II

B B

I I
A

IB

Blood Type Lab

Report
Date:
March 18, 2015
Group Members (1102):
Trapoom Rattanaatikul (PP)
Varinthorn Suwattnanon (James)

Introduction
The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate how blood testing work, be able to identify our blood
types, understand why we have inherited this specific blood type, and be able to further determine the possibility
of our parents blood type in other scenarios.
Mendels pea plant model may has illustrated that one gene of two alleles are used to determine
particular characteristics, but that does not mean that all characteristics have to rely on a single kind of gene.
Hence, more complexed patterns of a gene must exist.
Multiple alleles trait is one of the types of non-Mendelian inheritance pattern which related to a trait that
have more than two alleles controlling one specific trait. An allele in multiple alleles trait can be dominance
pattern, completely recessive, codominant, or incomplete dominance. [1] For instance, the ABO blood group
which is discovered by Karl Landsteiner.
Human ABO blood type is one of the most common examples of a multiple allele inheritance. I A, ii and
IB are alleles for blood type in the human population. Each person has two of these alleles, for example, I AIA, IAIB
or IBi. Blood type A and B are codominant and type O is recessive to both A and B. There are four major blood
groups determined by antigen A and B. Group A has only antigen A on red blood cells, group B has only antigen
B, group AB has both antigen A and B, and group O has neither A nor B antigen on red cells. [2]
Antigens are foreign substance that go into the body to motivate an immune response (antibody), which
are on the blood cell surface. Antibodies (immunoglobulins) are specialized protein that defend foreign
substance into the body producing by antigen. It can recognize a specific antigens in order to destroy only
foreign substance, also it is in blood plasma.[3] Antigens can be provoked by similar labeled antibodies. In other
words, they will pair up with their common types and once they do, coagulation will appear.[4] Also, this property
can be used as the protection such as the lymphocyte, which is responding to the pathogen. When the pathogen
invade our body, the lymphocyte would take a role in producing the antibody that fit with the pathogens antigen.
Within this process, the cell can be able to kill the pathogen, and maintain homeostasis. [5] In the practice of blood
transfusion or transplant, we can only accept the certain blood from others since the antigen A produces antibody
B, and antigen B produces antibody A.[6]

Note:
- Gene A, B is DOMINANT as well as codominant.
- Gene O is RECESSIVE.
Materials:
-

2 microscope slides
Anti-A, -B, -AB
Markers
Lancets

Lancet Device
Ethanol
Cotton Ball
3 toothpicks

Methods
1.
2.
3.
4.
circle.
5.

Prepare 2 testing slides.

Draw 2 circles with about 1 centimeter in diameter on each slide.
Label each circle as: Control, Anti-A, Anti-B, Anti-AB
Drop a decent amount of blood (which has been punctured by a qualified personnel) into each
In each circle: Drop Anti-A for circle named Anti- A
Drop Anti-B for circle named Anti-B
Drop Anti-AB for circle named Anti-AB
For the control, do nothing with it

6.

Stir the blood and antigen with a toothpick provided.

(Caution: Use different toothpick for each circle).
7. Wait for some time and observe the change.
8. Record the result.

Results
Figure 1 - PPs blood samples mixing with antibody A, B and AB

Table 1 - Coagulation of blood in each sample after adding antibodies

State: Coagulation/ No
Coagulation
Control

No coagulation

Anti-A

Coagulation

Anti-B

Coagulation

Anti-AB

Coagulation

Keeping in mind that the coagulation in this experiment will occur only when any antigens (A or B) of
the blood are induced by the correct-pairing antibodies dropped. By looking at whether or not the blood
coagulates on the table above, we can certainly realize that the blood type is AB. This is because PPs blood
comprised of both antigen-A and antigen-B which can interact with all antibodies; therefore the AB blood was
able to coagulate in every sample.

PPs situation:
In my case, My mom has blood group AB, My father has blood group B and My sister have blood
groupA . I have blood group AB.That we proved in the blood type testing lab.Why we know my blood group is
AB because my blood coagulation on three slide that have antibody A ,AB,B.The coagulation occurred because
action of antibody and antigen if drop antibody A on blood group AB it will coagulation , if drop antibody B on
blood group AB it will coagulation same.Blood group AB has both Antigen A and B which doesn't has antibody
A or B .When drop antibody A, B, AB to slide therefore the blood coagulation. All possible of my parents
offspring should be blood group A , AB , B because Gene of blood group A and B both of them is dominant or
can call co-dominant. How ever I will draw on punnett square to find the possible scenario offsprings
.