Stages of Development

Psychosexual
Stages
(Freud)

Psychosocial
Stages
(Erikson)

Cognitive
Stages
(Piaget)

Infancy
(Birth to 18
months)

Oral

Trust vs mistrust

Sensorimotor

Early
childhood/Toddler
(18 months to 3
years)

Anal

Autonomy vs
shame and doubt

Preoperational
thought,
preconceptual
phase

Preschool
(3-5 years)

Phallic

Initiative vs guilt Preoperational

thought,
intuitive phase

Middle Childhood
(6-12 years)

Latent

Industry vs
inferiority

Adolescence
(12-19 years)

Genital

Identity vs role
confusion

Stage/Age

Young Adult

Intimacy vs
isolation

Middle Age

Generativity vs
self-absorption
and stagnation

Old Age

Integrity vs
despair

Concrete
operations
(inductive
reasoning and
beginning logic)
Formal
operations
(deductive and
abstract
reasoning)

Moral
Judgment
Stages
(Kohlberg)

Preconventional
level;
Punishment and
obedience
orientation
Preconventional
(premoral) level;
instrumental
orientation
Conventional
level good-boy,
nice-girl
orientation.
Postconventional
level. Socialcontract
orientation.