Unit 3: Chemical Changes

Test Review
1. What is represented by the dots in an electron dot diagram?
valence Electrons
2. What is the definition of compound?
Two or more atoms held together by a chemical bond
3. How many valence electrons does sulfur have?
6
4. What does the nucleus of an atom contain?
Protons and Neutrons
5. What is the difference between polar molecules and nonpolar molecules?
Polar molecules have a slightly positive and a slightly negative end, and
nonpolar molecules are balanced
6. Methane is a hydrocarbon made up of 4 hydrogen atoms and 1 carbon atom.
Which is the correct chemical formula for methane?

CH 4

7. What is a covalent bond?

a bond that shares electrons
8. What do ionic bonds and covalent bonds have in common?
They both are bonds, they both have a nonmetal in their bonds
9. How many dots would there be in an electron diagram for silicon, one of the
group 14 element
4
10. Which two elements are likely to form an ionic bond?
A. an atom with 7 valence electrons and another atom with 7 valence
electrons
B. an atom with 2 valence electrons and an atom with 6 valence electrons
C. an atom with 1 valence electron and an atom with 6 valence electrons
D. an atom with 1 valence electron and an atom with 8 valence electrons
11. How many electrons would fluorine have to gain or lose to have the same electron
configuration as a noble gas?
It would have to gain one electron
12. Ammonia is made of one nitrogen atom and three hydrogen atoms. Which is the
correct chemical formula for ammonia?
NH3
13. How many hydrogen (H) atoms should appear on the right side of this equation?

CH4 + O2 ?

4
14. Which does NOT happen during a chemical reaction?
A. a new substance forms
B. atoms are rearranged
C. energy is created or destroyed D. chemical bonds are broken
15. Balance the following equation.

Al + O2 Al2O3

4 Al +3 O2 2 Al2 O3

16. In this image, shapes are used to represent a chemical reaction. What type of
reaction is represented?

++
Double Replacement reaction

17. Define combustion reaction. Compound + oxidant yield heat + new product
(exothermic)
Define exothermic reaction. Reaction that releases energy
How are they similar? Combustion is a type of exothermic reaction
18. What should you do if you want to decrease the rate of a chemical reaction
between a solid and a liquid? Put in an inhibitor
How could you increase the rate of the reaction? Put in a catalyst
19. Define products and reactants.
Product- Result of chemical reaction
Reactant- Initially present substances before reaction
20. What is a substance made up of only one kind of atom?
Element
21. What kind of change is a change in which one or more substances are
converted into new substances? Chemical change
22. What is a way to describe a chemical reaction using chemical formulas and
symbols?
Chemical equation
23. What does the chemical formula for a compound tell you?
The atoms, numbers of atoms, and the bonds
24. What does it mean for a chemical equation to be balanced?
Both sides of the equation have the same number of each element
25. What kind of chemical reaction absorbs thermal energy?
endothermic reaction
26. Define inhibitor.
A substance that slows or stops a chemical reaction
27. Define combustion.
rapid chemical combination of a substance with oxygen, involving the production of heat and
light.
28. What is the name for a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without
being permanently changed itself?
Catalyst
29. What forms when atoms share electrons?
Covalent bond
30. What forms between a metal and a nonmetal?
Ionic bond
31. What is a type of bond where electrons are pooled together and shared by
many atoms?
Metallic Bond
32. What is force that holds atoms together?
Chemical Bond
33. What is the function of vascular tissue in plants? To transport water and
sugar in the plant

What are the two types? Xylem (Water) and Phloem (Sugar)
34. Where is sugar produced within plant leaves?
Chlorophyll
35. What are the small openings on the epidermis of plant leaves called?
Stomata
36. What process breaks down food molecules and releases energy?
Cellular respiration
37. What is the function of photosynthesis?
To create glucose
38. Carbon dioxide enters a plant through its Stoma.
39. The process where light energy is trapped in a plant's chlorophyll and produces
sugars is called photosynthesis.
40. What is produced by photosynthesis?
Sugar, O2