HIV/AIDSandSTIs

1.Gotothefollowingwebsitestoanswerthefollowingquestions:
http://www.hcsc.gc.ca/hcps/dcma/aidssidaeng.php
http://www.hcsc.gc.ca/hcps/dcma/stiitseng.php
WhatdoesHIVandAIDSstandfor?
Whathappenswhenyougetthesediseases?
HowisHIVtransmitted?
WhyisHIVsodifficulttotreatordeveloppreventionsfor?
Whichgroupsofpeoplearemostatrisktoday?
GotooneofthereportsonAIDS.Describetwothingsinthe
reportthatyoudidnotknowbeforeaboutAIDS.
4.GototheSTIswebsiteanddescribethesymptomsofeachof
thefollowing:
i)Chlamydia
ii)Gonorrhea
iii)Herpes(Genital)
iv)HumanPapillomavirus(HPV)
v)Syphilis
5.Howareeachoftheabovetreatedorcured?
i)Chlamydia
ii)Gonorrhea
iii)Herpes(Genital)
iv)HumanPapillomavirus(HPV)
v)Syphilis
6.Whataretheconsequencesofeachofthesediseases?
i)Chlamydia
ii)Gonorrhea
iii)Herpes(Genital)
iv)HumanPapillomavirus(HPV)

v)Syphilis
7.FindaRELIABLEsourcetodescribethedifferenttypesof
hepatitis:
i)HepA
ii)HepB
iii)HepC
8.Whatarethesymptomsofhepatitis?
i)HepA
ii)HepB
iii)HepC
9.Describethetreatmentsorcures?
i)HepA
ii)HepB
iii)HepC
l0.Whataretheconsequencesofeachofthethreetypesof
hepatitis?
i)HepA
ii)HepB
iii)HepC

Answers:
4.i) Chlamydia
Symptoms for women:
Vaginal discharge, burning sensation when urinating, pain in the lower abdomen,
sometimes with fever and chills, pain during sex, vaginal bleeding between
periods or after intercourse
Symptoms for men:
Discharge from the penis, burning sensation when urinating, burning or itching at
the opening of the penis, pain and/or swelling in the testicles
ii) Gonorrhea
Symptoms for women:
A burning sensation when urinating, vaginal discharge, pain in the lower
abdomen, pain during sex, vaginal bleeding between periods or after sex
Symptoms for men:
A burning sensation when urinating, yellowish/white discharge from the penis,
burning or itching at the opening of the penis, painful or swollen testicles
iii) Genital Herpes
Symptoms for women:
Sores inside or near the vagina, the cervix, on the external genitals, near the
anus, or on the thighs or buttocks, tender lumps in the groin (lymphadenopathy)
Symptoms for men:

Sores on the penis, around the testicles, near the anus, or on the thighs or
buttocks, tender lumps in the groin (lymphadenopathy)

iv) Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

General Symptoms:
Anogenital warts (also called Condylomata). However, HPV has no obvious
symptoms.
In women, warts may appear on the vulva, thigh, anus, rectum, or in the vagina
or urethra with the cervix being a common HPV infection site. During pregnancy,
the number and size of warts can increase, but usually decrease after delivery.
With an inactive infection, the cells of the cervix appear normal under a
microscope during a Pap test and the woman may never know she was infected.
With an active infection, the cervical cells undergo a change. An active infection
can follow one of two courses:

The abnormal cells become normal again and the infection is inactive or
cleared from your body by your immune system. However, it is possible
that an inactive infection can become active again, for reasons that aren't
clearly understood.
The abnormal cells slowly progress to cervical cancer.

In men, the warts may appear on the penis, scrotum, thigh, anus, rectum, or in
the urethra.
v) Syphilis
General Symptoms:
Patchy hair loss, a rash on the soles of the feet, the palms of the hands, or
elsewhere on the body, fever, malaise, swollen glands, flat grayish-white sores in
mouth and on genitals
Syphilis has a wide range of symptoms easily confusable with other conditions.

5.
i) Chlamydia
Antibiotics, diagnosed in a urine sample
ii) Gonorrhea
Can be treated with antibiotics and diagnosed in a urine sample or swab test.
However, it is becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics.
iii) Genital Herpes
Incurable, but it can be managed by medications that reduce its recurring effects.
iv) HPV
The symptoms can be treated, but it is incurable.
v) Syphilis
It is easily treated with penicillin or other antibiotics. However, left untreated it can
possibly cause death. Syphilis may not develop symptoms so it is important to
know if you are at risk.
6.
i) Chlamydia
Infertility, abdominal and pelvic pain, and possible consequences for a child born
to an infected mother.
ii) Gonorrhea

In women, untreated gonorrhea can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease

(PID). PID health risks include abdominal pain, fever, internal abscesses, longlasting pelvic pain, and scarring of the fallopian tubes causing infertility and
increasing the chance of ectopic or tubal pregnancies.
Men can develop epididymitis, a painful inflammation in the tubes attached to the
testicles. If left untreated, it can on rare occasions lead to infertility.
If left untreated, both sexes are at risk of the infection spreading through the
bloodstream and infecting other parts of the body, including joints. This condition
can be life-threatening.
If a pregnant woman has gonorrhea, the infection can be passed to the baby in
the birth canal during delivery, causing blindness, joint infection, or a lifethreatening blood infection.
Having gonorrhea also increases the risk of contracting and transmitting HIV.
iii) Genital Herpes
Pain and discomfort are the main health effects of genital herpes, but the virus
can also cause emotional and social problems for those infected. Although it
cannot be cured, genital herpes can be managed with antiviral medication that
may help control the recurrences. On rare occasions, genital herpes may cause
serious complications such as blindness and inflammation of the brain.
Genital herpes can sometimes be passed from an infected mother to her child
during pregnancy or birth. The infection can be life-threatening to the child or
result in skin lesions or brain damage. Antiviral medication and a cesarean
delivery can reduce the risk of infecting the child.
iv) HPV
HPV causes almost all cervical cancers but is also linked to cancer of the throat,
oral cavity, penis, anus, vagina or vulva. More research is needed to define the
extent of these linkages.
HPV causes almost all cervical cancers but is also linked to cancer of the throat,
oral cavity, penis, anus, vagina or vulva. More research is needed to define the
extent of these linkages.
v) Syphilis

It is at the tertiary stage that syphilis can do the most damage to the body,
affecting the brain, blood vessels, heart, and bones. If untreated, syphilis can
eventually lead to death.
Of particular concern is the interaction between syphilis and HIV/AIDS. Syphilis
increases the risk of contracting or spreading human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV). It can also be difficult to successfully treat HIV patients who have syphilis.

7.
i) Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A is a viral disease that is common in developing countries and is
generally associated with poor sanitation and poor hygiene. It is one of the most
common vaccine-preventable illnesses in travelers.
ii) Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is caused by a virus that infects the liver. It is one of the most
common vaccine-preventable diseases affecting travellers and can cause either
acute or chronic infection.
About 90 to 95 percent of adults with acute hepatitis B infection will clear the
virus on their own within six months, and develop lifelong protection against it.
Some people are unable to clear the virus, and develop chronic hepatitis B.
Untreated chronic hepatitis B can later develop into serious health problems.
Children under four years old are at particular risk of chronic hepatitis B, because
only up to 10% will clear the virus.
iii) Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is a chronic liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV).

Hepatitis C is NOT spread by casual contact such as hugging, kissing or shaking

hands. The virus is not found in food or water.

Hepatitis C is NOT spread by casual contact such as hugging, kissing or shaking

hands. The virus is not found in food or water.

8.
i) Hepatitis A

Symptoms can take from 15 to 50 days to appear (average 28 days).

Some people who are infected have no symptoms, others may have only
mild symptoms that last from 1 to 2 weeks and some may experience
more severe symptoms that can last several months.
In children, symptoms are mild to non-existent. Severity of the illness
increases with age.
Symptoms can include fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea and
vomiting, abdominal discomfort, dark urine and grey-colored stool,
jaundice (yellowing of skin and whites of eyes).
In severe and rare occasions, symptoms can include liver damage, liver
failure, or death. Individuals with pre-existing chronic liver disease and
older people are most at risk for this.
Recovery generally takes a few weeks, but can take months. Most people
recover without side effects and have lifelong immunity against hepatitis A.

ii) Hepatitis B

Symptoms can take two to six months to appear.

Many people who are infected with hepatitis B have either no symptoms or
only mild symptoms.
Symptoms of acute hepatitis B can include fatigue, loss of appetite, joint
pain, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and dark urine. A small
number of people will develop jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes).
Some people develop chronic hepatitis B and most remain contagious for
the rest of their lives. Chronic infection may lead to cirrhosis (scarring of
the liver) and/or liver cancer. Most people with chronic hepatitis B are
unaware of their infection.

iii)

Many people infected with HCV have no symptoms and are unaware of their
infection, but they are still infectious.

9. Treatments
i) Hepatitis A

There is no treatment for hepatitis A, only supportive care to help relieve

symptoms.
ii) Hepatitis B

There is no specific treatment for acute hepatitis B. Most adults completely

recover from the infection by getting lots of rest, proper nutrition and fluids.
Antiviral drugs can be used to treat some chronic cases of hepatitis B
infection.

iii) Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C infection can be prevented: don't share needles or drug

use/preparation equipment.

Because there are medications which can be used to treat hepatitis C, it is

important to find out if you have the virus.

There is no licensed vaccine for hepatitis C.

10. Consequences
i) Hepatitis A

In severe and rare occasions, symptoms can include liver damage, liver
failure, or death. Individuals with pre-existing chronic liver disease and
older people are most at risk for this.

ii) Hepatitis B

Some people develop chronic hepatitis B and most remain contagious for
the rest of their lives. Chronic infection may lead to cirrhosis (scarring of
the liver) and/or liver cancer. Most people with chronic hepatitis B are
unaware of their infection.

iii) Hepatitis C
Possibility of becoming chronic.