltages or line to neutral

Van V p 0 V

VAB
Z
V
BC
Z

I AB

Phase Current:

VCA
Z

Vbn V p 120 V

I a I AB 3 30o

Vcn V p 120 V

Ib I a 120o
I c I a 240o

Line to line or simply Line voltages

Line Current:

Vab 3V p 30 V

I L 3I p , where

Vbc 3V p 90 V
Vca 3V p 210 V

I L Ia Ib Ic
I p I AB I BC ICA
Vab V p 0 V

VL 3V p , where

Vbc V p 120 V

V p Van Vbn Vcn

VL Vab Vbc Vca

Vca V p 120 V

Balanced -:

I AB
I BC

VAB Vab

Z
Z

v AN 2V p cos(t )
vBN 2V p cos(t 120)

V
V
BC bc
Z
Z

ICA

vCN 2V p cos(t 120)

VCA Vca

Z
Z

ia 2 I p cos(t )
ib 2 I p cos(t 120)

I a I AB ICA

ic 2 I p cos(t 120)

I b I BC I AB
I L 3I p

I c ICA I BC

p pa pb pc v AN ia vBN ib vCN ic

Ia

p / 3 30
ZY

Ib I a 120
Balanced -Y:

I c I a 120

Vab V p 0 V
Vbc V p 120 V
Vca V p 120 V

Van
Vbn
Vcn

Vp
3
Vp
3
Vp
3

p 3V p cos
Pp V p I p cos
S p Vp I p
Q p V p I p sin
S p Pp jQp Vp I*p
3V p2
S s 3S p 3V I * 3I p2 Z p
Zp
*
p p

P 'loss 2 R

PL2
, single - phase
VL2

30 V
150 V
90 V

P'loss R '

PL2
, three - phase
VL2