Body Plan

Porifera

Cnidaria

Amelida

Mollusca

Arthropoda

-symmetrical
-typically 2
stages(polyp
and medusa)
-have body
wall that
surrounds
the
gastrovascul
ar
cavity(where
digestion
occurs)

-symmetrical
-have
segmented
bodies
(separated
by septa)
-each body
segment has
its own
function

-contains
four parts:
foot, shell,
mantle, and
visceral
mass
-foot:
tentacles
-shell: made
of calcium
carbonate
-mantle: thin
layer of
tissue
-visceral
mass:
internal
organs

-separated
sections:
head, thorax,
body
-they have
specialized
organs
-tough
exoskeleton
and jointed
appendages

-paralyzes
prey by
specialized
cells located
in the
tentacles
-digestion in
the
gastrovascul
ar cavity is
extracellular
(occurs
outside the
cells)
-digestion
completed
intracellularl
y within the
cells located
in the
gastrodermis

-complex
digestive
system
-get food by
using
pharynx
-worm
collects food
particles
using the
mucus on
the jaws that
are part of
the pharynx
-pharynx
pumps food
into the
esophagus
-food stored
in the crop
-absorbed in
the intestine

-octopi use
beaks to
digest prey
-predators
-some clams
and oysters
get food by
filter feeding
through their
gills
-food enters
the body
when water
is carried
through the
siphon and
then the
water is
filtered and
the food is
digested.

-arthropods
can be
herbivores,
carnivores,
or omnivores
-specialized
mouthparts
ex. pinchers,
fangs
-mouths can
cut through
tissues of
prey

-nutrients
and oxygen
transported
by diffusion
(through cell
wall)

-land
annelids take
in oxygen
through their
skin and give
off CO2

-breathe
using gills
located in
the mantle
cavity
-land
Mollusca
breathe
using the

-air enters
and leaves
tracheal
tubes
through
spriacles
-spiders =
book lungs
-most

asymmetrica
l
- functions
like a water
pump
- have water
moving
through
them to
provide way
of many
body
processes
- central
cavity

Feeding

- intracellular
digestion
-because of
water
current, food
particles are
trapped by
choanocytes
-next passed
to
archaeotypes
which
transport
digested
food through
sponge

Respiration

-as water
moves
through body
cavity,
oxygen in
water
diffuses into
cells

Circulation

mantle
cavity

aquatic have
gills

-closed
circulatory
system
-dorsal
vessel moves
blood from
bottom to
top of worm
-ventral and
heart pumps
blood to
organs

-squid have
closed
circulatory
systems
-slow moving
mollusca
have open
ones
-closed much
quicker then
open

-open
circulatory
system
-has dorsal
cavity
running from
heart to the
aorta (one
exception to
open
circulatory
systems

-open

-open

circulation

circulation

Excretion

-CO2 and
wastes like
ammonia
diffuse into
water and
are carried
away

-all wastes
diffuse out of
cell water
and
transported
into the
water

-produce two
kinds of
waste
-cellular
waste
eliminated
by the
nephridia
through
diffusion)
-digestive
goes out the
anus

-cells release
nitrogen
containing
waste
(ammonia)
-tube shaped
nephridia
release it out
of the body

-malpighian
tubes carry
waste out of
the body
-main
excretion
organs

Response

-protection

-specialized
sensory cells
protect them
-contain a
nerve
net(loosely
organized
nerve cells)
-allow them
to detect
foreign
substances
-ocelli are
like eyespots
to detect
light
=cells that
detect
gravity and
light

-well
developed
nervous
system
-brain and
several
nerve cords
-can sense
light and
gravity with
specialized
nerve cells
centralizatio
n and
cephalization
(brain and
nerves)

-octopi and
squid are
extremely
smart
-able to
remember
things for
long periods
of time
-most highly
developed
nervous
system of all
invert
-uses jet
propulsion to
move

-has ventral
nerve cord
-exoskeleton
protects
against
predators
-compound
and simple
eyes help the
grasshopper
see prey and
predators
-antennae
are another
external
sense organ

-sexual and
asexual
-

-most
reproduce
sexually

-snails
reproduce
sexually by

-sexual

through
producing
toxins that
make them
poisonous or
unappetizing
to predators
-no nervous
system to
allow
response to
change in
the
environment

Reproductio
n

-sexual and
asexual
-sexual:

reproduction
-male

fertilized
inside body
(internal
fertilization)
-after
fertilization,
zygote turns
into larvae
-asexual:
budding
(part of
sponge
breaks off
and grows
into new
sponge)
-asexual:
gemmules
(serve as
protection
from harsh
conditions
until safe to
grow into a
new sponge

sexual:extern
al
fertilization
in the water
-asexual:
budding
-begins with
a swelling on
the side of
an existing
polyp
-swelling
breaks of
becoming an
identical
organism to
the parent

-produce
both sperm
and eggs
-or they
reproduce
externally
-two worms
attach to
each other
and
exchange
sperm
-when the
eggs are
ready the
clitellum
(thickened
specialized
segments)
release
sperm and
eggs into a
mucus ring
-ring slips off
of the body
and new
worms hatch
-

hermaphrodite
s

external
fertilization
-tentacled
mollusks
reproduce
inside of the
female

fertilizes the
eggs inside
of the femals
-female lays
eggs in a
hole she digs
-uses
ovipositor to
lay the eggs