Topic3 Just Food Resources

Topic 3
The Soil
System and
Food
Production
Students will be able to:

-to discuss the links that exist between social systems and food
production systems.
Food Resources
Topic 3
The Soil
System and
Food
Production

production systems.
Human food
systems:
1. Croplands
2. Rangelands
3. Oceanic
fisheries
Topic 3
The Soil
System and
Food
Production

production systems.
4 Types of cropland
(agriculture) systems:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PP--_lg7P
jQ
Uses large amounts

of fossil fuels
Land
energy, water,
Labor
commercial fertilizer,
and pesticides to
Capital
produce huge
quantities of single
Fossil fuel
crops or livestock
energy
animals for sale.
Industrialized agriculture 25% of croplands in
in developed countries
Topic 3
The Soil
System and
Food
Production

production systems.
Land
Labor
Capital
Fossil fuel energy
http://www.youtube.
com/watch?v=YAUqxhg
bp34
http://www.youtube
.com/watch?v=NVRJE
4Vlds0
Intensive traditional agriculture

in developing countries
Uses large amounts of human input and

draft labor, water, and fertilizer, to produce
enough food to feed their families and sell
for income.
In North America 2.4% of labor force is used
Topic 3
The Soil
System and
Food
Production

production systems.
Land
Labor
Capital
http://www.youtube.c
Shifting cultivation in tropical
om/watch?v=IufJSmlk4
z8
forests in developing countries
Growing cash crops on large monoculture

plantations, mostly for sale.
Farmers burn an area because it is too difficult to
clear by hand and they do not have machines.
The bacteria and insects are killed so the soil
cannot replenish itself and is left without root
structure so it erodes very easily.
Topic 3
The Soil
System and
Food
Production

production systems.
Land
Labor
Capital
http://www.youtube.c
Shifting cultivation in tropical
om/watch?v=IufJSmlk4
forests in developing countries
z8
Growing cash crops on large monoculture

plantations, mostly for sale.
A large amount of livestock production is
industrialized. Mostly pigs and chicken are
raised in densely populated pens and cages
and are fed mostly grain from croplands.
Topic 3
The Soil
System and
Food
Production

production systems.
Land
Labor
Capital
http://www.youtube.com/wa
Nomadic
tch?v=UWJdNXpv_Go
herding in
developing countries
Uses mostly human labor and draft animals

to produce only enough crops or livestock for
a farm familys survival.
Practiced by 2.7 billion people (44% of the
worlds population).
Provide 20% of the worlds food supply.
Topic 3
The Soil
System and
Food
Production

production systems.
Industrialized agriculture Plantation agriculture Intensive traditional agriculture

Shifting cultivation
Nomadic herding
No agriculture
Topic 3
The Soil
System and
Food
Production

production systems.
Rangelands
About 40% of the earths ice-free

land.
This land provides forage or
vegetation for grazing and
browsing animals.
It is not formally farmed but
harvested from what grows
Topic 3
The Soil
System and
Food
Production

production systems.
Nomadic herding
Stock raising on ranges
Topic 3

production systems.
The Soil
System and
Food
Production
Kilocalories of fossil fuel input per kilocalorie of protein output
Food Type
Feed lot beef
20-78
Pigs
35
Broiler chicken
22
Rangeland Beef
10
Sheep
10
Vegetables
2-4
Topic 3
The Soil
System and
Food
Production

production systems.
Fisheries
The worlds third major foodproducing system.

55% of the annual commercial catch
comes from the ocean.
Harvesting methods:
]
]
]
]
Trawler fishing
Purse-seine
Longlineing
Drift-net
Fish Farms
Topic 3
The Soil
System and
Food
Production

production systems.
Trawler
fishing
Spotter airplane
Fish farming
in cage
Purse-seine
fishing
trawl flap
trawl
lines
sonar
fish school
trawl
bag
Drift-net fishing
Long line fishing
Fish caught
by gills
float buoy
lines with
hooks
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8JGC0D1aW_w
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=BnmGbDN278Y
v=25IXLeCPyZU
v=lSuqGZEFv8U
v=ciU0b1b55jc
v=vuRZNLGZ2zw
Topic 3
The Soil
System and
Food
Production

production systems.
The rest of the annual catch

comes from using
] Aquaculture (33%)
] Inland freshwater fishing from
lakes, rivers and reservoirs
(12%)
About
1/3
of the catch
is
Krill
Hake
Sardine Anchovy
Oyster
used as animal
feed,
Shrimp fish
Herring
meal
andMackerel
oils.
Haddock
Lobster
Clam
Octopus
Squid
Topic 3

production systems.
The Soil
System and
Food
Production
Kilocalories
of fossil fuel input per kilocalorie of protein output
Seafood type
Marine Fisheries
Shrimp
3-98
18-52
Salmon
20
Cod
Ocean Aquaculture
Salmon cage
culture
50
Salmon ranching
Seaweed
7-12
1
Topic 3
The Soil
System and
Food
Production

production systems.
Comparing Food Production
Terrestrial
Food is
harvested from
low trophic
levels.
More efficient
fixing of solar
Aquatic
Food is harvested
from higher trophic
levels mostly
because of human
taste.
Energy conversions
are more efficient
along the food
chain.
Topic 3
The Soil
System and
Food
Production

production systems.
Topic 3
The Soil
System and
Food
Production

production systems.
Major environmental
effects of food
production
Topic 3
The Soil
System and
Food
Production

production systems.
Biodiversity Loss
Soil
Loss and degradation of habitat from

clearing grasslands and forests and
draining wetland
Erosion
Fish kills from pesticide runoff
Salinization
Killing of wild predators to protect

livestock
Waterlogging
Loss of genetic diversity from

replacing thousands of wild crop
strains with a few monoculture strains
Loss of fertility
Desertification
Topic 3
The Soil
System and
Food
Production

production systems.
Air Pollution
Greenhouse gas emissions from fossil

Fuel issue
Other air pollutants from fossil fuel use
Pollution from pesticide sprays
Water
Aquifer depletion
Surface and groundwater

pollution from pesticides
and fertilizers
Increased runoff and

flooding from land cleared
Overfertilization of lakes
to grow crops
and slow-moving rivers
Sediment pollution from from runoff of nitrates and
phosphates from
erosion
fertilizers, livestock
wastes, and food
Fish kills from pesticide
processing wastes
runoff
Topic 3
The Soil
System and
Food
Production

production systems.
Human Health
Nitrates in drinking water
Pesticide residues in drinking water,
food, and air
Contamination of drinking and
swimming water with disease organisms
from livestock wastes
Bacterial contamination of meat
Topic 3
The Soil
System and
Food
Production

production systems.
Increasing
Crop
Production
Topic 3
The Soil
System and
Food
Production

production systems.
Try new foods
Increase cultivation of less

widely known plants to
supplement or replace staple
foods.
Insects microlivestock
could be an important
potential source of protein.
Genetic
engineering
Projected
Advantages
Need less fertilizer
Need less water
More resistant to
insects, plant
disease, frost, and
drought
Faster growth
http://www.youtube.com
/watch?
v=1H9WZGKQeYg
Can grow in slightly

salty soils
Less spoilage
Better flavor
Less use of conventional pesticides
Tolerate higher
levels of herbicide
use
Projected
Disadvantages
Irreversible and
unpredictable
genetic and ecological effects
Harmful toxins in
food from possible
plant cell mutations
New allergens
in food
Lower nutrition
Increased evolution
of pesticideresistant insects
and plant diseases
Creation of herbicideresistant weeds
Harm beneficial
insects
Lower genetic
diversity
Topic 3
The Soil
System and
Food
Production

production systems.
Irrigate &
Cultivate
More
Land
In use
Cultivated Grazed
Tropical
forest
11%
10%
Arid land
8%
6%
14%
Forests,
arid
lands
51%
Ice, snow, deserts

mountains
Not usable

Topic3 Just Food Resources

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Topic 3

Students will be able to:

Students will be able to:

Students will be able to:

Uses large amounts

Students will be able to:

Intensive traditional agriculture

Uses large amounts of human input and

Students will be able to:

Growing cash crops on large monoculture

Students will be able to:

Growing cash crops on large monoculture

Students will be able to:

Uses mostly human labor and draft animals

Students will be able to:

Industrialized agriculture Plantation agriculture Intensive traditional agriculture

Students will be able to:

About 40% of the earths ice-free

Students will be able to:

Stock raising on ranges

Students will be able to:

Students will be able to:

The worlds third major foodproducing system.

Students will be able to:

Students will be able to:

The rest of the annual catch

Students will be able to:

Students will be able to:

Comparing Food Production

Students will be able to:

Students will be able to:

Students will be able to:

Loss and degradation of habitat from

Fish kills from pesticide runoff

Killing of wild predators to protect

Loss of genetic diversity from

Students will be able to:

Greenhouse gas emissions from fossil

Other air pollutants from fossil fuel use

Pollution from pesticide sprays

Surface and groundwater

Increased runoff and

Students will be able to:

Students will be able to:

Students will be able to:

Try new foods

Increase cultivation of less

Can grow in slightly

Students will be able to:

Ice, snow, deserts

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