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A A2 .... An
A1 , A2 ,... An . i lng A 1
A
i 1
(1)
A
i 1
nn 1
(2)
A =
A
i
i 1
(4)
A
.100 0 0 (6)
A
d4 8,77mm d4 0,02mm
Kt qu:
d 8,75 0,01mm
217 V. Sai s php o cn phi k thm sai s ngu nhin trong qu trnh o
Un = 2 V. Do vy:
y = y y
z = z z
1
2
v0 39,2 0,2m / s
30 10
t 2,0 0,2 s
g 9,8m / s 2
22
19,6m
2
2
sin 300.2 .0,2 1,38m
360
A
A
d. Tnh A = A .
V d: Gia tc trng trng c xc nh bng biu thc: g =
y: l 500 1mm
T 1,45 0,05s
g = 9,78 0,20m / s 2
Khi : ln g = ln ( 4 2 l ) ln( T 2 )
4 2 l
T2
dg
dg
d ( 4 2 l ) d (T 2 )
dT
d (4 2 ) 4 2 dl
=
=
-2
2
2
2
2
T
g
g
4 l
4 l
4 l
T
g
l
T
l 2 T
2
=
g = g
l
T
T
g
l
Bi tp rn luyn
Hy tnh cng thc sai s tuyt i v sai s tng i ca cc i lng o
gin tip sau:
v0 v0 v0
at 2
S v0t
vi t t t
2
a a a
m m m
mv
h h h
vi
E mgh
2
v v v
g constant
2
V d:
Khng th vit m 2,83745 0,0731g
m phi vit m 2,84 0,07 g
0,07
.100% 2,464 2,464%
2,84
hoc l ta tnh
Ta c th vit
ngha th
m (2,84 0, 07) g
Ch rng khi vit kt qu cui cng, sai s ton phn s bng tng sai s
ngu nhin v sai s h thng: TP NN HT
V d: Khi dng thc kp o ng knh mt si dy nh, gi s ta
o 5 ln, sai s ngu nhin tnh c l d 0,05mm . Thc kp c chnh
xc 0,02mm th sai s ton phn s l TP 0,05 0,02 0,07mm .
Nu sai s ngu nhin nh hn sai s h thng th ta b qua sai s ngu
nhin (v khng th o c kt qu chnh xc hn c cp chnh xc ca
dng c o). Trong trng hp php o ch thc hin mt ln th sai s ton
phn c ly chnh l sai s h thng (do dng c o).
2.5. X l s liu v biu din kt qu bng th
Trong nhiu trng hp kt qu th nghim c biu din bng th
l rt thun li, v th c th cho thy s ph thuc ca mt i lng y
vo i lng x no . Phng php th thun tin ly trung bnh cc
kt qu o.
Gi s bng cc php o trc tip, ta xc nh c cc cp gi tr ca x
v y nh sau:
x1 x1 x2 x2 .......... .......... .......... ..... xn xn
A2 ( x2 , y2 )...... An ( xn , yn )
cc
cnh
tng
ng
y
+
++
gh
RT
vi p0 p0 p0
T T T
h h h
g, , R l cc hng s
V
b, p p1 1 vi p1 p1 p1
V
V1 V1 V1
V V V
c,
l hng s
1
c1m1 c2 m2 . t1 c2 c2 t 2
m
vi m m m t1 t1 t1
m1 m1 m1 t 2 t 2 t 2 ; c1 l hng s
m2 m2 m2 ; c2 l hng s
m
trc thng ng (trc quay). Do trc quay c lin kt vi
F
ng c nn mng nm ngang c th quay trn xung quanh
r
trc thng ng.
- 01 xe ln trn mng, c khi lng m c ni vi
trc quay bng mt si dy mm, nh, khng dn. Khi
Hnh 1
mng quay xung quanh trc thng ng, xe ln s chuyn
ng ra lm cng si dy v cng vi mng quay quanh trc
- 01 cng quang hc o vn tc gc ca mng.
- 01 gi c gn lc k l xo, mt si dy mm v mt rng rc c
khi lng nh khng ng k.
- 01 hp gia trng gn ln xe
- 01 cn chnh cc xc nh khi lng xe v cc gia trng.
- 01 thc o chiu di c chia ti mm o khong cch ca xe ti
trc quay
Khi xe cng mng quay xung quanh trc thng ng, ta o c r,
t tnh c lc hng tm:
F m 2 r trong cc i lng m, r, l cc i lng o trc tip c
m (g)
(Khi lng xe
v gia trng)
1
2
3
4
5
199
201
198
200
199
f (vg/s)
r (cm)
(tn s o bng (khong cch
s vng quay/s)
t xe ti
trc)
2600
2604
2597
2596
2603
F (N)
F m 2 r
35,5
36,0
35,8
36,4
35,9
Yu cu:
a. Hy tnh gi tr trung bnh v sai s ca cc i lng o trc tip
m, r, trong 5 ln o
b. Hy thit lp cng thc tnh gi tr trung bnh v sai s ca i
lng o gin tip F (t cng thc xc nh lc hng tm)
v
thc
gh
RT
, p p1
V1
1
. t1 c 2 c 2 t 2
, c1 m1 c 2 m2
m
V
m (g)
(khi lng xe
v gia trng)
1
2
3
4
5
199
201
198
200
199
f (vg/s)
r (cm)
(tn s o bng (khong cch
s vng quay/s)
t xe ti
trc)
2600
2604
2597
2596
2603
F (N)
F m 2 r
35,5
36,0
35,8
36,4
35,9
m,
r , ,
m,
Sai s tng i
Vit kt qu F F F
(ch quy tc lm trn s)
Nhn xt kt
qu...............................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
..........
4. Tr li cu hi m rng
Dng lc k lin kt xe vi trc quay, ngi ta c th o kim nghim
c lc hng tm tc dng ln xe ln, khi mng quay
u............................................
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