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\ bT&j &T. esqT>V + b+<&T.
XT$jT+ k~+#&T. eT\esT\ yX K D eTe+ $+ D
|s+ |s\ T b+<&T. neTVsE H\=*q k$Ty] yX Ked D
eTe d+|<jT+ H{ n$q+> k>T+~. y+fX sT&T D|<T &
u He[ D+ |k~dTH&T. deD+, <XD+,
D+ nqT> V d T H & T . D d T +< s T & T <s s T eT\
l y+fX sT&T. D+ |# sD+ e] dT+<s j +<+
<ssTeT\ +!

 s T ] $jY T #< ]

15

l y+fX s $seeTT
lsees deTjT+ y* q# e~+q |* +> ss |+
<]+q y*# lw u>yqT&T q nes+ #*+# deTjT+
+<T$T |]ysqT\ es\T nqT>V+#&T. u\&\T #
eTT]dbjqT. D y&T \T ## u>+ *+#TeTT n+ jTX<
lw b]++~. HqT ly&TdT&H ne]kqT. e ee\y,
*y , H |[ |<y H D \+ ~~, lyd D+ $ke
n+ q+<q+<qT&T jTX< nuj
T $T#&T. w s<k s~j
T q <s &T
u> y qT $<+ > n]+, b]+#&T. e dHq ks~$ . e bsk s~$ .
#T sX u T eH\T ks< + q&TdH sTT. +\+ s<k s~>
HqT. <s q |PCu>\T b+<qT. e H eTHs< ks~y
dV u>+ |k~+|eT b]dT H qT. $<+ > H J$+ #]s+
$+|eT n]dT H qT. <s! e c><e eT< <X+ ke.
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n_eT+ sD+> ey T ~e d\ + <ssTeT\>, ~e +
<s sT| +> $U eTeT+~. HeT+, H s|+>\,
yT <s sTeT\ +. <s sT| +, V +, qV+, u
qV+. $T+ > d~d T + ~. J$+ ks eTeT+~ n+ bsk s~
q s<k s~ <s q es+ nqT>V +#&T.
lw&T nes+ #*+#&T. l eTV$we> V~<eT\
>#]+#&T. |eT ds eT+&\+ n~>$ T+#&T. deTjT+ $>V
s|+ <] + <e\ <s jTT&j &T. $sT $>V +> <]+q
s| s K\ L&q k$T *jTT>~ \+ eTVeTVeT&q nses
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<| s j T T>+ + ]q d + | T q. * j T T>~ e e \qT
16  l

<s sTeT\ +

nqT>V +#{ sTeT\ lydT&j &T. <s nqT>V +#{

ly+fXsT&T nses ds|& $s$+#&T. l yd $syTq
eTVuse T+<* eTd\|s + |+#e<jT+ l w nes |]de|
>] e]+|&+~. < lydT nses ><!
jTT> Xc# d$|+ <ssTeT\ <s&T
ed+#y&T. n <s| dTq+< <$. <+|T\T |seTu\T.
lyddyd eTqdT\T. <s &T >=| |d . eTVTTw. d<#s d+|qT&T.
n&T us< X + d\ rs\qT, deTd \qT, $$< nses eTsT\ qT
d$+#&T. <s sTeT\ #sT=H&T. k$T |w]D eT rs+>
u$+#T=H&T. sTeT\ sT| yT ~e eT ssTT+#T=H&T.
l y+fX sT& |se T be& d+*+#T=H&T. l y+fX sT b<de
<+|T \T eT J$\T n+++ $+#sT. eTs\ lydT <]+,
d$+#\, sT| j $+#\ <s &T s|&&T . usdyT T&
yd$ \+ y+{#\j b<#sT& jT\T <s&T! j
esZ+ $TeT<V+ |jD+ kdTHsT. m+& eT+&bT+~.
e&>&T re+> Mk+~. ysT sq |<X + , HsT. lydT
d<q+ #s\ |+ bTq <s &T ^wb Xw>={ dVsTT
eT+&Tf+& esZeT<+ H\|H | L*bj&T. dTq+< <$
dVjTd Bq+> y<H sy\T $d lydT dV jT+ n|+ +~.
u q u+<e &T, BqqeT+<sT&T, lydT&T yw y #s |sTw& >$+<
H<\T #d o\ \+ +&q eT+&\+ <+|T \qT d$|+#&T.
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l y+fX sT> y] k]+#&T. <s! V<jT yT ~eyTq
<s sTeT\ yT e]\TT +~. eTHs< ks~H ]kqTe\
 s T ] $jY T #< ]

17

>#]kqT! sTeT\ d+ e s* bqs <T . sTeT eTT+ s*

e \TdT+ ~! yd|<X d$|+H jTT> XwX \ + +~.
<| n|PsyTq <ed++<y T q +&T #T q&TT+~. <|
>sT +T&T m|&T y* H& HqT sT| qT+& H d<q+
| k ~+# & ek q T. + & T # T d $ | + e +
nseseT]> k]kqT. H nses e $w]+,
J$+ + d$+, H b< d ~ # ] ] + J$ + # ] s +
$+#T=+{e n+ <+ lydT&T n<X&j &T.
|eT dTq+< <$, <s &T d>V eTs* e#sT. ]q e++
qT\ $e]+#sT. eT+> y<+<\, u q d+| \ <+|T \T
HjT+ eV+ jTT> Xc# s* ysT. +&T #T
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<s X |* ++~. >sT +T&T y>+ > e +&T #T| y*H&T.
e+ >#]+#< T . <s $Xd+ d&\ <T . <s! +&T #T
Xq+> eTT|~ us\ <s+ $ |<| H $>V + >#]dT+ ~
nH lydT yD XyD> $|++~. u\T >$+<HeTdsD
$+#sT. |\T b++ Xu |]#sT. C>> $ |\T y< k >sT.
k$T ~eeT+> $>V <sq+ d+ ysTTqT\ <s&T m<TsT
#dTH &T. e+ k$Ty] ~eeT+> $>V + >#]++~. qT\
qT+& q+<u c\T s\>, |\+q Xs+, |se d+q V<jT +
<s &T k]+q ly+seTDeT] nses eT] <]+#&T.
k$T <s q $<+ > >#]+#&T.
eTD +, eTT|HeT+ n\ss eTT<T yeTT, nuj
T Vd+ ,
|<TH\T>T \qT +|q sTu, Vs\, qT\ +T\
l y+fX sT&T <s q | e Tj&T. * <qeT&q #, y\
y<e TT\T y< q #, n+<] nuj
T <q+ |k~+# #, bDT\
y+ nqT>V+# nujTVd+ e y*Xe. sT#sD\T
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18  l

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$>V + \_+q d\ + T> y&T. n&T m+ |jT +H |j q+
k~+# b j&T. l b<\qT <]+# b j&T. n&T ly] b<<s q
|jT + $s$T+#&+ <T . nsTTH ly] b<\ <s qeTT n |+#&+
<T . b< <s q+ d+ <s &T reyTq |+ $+#&T. { <s
eTHd >V +q l y+fX sT&T <s! HqT b b<T&qT. q
dV d |D >\| u us+ eV+# ~Xw q H b<dy u>+ *+#&
HqT b b<T& qjqT. }s jTe $>VQ &Hq qqT n]+#+&!
n+ q u q d+<V e $+#&T. $<+ > <s q
b<<s q |jT + qT+& $s$T+|CX &T.
djT+ e eT] <s &T jT<Xdj
T +> |w+ , $~$<q+>
|P+#&T. $<+ > <s eT\+> ly+fX sT&T |qse Tj&T.
eTsT>Tq |&q k$Ty] \ T <se TV] sD+> eTs\ y\T>T
e#sTT. <~> jTT> XwX \ + <ssTeT\ +> |UyT + ~.
<s ~ H < T & T q s < k s ~ <s eTHs < ks ~ e&
l y+fX sT> y\dq + e&+ eT\+> ~ <s sTeT\ +.
k$T b< <s q+ d+ <s eTV] |+ $+q b + <ssTeT\
+! <s &T #]sT& j
&T. <s sTeT\, yT + ~.

 s T ] $jY T #< ]

19

u $jT+
|P s\+

<ssTeT\ dMT|+ sTeT\]

nH >eT+ e<e&H u&T+& y&T. |TH n&T n${y&T.
wy~|&T&T. nejTe sD+ d]> y&T. $s ds|&T.
<ssTeT\ l y+fXs yuy, eTVe $Xc $
k$T d$+#Ty\ s|&&T. n&T sqT&T. <\ dVjTT&T.
n&T + <s sTeT\ydT d]+#y&T, <+#y&T. n
eTqdT + <ssTeT\ j $k+~. n qTe e+
d>eTyTq sTeT\ ] +~.
<ssTeT\ j $+#\H u s y++ Hsys
deTjT+ dqyT+~. >eT+ e<e +<T$TT\T <ssTeT\
j dHV\T bs+_+#sT. qqT y] k$Ty] <sH
&= beT e<e &T y] b]+#&T. b<j
T |&&T . ysT n+^]+#sT.
eTT ysT ysT +& |jD+ k+#sT. e<eq |+>
m&+& jTsT #XsT. +& qT+& C]|&+& >{>
{sT. e<e ysT |jD+ k+#sT. n&$<] eT>+
$+q X+ eT\+> e<e +& m&T u<] y>+> |sT>T\T
rksTT. +& \+<T+~. us|&q +& +< e<e&T |&&T.
re+> >jT|&&T. |dsT\T |Pd |<eT $+#sT. e<e
eTs\ +& yd eTT+<T ysT |jD+ k+#sT. kjT+
<ssTeT\ e#sT. j+<+ e<eq ]q |e<+
>] $#]+#sT. e<e &T e+ ]q |e< |y <+ d]+#&T.
k$T d<q+ q qTe #*+# e#Tq | #+<&T.
neX+ d+ m<TsT #dTH&T. <ssTeT\ #sTHeTT nH
e $ u bseX+ e<e&T eTqks l y+fXsT <+
20  l

<s sTeT\ +

 ~eyTq <ssTeT\ + d~b+<&T. e<e&T l y+fXsT

| bT& +< <X b*+# ||d+V eTVsEq |T&
+#&T. $eT <eeTVsE> V|] s< q>s+> #d=
sb\q+ $+#&T.
n~ V|s+. n~ eTVsueq+. $eT <e&T +&T =\Te
ds d+VdHdqT& H&T. sdu sH<\T $dq
d e q usqT sdT u]qT+& b&eT eTVsEqT b]++~.
sE ds dqdq<T& yT #|q esZ+ |jD+ $+
=+&>TV s+~+|& $| ##&T. eT+|PyTq >jk
sdT| |j+ ud+ $+ $| sdT qT+& $eTT
*+#&T. dr|T\T sEq \T *| d>V y[bjsT.
$eT <eeTVsE s<q>s jT\T <s& dq<T& j
&T.
nj ! H |db|qT |*H sT#T= b]bT+~. H XeqT,
qqT s+# H<T s? nH y\T sE #e\ |&sTT. <sq
XeT] jTq eeT] n >#]++~. HqT |db|qT
skqT. |* d+V]kqT. eX+ y]kqT n+ eTVsE
|q <qTsD\T <]+ sH<+ y\Te&q ~X> |sT>T\T rk&T.
* q|&<T. |\yD |* Hs#T= b]be&+ ##&T. <
y+&+#&T. |* \| uD+ e<* |{&T. |* #*+#<T.
Xe $&Te<T. sE |* #+| |jT+ $s$T+# <T. |*
sTeTT+ sE n&e\ y+|&&T. $yTq y|TsE $eT
<eeTVsEqT <ssTeT\ dMTb &=bsTT+~. n#{
jTT> XwX\kqTe\ ejTyT+~.
nHwD sE d$|+ =+&| B| +T\T ##&T.
d+<deTjT+ =+&| qT +#&T. n&T =+&
m&T. q qT\qT H qeT bj&T. q &\+ qT\T+f
u>T+&T qqTH&T. q qT\ eTT+<T k]+q eTjT
s|&q, + ds|&q, sTD+s+>T&q, *jTT>esT&q
l y+fXsT <]+#&T.
 s T ] $jY T #< ]

21

 nses eT] <]+, n]+q |*+> eTVsEq

| P s q C q + * +~. > q qT e< e > J$+qH{
d n eTHM~ yT~*+~. d~ d~b+~q H{ e<eD
H&T $eT <e> d~ *be k$! H{ e<e&T
nH<T&T. H{ $eT<e&T |BH<T&T. H{ Hd sTD
VTe n+ l y+fXsT sE dT+#&T. <s sTeT\ H<T&T
dT|dqT& $eT<y! e\dq es+ nqT>VkqT. n]+|eTT
n+ C|+#&T. <y~<y! eTVqTuy! nujT|<qyT H
eTVes+! H >eTq sD+ $~ |PsyT! |*H XeqT
s+# bjqT. e XeqT s+ qqT {+#TeTT k$!
n+ #e] lydT b]+#&T.
d+ HH $|&H, sdT&H |*H qT s|+#THqT.
eTV\ H+ d bqT <] ++~. eTq<T &T |*H |db |j &T.
qHd]d H+ J$+ #*+q sXw+ nqTu$+#&
qT q sEqT $+#qT. e<e q e b+<>] b+<
H <sq u>+ b+<& qT $eT<e> +|Cd H ~e
<squ>+ nqT>V+#qT. < e] q! y+s <s\T
d+, sd+ d< s +{sTT n+ <s sTeT\ H<T&q
l y+H<T &T $eT<e nqT>V +#&T. $eT ksueTT&T k$Ty]
sq\, e de\ e\dq eH\T n]+#&T. bs\T
eT+&b\T >|s\T ]+|Ck&T. $$< yVH\T deTLs&T. ~eyTq
s<+ deT]+#&T. T\d +<eH\T, |P\eH\T jTsT #k&T.
q <q+, qTe, \+, ds+ k$T y] de\ n++ $+#&T.
k$T, k$Ty] <q+ qJ$+ >&| & k$Ty] qeTj&T.
e<e < <s sTeTXsT&q l y+fXs eTVeTqT |{+#
u $jT><! ~ <ssT| yue+ $e]+# ~e <!
<s sTeTXsT&T $eT<e $+ y+ nqT>V+#&T.
$eT <esE\qT, <s sTeT\qT, nses ds|& $s$ +#&T.
sTeT\ s y] <s sTeT\ #] d$+#& l y+fXsT&T
<s sTeT\ ydT&j&T.
22  l

<s sTeT\ +

us\T nsTTq ;;H+#] <ssTeT\ l y+fXsT

q+<\jT+ eTTU\jT+ l y+fXsk$T <D bsq
|w+| &+~. |q n\yT\T eT+>jsT |w+| &+~. ;;H+#]
l y+fXsT <y]> ns ds|DjT, k$T d<q+ \+~.
{ ;;H+#] ue<y\jT+ >\ ~ed\+ <s sTeT\ +.
;; H+#] | |w sq\T, $Xw |P\T us<X+
<s sTeT\ + eyT sV+|&&+ eT\+> ||+#+
eT keTsd k<H +> <s sTeT\ + |yTq
$wqT d+]+#T+~.
<ssTeT\ l y+fXs d<qeT+<* ;;H+#sT
|PCeT+~s+ us <X+ @ ueH |ks +<+! <s
sTeT\ ;;H+#] <e|s+ dseT deTuy, dseT
keTsd d<+ $Xeqe n+~+# $Cq|s+. n{ ueq,
k<q k<Hd+| deTLs ;;H+#] eT+>sb, ~eeT+>
dsb, u\T eT V<j\ +|y*! eT qT\eTT+<T
+&$+| CdTy*! n+<Td+ <s sTeT\ + d$+#*.
l y+fXsk$T ~e Bbs<He+ $+#*. | u&T C
ds|& ;;H+#] e k$T b<d~ \y*! <s sTeT\
l y+fXs k$T y] nqT>V b+<*.

 s T ] $jY T #< ]

23

*jTT> y+s+
| eT><e] |d~b+~q + <ssTeT\ +.
+<<X+ beTTK+ eV+q + <ssTeT\ +.
|eT><e b++ y+^<X u>+. .|P. 3e X+qT+&
dTesT H\TZqs Xu\T b++ XyVq s+ #] +~.
H&T ><e eTTK<s+ e< b\sT se |d<yT+< {\$
|{ + #&T. >T+T|* dTjTH<T &H (~v>T &T eT+EH<T &
|sT.) XeTD&T ed+q u<d+|seT+ |s=q +~. sTy
\T b+ b*+#sT. c ><e eT< <X VjTqT\T
b*+#sT. y] \+ y+^q>s+ ]yT+~. sTy 500 d+\
es ~ s< q>s+> e]*+~. sT # eT\|sTw&T
$wesqT&T.
.X. 642 yTT<\T 935 d+eTT es y+jT s< q>s+. |eT
b*+qysT X\+jTqT\T. .X. 10e X+ n~s+ eq
$w+&qT\ s< q>s+ (<ssTeT\ d$|+) <+<T\sT.
rjTT\, y\H{#&T\, s&sE\, $jTq>s sE\, >\T=+&
qyT\T, |+, +^w b\q\qT b+~q b++ |eT><e] eT+&\+.
{ #] |Xd >\ |eT><e eT+&\+ <s sTeT\ +
| |Xd b+~+~.
~ +<|<X |<q \ {. ~ |eT><e]
@\sT \ ;eT&\T dTesT 15 $s <s+
+~. s\T| e# j\T $jTy& ysT s\TesZ+ q ;eT&\T
sdwqT ~ dT| <s sTeT\ #sTy*. V<su<T,
$jTy&, @\sT, qM&T, qs|s+, ;eTes+, DT, &|*
24  l

<s sTeT\ +

>&+, =ePsT, +\|P&, dT|*, nXse |, +>s& >&+,

eTes| \ qT+& dT\T <s sTeT\ j\qT
rdT= eksTT.
jTT> Xw X\+ beTT#Te e\js+> +T+~.
< dsdH q <ssTeT\ q XD >eT|+#jT eT]jTT
eT+&\ |C|]w>Y n_e~ #+~q~. eT+&\ |+#sTTr >eT+. jTT>+
Xw &T sT >eT+ dsd q |s s+ <] +#&T. Xc#\+| l y+fX sT&T
H\=H&T. < s+> ueTs+udyT eT*sTqT&T =+&eTXsT&T
nH |s T n\ss T T H& T . =+& e T X s T q Xq u > +
\qsd+Vk$T e]\TTH&T. eT&T <y\j\qT <]d sTeT\,
lX \ , n_\ \qT d$+q | D+ j \ \_ d T + ~.
{ eTVeyTq <s sTeT\ |sD|sTw\T,
nes |sTw\T d$+#sT. jTT>+ +<TeTr n eTVsE\T
ly+fXsT d$+#sT. n eTVsE njT Ds d+jTTyTq
$jT<+&+ esy+fXsT qT+& d]+ XTd+Vs+ $+
$jTo deTT|T&j&T. k$Ty] DeTe+ $+#&T.
| d+q b| <Xs<T&T sTeT\ l y+fXs nc |+
#d |+ $+#&T. d\ <s sTeT\ |+ $++~.
ly+fXsT&T lsees+ <]+#&T. d <Xs<T\qT ]+|CX&T.
lseTT&T <s sTeT\qT d$+#&T.
Xc#\|#u>+ e+>eTV] XeT eTT+&< |r.
e+>eTV]# |wyTq e+ H $>V+ H{ qek+~.
Xc#\ d$|+ lseTT&T VqTeT+T de\T b+<&T. lseT
dT^e yT nk> jTT> Xc#\+| l y+fXsT d<q+
]+~. seT\ DT\T dT^e |{_w+ #d esTTTe eTTdesL
jTT> Xw X\+| l y+fXs de eT>T\jsT. y*dT^e\T
jTT<+ #dq =+& <s sTeT\ |eTu>+ +~. =+&|
 s T ] $jY T #< ]

25

eTqyTq y* dT^e\ $>V\T, s<$ <y\jT+, H{ lseTT

<ssTeT\ y+fXsT <sH |\ <sH\T> \ HsTT.
eweTV] <]+q |D+. <s sTeT\ +! TTw\T |+
$+q b+ <s sTeT\ + b+&e\qT Db|\qT #dq
+ <s sTeT\ +. b+&e\ nsDyd deTjT+ <s
sTeT\ l y+fX sT d$+ d$|+ ed+#sT. b+&e\T ed+q
=+& b+&e\ =+& n eeV]+| &T <s sTeT\ d$|+
| k+> \ +~. l y+fXsqT>V+ eT\+> se\qT
sTT+ b+&e\T su+ b+<sT. <s eTV] J$+ #]s+
$+q + <s sTeT\ +. b+ * l y+fXsT
b<de |k~+q eTV+ <s sTeT\ +!
<ssTeT\ eT<u>+ |+bq~ (H{ jTs\) |eT~
qT+& sT ~> |eVd s yVjT ><e] \Tk+~.
l y+fXsT ~e <y\j |+bq~ s yVjT |Vk+~.
d|TTw\T l y+fXs k$T <]+#& eq deTjT+ d$|+
\+ \_+| ysT k$Ty] b]+#sT. k$TysT eT dT<sq
#+ |j+ d$|+ rs d| TTw\d+ dw+#sT.
n+<T#H n~ dT<sq rseT |d<yT+~. nbyTq ~e rseT~.
dT<sq |w]D, < d$|+, \\qT <\T =& y
dT<sq #+ q&TT+~. n+<T#H <ssTeT\ + dT<sq
+> dT|d<yT+~. dT<sq rs+ kq+ $+q j\
>+>~ d\ |D rs\qT d$+q u>+ \T>TT+~. |D+ \_dT+~.
<s s T | qT, X c ~| <=] | sqT k\
>eTeTT\e dT<sq eTT< |+#&+ f<T, @ +qT
eTV$Xw+ sT + eeTe+~. + sdeTjT+
k$Ty] >|s+ |q se yTsTd + |++ dT<s
q|&TT+~. >|s+ \T|\T eTd H, X+ yT|eyTH
~e + d< >#]dH +T+~. d$|+ y] q B|+e
26  l

<s sTeT\ +

q&TT+~. <s $<TB|+e >#]dT+~. ~ | <sq+.

bE\T B n+{sT. ~eyTq <ssTeT\ +
|ks +<+. XgE\T <sH =+&|q +& JeeTD
sDeT+THsT. yT! b b<T&q l y+fXsT&T y\dq |
k$T d$+# ~Xw |DuwDyTq eTD sT |ks+ $k+~!
$<+> <s sTeT\ + |ks +<yT $X$UyT+~!
<s sTeT\ _e~ <s sTeT\ lydT&T <s
sTeT\ j$+q <s nbse |uTe\ d|+ <sq$T
sT $<+ > <+#sT. HqT bb<T&q <s sTeT\ y+fX sT&qT.
}sjT $>VQ&H u\ <sjTT&qeTHqT. u\ b<<sq+
\_+#& e sT| s* H $>V+ =e |w $+|eTT.
<s sTeT\qT d$+ d|+ <y+X b+~ nbse>sT sT|
|jDeTjsT. |<sT| qT+& ly+fXs $>V >yTs+>
|PC u>e yuy\ s$+#sT. djT+ e eT] yqT u>+
q |s+ |q |w+| #XsT. eT\ esT\ e\q \u+ b<<sq
u>+ u \ |k~+# & ds+>|P sy T q dT+<sy T q ly+fX sk$T
$>V >y $~$<q+> |w+|CXsT. $>V |ceTe+
ojTT bs$TH&T ]+~. H& k$Ty] |cq+s D
eTe+ sT|&+~. <~> ojTT ed+ bs$TH&T |w
eTsT\ D eTe+ $+# d+|<jT+ bs+uyT+~. djT+
e eTsT\ | yXK bs$TH&T DeTe+ sT>T+~.
18e X+ $<+> k$T |c seT+ sV+q
<s nbse>sT l y+fXs k$Ty] >|s, bs, eT+|,
kbH<T\T ]+ n+>s+> yuy\T deTLs\ d+*+#sT.
\j b>>+ nsTT<T n+dT\T >\ $eq >|s, $T>
eT&T~\qT eT&+dT\T >\ eT&T >|s\qT, dT$XqeTTq
bs\qT ysT ]+|CXsT. =+&$< u\ |j>s+ ju
<T kbH\T {+#sT. sTeT\ ] +< >*>|s <TsT>
 s T ] $jY T #< ]

27

|<V sT n+D\ |< D eT+|+ ]+ k$Ty] de\ deT]+#sT.

l y+fXsT q+< \jT$eH |eTu>+ |<ssT\
y\\T ]+, |w\T #sTT+#& $>V\T jsT #sTT+#sT.
>eTXg |< qqTd]+ |c seT+ ]|+#sT. BeV+
TT\ $esD *#sT. bsD \eTTH{ |V<, Hs<, |+&~
u \ e sT yw e u > dsT \T. Xe eT+<* nsy eTT>TsZ T HjTHsT\e,
CqeTeTTq+<* sTe~ q\T>TsT rs+sT\ e ywe d+|<jTeTTq
|<ssT eTTKT\T.
M] u>e<T\T>, u ue |e\T> ywe\T d]+#sT.
MsT dT sTy s+&T, m$T~ Xu\ eT< y*ksT. sT nq>
|seT <q+ q+<qTu eT>yTq y& ns+. sT\T
<y qT\ T. |sy T XsqTue deTT<T\T. u> e <s$>V k+<s sdb qeTT\ T.
esXeT $u<\T b{+| u>eqTu, |syTXs k+<s skqTu
dsT\ |+#sT.
M] <w J$ |see~ m& |s+ b|+# eTT
<T. n~ &, |& b|eTjT l V]dy s|yTq u, y]
nqTuy\qT bXs\ s+ >q+ #XsT. ny <$& ~e >+<\T.
dTesT H\T>T y\ d+K >\ M]u ^\qT H<eTT d+]+#&T.
M HsTTs ~e |u+<eT |sT. BH <$&y< eT+{sT.
bsTT>, |P<, |jT, sTeTD, deT, eT<Ts$, \XKs, |]jT,
+&, =+&s &b& sT eT+> b+#q, ><, q+<, dT<sq,
$wq, eTT<, dTu, >sT&, u<$, eqe\, le, sT+X\
+#s ywe\ $Xd+. sTeTX sT |eTT n yT<s\+
+ s e]*H&T. sTeT+>sTT |]sTTy< sT
eTVeTBjTT&T. y+fXsT&T (y+>&eTT <e&T) D ]+#&T.
sTeT+> sT> ywe <y\jT+ |P\+<T+TH&T. M]
u>eeqT\T>, u>e+T |<T\T>, <e<\T> u$+ ls+>+,
sT| ~>>\ dT|d<ywe <y\j\ M] nqT+< |PCeT+~s\T
28  l

<s sTeT\ +

]+ nsH$<T\T sVdTHsT. d+yTq \ eed, eT

ed nryTq eTu d+|<jTbwDqT sT\ nsHeT+
eqy[ |k~k+~. $Xeqe dyTueq, k<q, |r sT\
nsH $<q+.
|eT l yT\es+ d+kq| $+<sTq l dsHysT
<ssTeT\ ly+fXsT <ekH nqTe+ <ss b*+#sT.
b*dTHsT. q+<\jT $eq+ {+#sT. k$T d~ <d+u
|w #sTT+#sT. $<+> <ssTeT\ yuy ysT m+>H
de\T $+#sT. M] \+ <sX\, yVqX\, s<X\, d+~
s\jT+ ]+|&sTT.
l y+ |sTceT >H< >b\se>] <T>TsT esT\T,
yTT<{ <sT <ss + eV+# <T. l bsks~se, l cse,
l y+ es eTV| dsse k<sT\T k$Ty] <ss +
d]+#sT. +&ese, M] <ss + $<TB| ks+,
n~ >V sD+, >|s Ks\ n\+s+ deTLs &sTT.
s<X\ ]+#&+~. dsH y+ HsjTD <ss + eV+#sT.
y] esT&T dsH y+ dT<sY >sT nqTe+ <ss +
eVdTHsT. D |eT u>+ {+#&+~. deTT\T, eT+b\T
e~ #jT &sTT. sT| sTeT\ <ekq+ y] <s X\ sD+ k~+|&+~.
b# bsX \\T, y<b sX \\T H\=* <ekq+ ysT y< $< H]dTH sT.
ly+fXs y< $<q |]wT <s |\T$<eTTq y< de\T u\
n+~dTHsT (SVMS). >T{ ks+ neT\T sT|&+~. +<|<X
sh |s d+dysT u\ =s jyd+ @s]+~. =+&|
sV<] yjT&+~. |> |<+ eTT+<&T>T yd+~. esD H\T>T
eT\\ H\T>T yse eT+b\T {+ k$T y] de\ n]+#sT.
$<+> nuT<jT esZ+ sT <ekq+ |jTd+~. <s sTeT\
+ u\ b* =+>T +>syT n\ssT+~. *jTT> y+syT,
qT\ |+&T>> $s\T+~.
 s T ] $jY T #< ]

29

 d+<sq+
l y+fXsk$T <sH <s sTeT\ $#jTT
j\ es|u >+ +eT <s q $TdT+ ~. <ssTeT\
j\ b* yT n~ <e. Vq <e, e#y], yy]
B$+ |+|T+~. y] qT\T n+<T+T+~. |yX+ #dq
j\ <ekq+ <sX\, sTeT\ sT| <ekq+ <sX\,
|eT><e] dVs +<+ u+, @\sTysT ]+q <sX\,
>T+&T>=\qT y] <sX\ ed ks+ \_dT+~. k$Ty] d~
#sT & jT\T<s j\ k$Td~ M~ s<X \, |s b<+
yVqX\ >#]ksTT. u |sds+> ]+q k$T y] DeT+|+
q|&TT+~. < dsdH <ekq| n~ ueq+ +~. =+& #sTe&
ju<T yTT HsTT. |\+q <V\, |se+# eTqdT\
u\T >$+<H<\T #d m>Te y\ k$T d$+#& yTT
m y*. yTTyTT dTs\T |Hs n|dT+~. eTT{ <e\T
u* VdTHs nq nqTu \T>TT+~.
n|&T <D_eTTK+> q <T n+dT\ |< >|s+ e<
#sT+{eTT. >|s+ d| TTw\ $>V\T, n|sd\ k+<seTsT\T
j\qT n\]ksTT. >esq<] \+ j* qjTT* #dT+~.
u&T u q n+ mT |s>\H ~e d+<X+ n+~k+< nqT>
>|s+ m+ mT> +T+~. B \seTDjT, sD #Ts+
j\qT eTT>T\qT $dT+~. eTT+<T k |<D |<+ edT+~.
>*>|s <s+ <>H &y|q <ekq+ y] nsq, yTT&,
n] de\{T $sTT+# s\jT+ q&TT+~. |&eT{ bs+
|<s sT\ eT+~s\T q&sTT. |&e T{ bs d$|+ sTe+|&
(seqTL+) n+sTUH (|]s\ X\) HsTT. |&eT{ >*>|s+
30  l

<s sTeT\ +

<{ qq+> ]+q dT$X\yTq D q&TT+~. <

eTT+<T u>+ d |sTw\ kH\T $+#& <ekq+ ]+q
kH\ ><T\T HsTT. |&eTs >*>|s| <s+ qT+& |Ts&T
=+&eTXs k$T >T& esZ+ +~.
=+& e T X s T & T b \ & T . u + H j T T& T b \& T .
l y+fXs\j <{q |eT =+&Ks+ |q eT*sTqk$T
<y\jT+ +~. eT*sTH \jT b++ Xw |D +>qT, l y+fX s\jT
b++ Xw |#+>qT u\T u$ksT. e<e&q eT*sTqT
<sq+ #jT <s sTeT\ y+fXs <sq+ d+|Ps <ssTeT\
j |*+ |k~+|<T. =+&eTXsT&T ~>Te |uTe de <e
#|T+{&T. l y+fXsTq n|#s+ #jTe< V#]d+{&T.
k$T n|#s+ #d \\T> e]bsTTq y] q>T& <] #|+{&T.
<H |+& =&T\ + n+{sT. e<esT\ s+&T +\\T, |+&
|<\, u+r\ $>V\T n# b&T|&q H{rs+ q&sTT.
, e|T edeTT\ eT*sTq k$T $XwyTq y\T sT>TsTT.
eTVes k$T DeTe+ yue+> sT>TT+~. e
>T&<TsT> &#T qT+& #d c><e] rs\es >\ b+\T
q&jTH |r +~.
l y+fXsk$T sbs |s| #]jT \T n&Te#sTT.
n+<T# s esZ<T. s| >* >|s+ $wqT $>V+
+~. Xe\ >D| |eT e+<jTT&T. ywe\ $wqT&T |<eT
|PjTT&T. ds $|T VsT&T. XqeT\ j>X\ +~. sT bs+
<ekq| s\jT+, KCH HsTT. k$Ty] eTTU\j eTT+<T>
<d+u+ +~. <d+u+ e< u+HjTT&T >sT&T&T k$Ty]
n_eTTK+> |w+|&sT. < d$|+ <s \+ >sT+T&T
y*q +&T #T +&~. 1969 e d+es+ eq |qT TbqT
eT\+> n~ $] |&bsTT+~. l y+fXs k$T n~ed+# \jT+
|<sT| e q+<\jT+ n eeV]+| &T+~. k$Ty]
 s T ] $jY T #< ]

31

eTTKeT+|+ eTT&T|\T, yTT &T\T deT]+#& |<qyTq

VQ+& +~. >s\jT| eTTK<s+ e<, k$T y] <ysT\ d~
L & q q V Q +& \ T HsTT. \j T bs + L ss + >
+T+~. <y\jT b+>D+ H\T>T eT\ H\T>T yse eT+b\T
HsTT. esD u>& #T y|+ +{sTT. =+&MT< |
seTDjT u* |seq+<u]T* $d+T+~. |<D |<+
|<ssqT d$+, =+&eTXsT <]+, $wqT |P+,
<d+u+ d$|+ u+HjT, >sT&sqT n]+, q+<\jT
$eH \+, |\+ j\T eTTKeT+| <s+ >T+& k$Ty]
d~ #sT+{sT.
<ssTeT\ l y+yXsT d~ u\ b*{ |~.
k$Ty] >*>|s+ # u\T ds+ eTsbsT. k$Ty]
\+ u\T eTqT yT eTsbsT. eTT+<T> k$T e $>V\T
q&sTT. e lydeT] <sqyTq |eT djT+ e eT]jTq
eT\$s{ lydeT] <sqeTeT+~. |\ <sq $Td+{&T.
*# b< |P\+<T+ q&&T. k$T bb<T&T }sjT
$>V ds|&T. b<<sq+, b<sq u\ |k~+# |w
lydeT] >#]k&T. $<+> eT] ds|& k$T u\qT
nqT>Vk&T.
eTD+, eTT|HeT+, X+KT #\ dsusD\,
nujTVd+ u\| sTD<w\qT |d]d+{&T. <ssTeT\
l y+fXsT&T sTDesTD\jTT&T. <jdeTT<T&T. bk>sT&T.
ssVsT \+<T+ eTjTT& lseTDT&T u\ qHqTu
|s+|s\T *d+{&T. n{ k$Ty] k+<s+, eTVeT, sTD
>T+&\qT |+&+#T =q u\T k$T e<* y, <* bC\
HeT~> <T\T n\yT\T eT+>eT d<q+ eksT. n\yT\TeT+>
\qT q*. u\ b*{ \sTe. |<b<, |<>, |<H,
|< e<q nsTTq |<er<$ b<|< \qT <]+, d$+ u \ T ;;H+#sT
neTy] d$ksT. $<+> k$Ty] <sq+ $+q u\T eT
eTHeT+~s\qT q+< \j\T> eT\#T+{sT. |< y~
32  l

<s sTeT\ +

nH ~e eT+~s+ lyd <sq+eT\+> { q+<+, nqTu,

$d+ u\T b+<TsT.
neyTq |se $>Vs|+> eeTe&T. ssT&T
ksT&T>, HeTsVT&T HeT<sT&T> +, eT{, <sTe,
\, V+ HeTsb\qT d+]+#T= uq dT\uT&eTH&T.
$>V+sZT&q u>yqT&T w+&T, d\T&T, $ue&T, n+s$T
ds|&T, nsds|&T, d, n#T, nsT< He\ |P+|&&T.
{ <eeTsT\T <e |weTT, TTw |weTT, eTqTw |weTT,
|sD |d<eTT djT+ eeTT $w]+|&sTT. $we $>V
s|+ nsds|& ly+fXsT> <ssTeT\ +| djT+
e ds|&j&T. # ly+seTDeT] djT+ e eT].
<ssTeT\ + djT+ e +.
{ djT+ eyTq ~e + eTTK+> +Hj\jT+,
dTVD\jT+, >+>qeT >T& j\T <]+#e\dq <y\j\T.
eT<> |sD|d<yTq |<dses eTT+~. ~ H&T |dsT
HsT n |\Te&T+~. B <D
u>+ sM~ l +Hj \jT+
+~. l +HjTT&T b\&T. jq+d+s&T. n+<T#
+HjTT&T j qdesjTT&T. dTVDT&T (esk$T)
sdTs d+VsyT q bb l y+fX sT d$+ y]+#T=H&T.
es< ] HeT+ l y+fX sT&T |P+| &TTH&T. l y+fX sT
|sd d]+#T+ dTVDT&T + * y*X&T.
eTV|$yTq dT<sq |w]D (k$T |w]D) d$|+ s_eTTK+>
dTVD\jT+ +~. esZs X< ww dTVDk$T d<q+
>=|rs+ sT>TT+~. # d+q b| , Cq b| u \ T dTVDXsT
d$ksT.
sXeT+ nq|PsXeT+, VsH<XeT+ + <]+#e\dq
|<qyTq Xe\T. sXeT+ eTXsT =+&~>Te u>+
+~. XeT k|\T l >TsC& dTVD#sT\T. XeT+
sXs k$T, MsV+< k$T sq y<q\T sT>TsTT.
 s T ] $jY T #< ]

33

$\ eTddT\ s\ *+# XeT+ sT sXeT+. nq|PsXeT+

>T+&T>=\qT y] d| d$|+ +~. XeT k|\T l b|*
D
<dT. ~ k<T e\ ydkq+. nq|Ps uy k\qT, d+sq \
uq\ ~ +<+. VsH<XeT+ <D+> q *+>jT
#sTe rsq +~. B VsH<uu @V\T, dbV\T, deTsq\T,
HeTd+sH\T, d<Zw\T sT>TT+{sTT. XeT eek|\T
le&| *+>sE Xs. ~ u |#s |s+, u |ks +<+.
sT y eTTK+> j\T #&e\d+~ k$Ty] q+<H<qeq+.
B|c\T k$T y] nsq |jksT. B |c\ Vs\T
#d k$Ty] neTys n\+]ksT. |P\ n+<yTq
T\d+<eq+ +~. T\deq+ T\d<\ T\de\\T s+
k$T n]ksT. M <\qT k$Ty] e\de $jksT.
q+<H<qeH <ekq+ X<> bw+ sk+~.
@ d\ l$wb<<+ |eVdT+< |<X\ XeT
$]$> \_dT+~. n~ |<q+> ls+>+, ly+{#\+, lLs+,
e<y#\+, d+V#\+, |j> ~>>\ lV] \ n~+>
\_dT+<, < l$wb<<+ He\T <]+#& |j+#\
|<|sD+ |{++~. XeTs+ >\d\+ ~ed\+> lV]
eTV +> +T+~. <ssTeT\ eTV d$|+ XeTs\T
HsTT. n+<T# B l$wb<<+ # |yTq +> eTq+
|]>D+#*. <T |]X<H |*+> dT<>qT\ dT< C&\T
jsT$+#&, dyT+T \|& $jdTHsT. dT<>qT\
d$|+ C&\ b\ T y\dq$. dT< $<X\ m>TeT #jT &T+~.
<<s eTq $<Xes <e+ \_k+~. # >\ d dT<>qT\
j \T ~# y $X c \qT > V +# e # T qT. d T < q T
>|sD\, >&\ y\yjT& L& y&TTHsT. u\T
XeTqT <s sTeT\ j V+> =bsTT He\T
<]dT+{sT.

S
34  l

<s sTeT\ +

dy yue+
e, yse, | e, eke, jTHe, d+esy~
$$<e q+<T&T <ssTeT\ l y+fX &T. l n\s\+>dyT T&q
lydk$T D+` |#sD\ eT+>y< $Xc\ +
y\T <s sTeT\ + sT>TT+{sTT. <s sTeTXsT
~e <y\jT b+>D+ k$Ty] y\T, }s+|\T deT
k>TH +{sTT. |~q+ ]seT+> k$T u>\T, qT\T
|sE n+<TT+{sTT. y\eT+~ u\T k$T d$ksT.
ds y sq, V]ysq k$T y\ =\~ u \ T <]ksT . |s ~H\qT,
De deTj\qT \~ j\T k$T n]ksT. u\T
k$T yTT\T eTT&T|\T #*ksT. yVHy\T, dVd ncs
XHesq\T, |\ y\T $$< |k<y<q\T, ss VsT\T
~>>\ ] de\T n+~ksT. XK+&q+, nq bXq+, nsud+,
<, |qjTq+, $yV~ Xus\T sT|+{sT.
d+u+b, uT\ n#TbjTT, &qT >T&#T |
yTT<q yTT\T #*+#T+{sT. dHsjTD e+, l y+fXs
Bbs<q+ sV+#T+{sT. de\ <ekq+ sTdTeTT\T rdT=
deTTyTq jTsT $k+~.
e y+#>\ eTV\T dT<sq |w]D kq+ #d k$Ty]
\jT| yqT u>+ kc+> <+& |DeT+ bD#s+ |&sT.
y] <, \ *jTT>XsT&q l y+fXsT <sq+ \_ksTT.
l y+fXsqT>V+ d~dT+~. y] d+q b| \T>TT+~. ~
<s sTeTXsT&T #| | <sq+.
 s T ] $jY T #< ]

35

<s sTeT\ y+fXsT&T #|q, #|Tq \\T, eTVeT\T,

nqTuT\T, u\ nqTuyy<\T, nd+U\T, nqT|eH\T. ={
dsd T b++ Msu <e< us u < ed+#y&T. ysT <ssTeT\
H<T u\T. eTsTH&T >eT+ |sTX seT | neT+~. qT
<ssTeT\ ydyTsT $+#T eT y+fXsT&T <+|T\
\ *| s+#&T.
k$Ty] y\T dT|u|sq+ bs+ueTsTT. k$T
yT*| <s u\T eT <e C>+ $+#T=+{sT.
k$T y] u\T $+# yT\T| eT V<jTeT+~s\ k$T
\T|e& #d |u >q+ ` dT|u sq+ ` n< l y+fXs
dT|u+.
l<suBX Vs eTTss
leTqq+\j~| dsXwH
e+bV dT+<sH \CH
l <s #\| e dT|uyT.
+ T+Ts-< eT<THXeDeTq
MDsyD |u<sTTT+ |e'
+sjTq eT<THeTMDq
l <s #\| e dT|uyT.
~e<eT |seT+ |e< bC'
|P+# seTeusD_seT+
yUqk~ |seTj w$+#
l <s #\| e dT|uyT.
CdBjT|<o\|P <X
d+e]X ue' sTD{'
yTe q' \<q+ XsD+ ||<
l <s #\| e dT|uyT.

36  l

<s sTeT\ +

y<dBjT eTVy\ beH

b+NV>jT e#+d eTTUXT]'
w <eseTj |]bVk$TH
l <s #\| e dT|uyT.
+<q sT|j~ sC'
+ d$sD<H~| XseTTU'
d+deeq #sD+T~e<eTH
l <s #\| e dT|uyT.
eT+seTT~Zs eTeTTH<e'
b<<jTd |ses eTT<Vs+
Xs$X$eD yeVd'
l <s #\| e dT|uyT.
<s sTeT\H<T y\T $<yTq dT|ude
bs+ueTsTT. eT+>y<\ dT>+<<b\ y+& _+< dT<sq
|w]D qT+& k$Ty] nsq\ rs|_+<qT nskeTT\T k$T
d<q+ =eksT. |+#+> XeD+ sT>TT+~. sTy nsq\T,
u\u>+, k$T n+<T+{&T. u\ <s<sq u>+ |k~k&T.
dVdHesq\T, ncs XHesq\T d]k&T. eT<V+ |H+&T
>+\ su>+ (HjT[V) nqTu$k&T. u\T n]+# $$<
|k<u>\T, y<qT n+<T= y] nqT>Vk&T. u\ yTT\T
#*+#Te& sTdTeTT #*+ $+# >sT&, XwyVHy\qT,
s yVHy\qT, >eT|\ y&T* b+~ y] sTDk&T.
u\T q De+ $+#T e& neX+ *k&T.
k$Ty] eeTsT\ yVHy\T, |\de\T, Dy\T
sT>TsTT. y\T $+#y], \+#y] H |s+, XeD
|s+ \T>TsTT. y] eTqdT\T u bseX+ #+<TsTT.
j* $T+> q+~+| Cd~ k$Ty] kHe+.
l<$ u <$ dyT T&q lydeT] e $>V \qT <y\jT b+>D+
 s T ] $jY T #< ]

37

s eT+&|+ kjT+ deTjT+ \T|sT. n|&T k$T =\Te

lydeT]jT H\e H\ =+{&T. sH<\, eT<T>H\,
eT+> y<\, #+<q #s\, |{ \T\, <|B| y<q\
eTHVs+> de =qk>TT+~. H{ k$Ty] <jTej\T
y~+#&sTT. BH |uTe+ n L& |\TksT. kjT+
deTjT+ bq+, e&||  | +> k$Ty] ]> y<q +. k$Ty]
]> y\ beTTK+ eV+q e+ |uTe+.
kjT+ d+<deTjT+ k$Ty] jT<$~> nsq sT>TT+~.
$<yTq sq\T b+~q k$T s=$T~ >+\ |e[+|
de sT>TT+~. n< @+de. b\&*| Xw\+|q |e[+#
k$T ~e y+s<eT+ eT\k<+ seseTDT& XjT+# k$T,
XB|+ dT+<se T+~s+ eTT\ , ~eXSsT\ b<de\T b+<T
<T]+# k$T <ssTeT\ q+<\jT+ |< y~ qT+&
<* e +>sT >TTj\ l<$, u<$ dyTT& lydT&T
u\T $+# |e[+| de\T b+<T&T. u\ eTqdT\qT +>sT
j\qT $+#T= eT> ~k&T. k$Ty] |e[+| de\T
b+<T&T. k$Ty] |e[+| de \+# |u&T q eTqdTH
j\ $+#T= k$T &dTH&H eT<TsqTu b+<T&T.
|<y~ qT+& <* e q eTHeT+~s+H XjT+#& q&e
qT\ eTT+<T +&$dTH& n|dT+~. <s sTeT\H<T @+
dy<sq+ uq eT<Ts, eT+E\, eTHVs, dT+<s, dTeT<Ts
dbqTue+ *dT+~, *dT+~.

S
38  l

<s sTeT\ +

 D+
djT+ e eT]jTq <s sTeT\ ly+ seTDeT]
jT<$~> y\T eyT> |yTq ysy\T, |y\T,
eky\T, jTHy\T, Dy\T sT>TsTT. k$Ty]
]> ysy\ Xyse+, Xyse+ eTTKyTq $. |Xys+H&T
k$Ty] y\ e+ sT>TT+~. s k$T, <y\jT b+>D+
>jT~XqT>\ eT+b $#ksT . u \ <s q$TksT . Xyse+
|sD|d<yT+~. BH dsyse+ nL& n+{sT. Xyse+
$weT] VQ|syT+~. yd eTVTTw $wu>yqTq Xyse+
$+#&T.
n{ $w|syTq Xyse+ k$T eTV yue+> sT>TT+~.
y~ u\T Xys+ H&T k$T d$+#& eksT. | Xys+
H&T ujTjs y\ y\T sT>TsTT. k$Ty] <ysT\qT
HTT ~X eT+|+ y+#| #ksT. $ eTTKyTq ysy\T.
uj
T <X \T, b]eT, neyd\ | y\T k$T sT>TsTT.
|ed+ e# uj
T <X \ k$Ty] yjTTe eT\>\ eT+&|+
y+#|#d | y\T $ksT. | bs$T, neyd ~H\
Xq eT\eT+|+ | de\T sT>TsTT. $ k$T ]>
|<qyTq |y\T. XeD+ l y+fXsT qq+. |qsdT
lseTT qq+. |ed+ XeD+, |qsdT q\T >\ ~H\
k$Ty] yj T Te eT\> \ eT+| + y + # | # d | y T q
y\T $ksT. $ k$T ]> eky\T. s, eTsd+eTD
eTV|s ~H\ Xq eT\ eT+|+ ds Hs Dj
T yTq jTHy\T
sT>TsTT. sTy+>& eTT&jTdt (ly+fXs k$T) jT+,
X< |+#$T (eT>s q+) H&T +& (|<e) jT+, Hw$T
 s T ] $jY T #< ]

39

H&T DH (wu>yqT) jT+, lseTqe$T H&T lseTT q~q+,

yXKed+ X<j<H&T qsd+Vk$T jT+ <s sTeT\
+ eTV+ sT|&sTT. nes |sTw\ jT+Ty\T
u X<\ sV+|&sTT.
bsTT|T, |P<, |jT, sTeTDXjT, \XKs, |]jT, =+&s&b&,
sTbD, deT, leTH<eTT, &jTesY, usY, eTqyeTVeTT
~>>\ |<ssT\ us<X+ dT|d< ywe eTV\
e + | eT+~s\T jT$T jT+T\T, |>\TeT,
s|T y\T s>&+ $Xw+! &jTesT (seqTE\) =+&s&b&
sT ($|HsjTD), eTqyeTVeTT, qesT\ sTq\T
X<> sT|&sTT. sTq s+u~H =+ n+{sT.
de|~H Cs n+{sT. $T> s jT+ y\T L&
|Tq+> sT|sT.
d+es+ k$Ty] eTTK|s~H\qT, |+&T>\qT, mH
|< q y\T sT>TsTT. # ed+ >~H&T d+es~ eT+|+
k$Ty] H|syTq, n|PsyTq e+ sT>TT+~. >~
eT+&b ly+fXsT nqTe+ ns keTTq eTVuUeTDTq
leH |~+{ y+ Xc#sT\ysT eTjT ds\D k+<sX_+>
]+#sT. Xc#sT\T>sT djT+eeT] u |sds+> ds+
#sTT+ deT]+#sT. eT+&|+ k$Ty] y\ m<TsT> q
s<X\ yqTu>+ +~. >~H&T k$T eT+&|+ *|
|+#+> XeD+ #sTT+, |P u>\T $ksT. yXKed+ qd+V
j T + y X K X < @< qT+& bs $ T| s + + d j T + e y T q
l y+fXsk$T DeTe+ qjTHq+<+> sV+|&sTT.
XeD ed+ lwHw$T, &sVDe+ #> kbsTT.
ojTTed+ qesy\T |Tq+> sT>TsTT. nujTeTsTq
jTujs $Xw+> +esq\T d\T|&sTT. uJ, <ds
y&T\T &T seT+> sT|+{&T. u\ y&T\ b\T |+#T&T.
40  l

<s sTeT\ +

$jT<X$TH&T bsTy{e+ sT>TT+~. qsd+Vk>s rs+

$<X$T eT+&|+ +~. < dsdH XMT e+ +~. k$T $jT<X$T
H&T $jT<X$T eT+&b y+#ksT. n# XMT |P sT>TT+~.
k$Ty] de, |P, u>+ sT>TsTT. ojTTed+H sT|
=e |w+q eT] De+ sT>TT+~.
ed+ s_<< qsd+V k>s+ k$T be+
sT>TT+~. s_k>s eT<qs&T, s_XjTqT&q l y+fXsT&T
l<$, u<$ dyTT& || qsd+Vk>s+ s_<< eTV|s~Hq
<{ qsd+ Vk>s |&e T{~X> |s Ks+| H\=q s _eT+&|+
=\Te BsT&T. s _eT+b nskeTTq l |~+{ qd+V#sT\
ysT {+ k$T y] qT> n]+#&T. eT+&|+ k$T
kHe+ sT>TT+~. deTT+> nsq =qk>TT+~. q
y<q+ ] u\ |k<+> |+#&TT+~. eT+&|+ >\ |s
Ks #\ yT n+{sT. ~ s_XjTqTq s_<<H&T
]> s_ eT+&|de. H&T ly] qsd+V k>s+ <{q u\T
d+ks k>s dT\u+> <>\T>T sT.
lydTq ]> <qTsky\T u\qT <qT\qT #ksTT.
sTbe nqTd+<H\T $]$> + k>TsTT. <qTsd+ H\~H\T
k$T >yy\T $Xw+> sV+|&sTT. H\ ~H\T |<dses
rs+ (|dsTHsT ) <qTsdeT+&|+ <e y+#| #d dy\+
q&|, s+#H \T ]|ksT . |k<y<q \T $ksT . @H&T >ye+
]H ] q+<\jT+ |<y~ q\+]+#& ydeTjT+
DeT+&b s<X\ <D+> sM~ ]yTq $deT+&|+
y+#d, $X+b+~, de\T, s+|\T n+<T+{&T. |eT k$T
|<y~ |yk&T. <qTsd+ e# eTT{ @<H&T u\
eTT{ <e\ lydT&T s|<sq+ nqT>Vk&T. q #\
#|\, Beq\ sTDk&T. k$Ty] s|<sq+ $+q
y] eqeJ$| DyTq jT<sds|+ ne>eTeT+~. s
 s T ] $jY T #< ]

41

<s <sq+ yesZ+ dT>eTeTeT+~. H{qT+& |~sE\T

n<jTHy\T sT>TsTT. s ~e |+<\T >q+ #jT&sTT.
=* @<, eTT{ @<, ;w @< ~>>\ V]yds |s~H\
<s s T eT\ + lV ]HeT d + s q +, lV ] b< deq+
q ksTT k>TsTT. uH&T uD+ ` eTsd++H&T
njTHe+, >ye+ k$T $ksT. qTeTH&T ly] ]
|<De+ #ksT. k$TysT ueTs+udyTT& y\dq leT*sTq
k$T ~e <y\jT+ >\ |s Ks |<D+ $+ ] eksT.
<=sk b&T q d++ eT+&|+ dqT kHe+ b+<TsT.
H&T lseTD+ $+#&+ nq#q+> edq #s+. lseTD
yuy u\T \ksT. k$Ty] ]|<D+ $+q y]
u|<D+ $+ |\+ d~dT+<q~ u\ $Xd+. k$Td+
d + + eT+& b | P yd e s q leT ]| s | + <
s+>HjTeT>sT ]+|Cd #]sT\jsT.
k$Ty] ]> n y\ mq<q$ y] Dy\T.
n$ u \ qT\T. + ly] s jTD+ k], <D jTq+
k], Dy\T s>&+ n|Ps+. us<X+ @ +qT,
@ <eeT] sT> $<+> s+&T |sjTeTT\T + sT
k$T Dy\T sT>TTHsTT. $<+> Dy\T sV+#
d+|<j <s sTeT\+ HjT&q ly+fXsT&T
eyT @ <VsD. B sD+ sTT# s+&T <eeTsT\T
+&&yT! M { djT+e eT]. sT| qT+& >yT sB
= & >eTXkqTks+> djT+eyTq <eeT] yqT |s+|
|<y~ |w+|&q eT] s+&e~.
lseT#+<T |eTVQ&q n eTVsE yXK bs$TH&T
djT+ e eT] D+ $+#&T. #s+ nq#q+> ek+~.
n$q+> H{ k>T+~. |w+|&q s+&e <eeT] ojTT
bs$TH&T D+ sT>TT+~. s+&T Dy\T yUqk>y
|s+ |+#V B sV+|&sTT.
42  l

<s sTeT\ +

D\ yXK ed D+ |<qyT+~. yXK X<<X$T

H&T >sT&sT eTT{ <e\qT k$T Dy&T\qT \+#&
Vk&T. $wqT&T u\qT |+& |\Tk&T. H&T k$T
|wyVq+| >ye+ sT>TT+~. @< H&T TT>sD+,
n+ssD, <CsVD+ sT>TsTT. k$T |+& esT& l<$
u <e\T |+& es sC~s yVq+| }s>TsT. yX K bs$ TH&T
k$Ty] D eTe+ sT>TT+~. B sT||q$T n+{sT.
<snbse >sT ]+q DeT+&|+ k$Ty] $yV
eTe+ sV+#&TT+~. nXw u qT\T eT> |+&ysT>,
<s sTeT\ ydT\T &|+&y sT>, eeV]+ k$Ty] De+
sVksT. |eT k$T >sT& yVHs&T& sTM<T\ }s u\
<sq$Tk&T.
<d' dU yVq edq+ <CjTdH+ eq+ sTeTjT'
nH $<+> ~<T&T, <e<e&q lydT&T q nqqkeqyTq,
nk<sDyTq, n|VyTq, dsqV<jV<yTq >sT&yVH
n~sV+ k$T u\ |k~+# <sq yue+ n|PsyT+~. k$Ty]
y+& >sT&yVq+, y+& XwyVq+, \ >sT& yVq+, \ XwyVq+,
bq yVq+ HsTT. |w, sC~s, V+d, >, nX VqTeT+,
ds|u ~>>\ yVH\T HsTT.D deTjT+ $$< yVqde\T
b+<T <Xes\ u\qT ]+|Ck&T.
eTsTH&T k$Ty] s<e+ u\ eTHs<e+> kbT+~.
dVdos' |sTw' dVd os+ <e+ nH uVA<se H+
nH |eD y\qT s|d nq+s|jT, $Xds|jT lydT&T
s<+ >#]k&T. k$Ty] s<+ sT dT$X\ $X+> q&TT+~.
$Xs< q&|dq dHq ks~> ly+fXsT&T >#]k&T.
$Xs| d+<sq u>+e\ ujT, $djT, d+<V\T =\bsTT,
q+<+, qTu d~ksTT. dT<Tss $T<+ s|+ <wyqd
 s T ] $jY T #< ]

43

jTqeT, <y ned s|d + <sq+D' n<w|Ps+ Vwd

<cuj
T q# |e~+ eTHyT nH $<+ > >#]+# k$Ty] $Xsb
H{ s < j \ + ] +| e # T qT. q +< H sV D+
HeTVssTeeTT<+ jTeX+ Hdc+ u$w eTHs<H nq~
V|sDe#q+. k$Ty] s<j<sq+ d~+q y] eTHs<d~
\_dT+~. |eT y<|+& d<dT, l |wj>+ sT>TsTT. $<+>
djT+e eTsT\ yXK D eTe+ sT>TT+~.
$<+>H eT+H Xs\+ ojTT ed D+
>y |s+ |w+|&q eT] ojTT bs$T sT>TT+~.
ed+ \+ D+, Xs\+ D+ ujTy+fXsT
sT>TsTT! k$Ty] sT Dy\T u \ D+, deD+,
sh D+, <XD+, D+ d~+|CksTT.
$<yTq n+>s+> yuy\T b+< k$T Xys+ H&T
e&sT|Ds+, neydH&T nb\T, bs$T H&T <d\T, d+eTD+,
XeD+, |qsdT e deTj\ e&\T u>\T> deT]+|&sTT!
{ u>\T d]d u>lydT&T u\ u>u>\T |k~dTH&T.
ly+fXsT d$+#& Xys+ VQ|\ |<yT+~. u&T
Xys+ H&T $+#de k$T VQ|byT+~. XeD Xys\
XeD+ q qyTq y+fXsT dT|dqT $+#Te&+ dT\u+.
@ XysyTH k$T desq ly+fXsTq nK+& Bbs<q
$+# @Xyse+ ds<e eTsT\qT d$+q | |k~dT+~.
l y+fXs Bbs<q L&q Xys e+ d\ <e\
de\T $+q |*# eTTKyTq e+! d+Xj\, d+<V\
e | |eDyTq e+ ly+fXsT Xys e+. d\
es\ysT, n+<s #]+#& nqTL\yTq e$T~. e+ Bbs<q
|<qyT+~.
44  l

<s sTeT\ +

|syTXsT&T Cds|&T. u&T |syTXsTD Bbs<q $+

Cds|> s~k&T. Cds|&q |syTXs |s+C
u V<jT+ nCH+<s =\+#& CqB|+ y*+
nqT>Vk&T. n< l y+fXs Bbs<q +. n< Xys
e+ |ses+.
n+<T#H ly+fX qy<y, qu q u$ w nH |eDy+
|d<yT+~. u He[ s<syT+~. qTdsDjTyT+~. l <s
sTeT\ HjT&q ly+fXsT l#sD\, eT+> VsT\T
n]<eTT.

S

 s T ] $jY T #< ]

45

46  l

<s sTeT\ +

|{+~ DT,
|]+~ &|sT
_.m. +<jTe]{,
_.m. +<jT]{.
e HjTy~,
|e |d |sq+,
|d\T yjT+, Kq+.
HjTy~ : VsT |t +<|<X
s s#q\T :
>eT T<T u<q\T
<sy<T
lseT jT><
s ....
u seT<dT sq\T
X+\ ` d y<+
BeT <eTjT+

 s T ] $jY T #< ]

47

48  l

<s sTeT\ +