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Effects of Hydrotest
and Quenching Processes on Residual Stresses Due to
SAW of API 5L-X70 Pipes Using FEM
A. Heidari, M. R. Forouzan, and S. J. Golestaneh
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology
Sadid Pipe and Equipment Co., Tehran, Iran

Abstract: This paper explores the effects of three of the most important post-welding processes on the residual stresses of
large-diameter oil and gas pipes. The analysis is one of uncoupled thermo-mechanical applied for both 2D and 3D models of the
pipe. The pipe body is assumed to be prestressed due to prior submerged arc welding of its seam. To analyze the processes,
parametric programming in the ANSYS commercial software is utilized. The processes are hydrotest, quenching by Houcsh
method, and quenching by the last pass heat sink welding, which is the most cost-effective technique. The processes are,
respectively, performed by applying very high internal pressure to the pipe, induction heating plus spray cooling of the pipe, and
cooling the weld zone simultaneously with the last past welding. The novel aspects of the study include investigation of the above
processes for API 5L-X70 pipes and application of FE analysis to simulate the quenching of pipes for both the Houcsh method
and the last past heat sink method. The effects of the processes on the residual stresses are compared. The simulations are verified
qualitatively using experimental results reported in the literature.
Keywords: Hydrotest, Quenching, SAW, FEM, Residual stress.

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- 8?
1. stress corrosion cracking (SCC)
2. hydrotest
3. cold expanded

4. post weld heat treatment

5. heat affected zone (HAZ)
6. last pass heat sink welding (LPHSW)

7. Posco
8. Gadala
9. FE and design optimization lab

i"
1. Contreras, A., Albiter, A., Salazar, M., and Perez,
R., Slow Strain Rate Corrosion and Fracture
Characteristics of X-52 and X-70 Pipeline Steels,
Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 407,
pp. 4552, 2005.
2. Manfredi, C., and Otegui J.L. Failures by SCC in
Buried Pipelines, Engineering Failure Analysis,
Vol.9 , pp. 495509, 2002.
3. Michaleris, P., Residual Stress Distributions for
Multipass Welds in Pressure Vessel and Piping
Components, Residual Stresses in Design
Fabrication, Assessment and Repair, ASME, PVPVol. 327, 1996.
4. Qingren, X., Yaorong, F., and Chunyong, H., The
Measurement and Control of Residual Stress in Spiral
Sub-Merged arc Welded Pipe, 4th International
Pipeline Conference, Alberta, Canada, 2002.
5. Koch, F.O., Peek, A., and Elfinger, F.X., Influence
of Weld Residual Stresses on the Stress Corrosion
Cracking Behavior of Submerged arc Welded Pipes,
Residual Stresses Science and Technology, Vol.2,
Garmisch-partenkirchen, FRG, 1986.
6. Cho, J. R., Lee, B. Y., Moonb, Y. H., and Van Tyne,
C. J., Investigation of Residual Stress and Post Weld
Heat Treatment of Multi-Pass Welds by Finite
Element Method and Experiments, Journal of
Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 155-156,
pp. 16901695, 2004.
7. Sterjovski, Z., Dunne, D.P., and Ambrose, S.,
Evaluation of Cross-Weld Properties of Quenched
and Tempered Pressure Vessel Steel Before and After
PWHT, International Journal of Pressure Vessels
and Piping, Vol. 81, pp. 465-470, 2004.

8. Ravi, S., Balasubramaniana, V., and Nemat Nasser,

S., Influences of Post weld Heat Treatment on
Fatigue Life Prediction of Strength Mis-Matched
HSLA Steel Welds, International Journal of
Fatigue, Vol. 27, pp. 547553, 2005.
9. Hoesch, A., Method for Making Steel Tubes or
Pipes of Increased Acidic Gas Resistance, United
states patent, P.N. 4721536, 1988.
10. Engelhard, G., Habip, L. M., Pellkofer, D., Schmidt,
J., and Weber, J., Optimization of Residual Welding
Stresses in Austenitic Steel Piping: Prooftesting and
Numerical Simulation of Welding and Postwelding
Processes, Nuclear Engineering and Design,
Vol. 198, pp. 141151, 2000.

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13. Forouzan, M.R., and Choo, W.Y., personal

conversation.
14. Kaviany, M., Principles of Heat Transfer, WileyIEEE, 2001

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