FAROE ED of AvK AYR TA SOKO Aed ti to Powers::: America’s World RoleCopyright © 1998 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, Chichester, West Sussex All Rights Reserved Fourth printing, and first paperback printing, 1999 Paperback ISBN 0-691-01035-8 ‘The Library of Congress has cataloged the cloth edition of this book as follows Zakaria, Fareed From wealth to power : the unusual origins of America's world role / Fareed Zakaria. Poem. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-691-04496-1 (cl : alk. paper) 1. United States— Foreign relations ~ 1865-1921. 2. International relations. [. Title. E661.7.235 1998 BI7T3—dedl — 97-34248 This book has been composed in Sabon ‘The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of ANSUNISO Z39.48-1992 {R1997) (Permanence of Paper) http:/pup.princeton.edu Printed in the United States of America 98765Index Acheson, Dean, 22 Adams, Brooks, 135, 136 Adams, Charles Francis, 104-6 Adams, Henry, 58, 69, 75, 84, 106, 166, 172, Adams, Henry C., 103 Adams, John Quincy, 56, 57, 70 Alaska, annexation of, 47, 38, 59, 64-67, 74, 85,111 Algeciras Conference, 165, 173 Allison, Graham T., 14 Almond, Gabriel, 38n Altgeld, John Peter, 117 Alverstone, Lord, 168 Arthur, Chester A., 77, 78, 80, 109, 138; and Civil Service reform, 115; and growth of the Navy, 129 Asia, U.S. interests in, 171-74 Austria, interference of in Mexico, 84 Babcock, Orville, 68 Bagehot, Walter, 187 Bailey, Thomas A., 49, 65n Baker, Lewis, 148 Balfour, Arthur, 151 Baltimore incident, 140-41 Bancroft, George, 59 Barraclough, Geoffrey, 96, 177, 178 Bayard, Thomas F, 80, 148 Beard, Charles A., 50 Beisner, Robert L., 131n, 153m Bemis, Samuel Flagg, 50 Bensel, Richard F, 40n Berlin Conference, 79, 80 Beth, Loren, 105n Binkley, Wilfred E., 107 Bismarck, Otto von, 48, 97, 178, 189 Blaine, James G., 66, 108, 110-11, 137, 167, 1795 and attempts to annex Ha- waii, 141-45; and Pan- Americanism, 138; and relations with Chile, 140~41 Blount, James H., 143 Boer War, 166 Boulding, Kenneth E., 33 Boxer Rebellion, 162-63, 164, 173 Brazil, U.S, intervention in, 146—47 Brewer, John, § and n, 93, 95 and n Britain: Civil War reparations from, 71, 83; expansion of, 4, 26, 34, 46; state structure of, 188; U.S. relations with, 11, 74, 82-83, 88-89, 147-48, 165~ 66, 169-70, 176, 178 Bryce, James, 9 Bryce, Lord, 94, 101, 107 Buchanan, James, 56 Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, 9, 25n Bundy, McGeorge, $2 bureaucracies: and foreign policy, 14-15, 40-41, 119; growth af, 98; reform of, ‘77, 107; and state power, 39, 119 business, centralization of, 100. See also economics; industrialization; wealth Butler, Ben, 66 ‘Buzan, Barry, 21n Calhoun, John, 87 ‘Cameron, Simon, 108 ‘Canada: as target for U.S. expansion, 56, 58, 82-83, 89, 137, 180; U.S. border dispute with, 168 Cannon, Joe, 157 Caribbean, U.S, expansion in, 59, 62. See also Cuba; Danish West Indies; Santo Domingo Carnegie, Andrew, 139 Carr, Caleb, 53n Carr, E. H,, 3, 9, 36 centralization: of the American state, 41, 55, 97; of business, 100; of foreign pol- icy, 119; of immigration, 101; of labor, 100; and stare power, 39 ‘Chace, James, 530 ‘Chamberlain, Joseph, 46, 97, 150, 151 ‘Chandler, William, 77, 78 Chile, U.S, relations with, 86, 140-41 (China: rise of, 12; US. interests in, 161-64 ‘Choueri, Nazli, 19 ‘Churchill, Winston, 22 Civil Service Commission, 100-101, 114, 115194 Civil Service, reform of, 92, 100-101, 113-15; and the foreign service, 120 Civil War: as check to expansionism, 84 85; costs of, 61; and growth of U.S. power, 48, 49; as spur to expansionism, 52, 56; and state-building, 95, 98, 126— 27 Clay, Henry, 70, 97 Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, 59, 80, 165, 167 Cleveland, Grover, 75, 79, 80, 91, 93, 155-56, 168; and attempts to annex Hawaii, 143-44, 145; conflicts of with Congress, 111-15; and Cuba, 152-54; and expansionism, 145-54; and growth of the Navy, 129; isolationism of, 80; and Pan-Americanism, 138; and the veto power, 112 Cohen, Benjamin J., 19n Colombia, U.S. relations with, 75, 167 colonization: European, 47; and U.S. ex- pansion, 47, 144, 164 Congress: authority of, 40-41; conflicts of with the executive branch, 11, 60-67, ‘77-78; decline of, 90- 127; expansion- ist views in, 70 Conkling, Roscoe, 108—11 Conolly, Archbishop of Halifax, 83 Constantine, Grand Duke of Russia, 64 Constitution, U.S., 94; and emergency powers, 117; and growth of the presi- dency, 137 Conze, Werner, 189, 190 Cooper, John Milton, Jr, 15n Coppock, D. J., 45n Cornell, Alonzo, 109 cost-benefit analyses, and expansion, 20 and n, 171-72, 180 Craig, Gordon A., 360 Crapol, Edward P:, 49n, 51m crises, as spur to state-building, 11, 39-40 Cuba: as target for U.S. expansion, 56, 67, 70, 71-73, 137; U.S. interests in, 155; USS, intervention in, 152-S4; as USS. protectorate, 160-61, 169 Customhouse, of New York, 10911 Danish West Indies, as target for expan- sion, 59, 61, 165, 169 Dawes, Anna L., 62n Debs, Eugene V., 116-17 INDEX debe, national, as check to expansion, 11, 61, 77, 130, 154 decision-makers: and foreign policy, 14~ 15, 24, 42; perceptions of, 24-25, 26- 27, 32, 38; as source of expansionism, 18, 35-41; and state power, 38. See also Congress; executive branch; presi- dency; states de Lécme letter, 156-57 Democratic Party, and expansionism, 58, 80-81 Denmark, U.S. relations with, 61 Dennett, Tyler, 177 Denny, Alice, 22n depression: as check to expansion, 8, 54, 72, 73-74, 144, 1553 a8 spur to expan- sion, 76 Desch, Michael C., 37n, 38n, 39-40n, 340. Deutsch, Karl W., 185 Dewey, George, 159, 160, 170 A.V 97 sing, Paul, 25n diplomacy: and expansionism, 5, 18, 79, 120, 164; history of, 24n; “new,” 136— 45; and patronage, 121; reforms in, 127 Disraeli, Benjamin, 48 domestic politics: and defensive realism, 28; and expansionism, $0; as source of foreign policy, 16; and USS. isolation- ism, 53-54 Doyle, Arthur Conan, 133 Doyle, Michael W,, 188 Dulebohn, George Roscoe, 153 Eaton, Dorman, 120-21 Eckstein, Harry, 23n economics: and expansionism, 8, 9, 20, 44, 45-48, 51, 61, 69, 75 and influ- ence, 12; and isolationism, 54; as model for international relations, 29-30, 34— 35; as source of great power status, 3 $. See also industrialization; wealth Egan, Patrick, 140 Engels, Friedrich, 106 Evarts, William, 76, 108 Everett, Edward, $5 ‘executive agreements, as alternative to treaties, 12, 171 ‘executive branch: authority of, 4041; conflicts of with Congress, 75, 94, 184;INDEX growth of, 11; weakness of, 55, 87. See also presidency expansionism: American, 90-127, 128- 80; British, 4, 26, 34, 46; definitions of, 5, 52-53; German, 3, 12, 17-18, 26, 34, 189-90; historians” views on, 48= 5 Japanese, 4, 12, 26, 172; origins of, 181-82; Russian, 57. See alsa isolation- ism; realism expenditures: federal, and state-building, 101-3; for Spanish-American War, 157 federal government, and the states, 94, 105, 117-18, 125, 184 Fillmore, Millard, 60 Fish, Hamihon, 67, 69, 70, 71-72, 83 Fiske, John, 134-35 Foner, Eric, 99n foreign policy. See diplomacy; realism; states; theories foreign service. See diplomacy Foster, John, 143 France: plans of for isthmian canal, 79; USS. relations with, 84 Frankel, Benjamin, 31n Frederick the Great, 19, 34 Frelinghuysen, Frederick, 79, 138 Friedberg, Aaron L., 9, 11, 32n, 37n, 46n, 61 frontiers, and U. 135 expansionism, 52-53, Gaddis, John Lewis, 14n Gallagher, John, 21-22 game theory, 25n Garfield, James A., 77, 104, 110m, 1385 and Civil Service reform, 114; and pa- tronage, 110~11 George, Alexander L., 15n, 24n, 25n, 36n George, Henry, 103 George, J Germany: expansion of, 3, 12, 26, 34, 189-90; as great power, 3, 17; as threat to ULS. interests, 177-78; U.S. relations with, 169-70 Gilded Age, 131-32 Gilpin, Robert, 9, 20, 180, 191n Godkin, E. L., 69, 103 and n, 104, 120 Golder, Frank A., 65n Gorringe, Henry H., 124n Graber, Doris A., 179 195 Graebner, Norman A., 47, 50 Grant, Ulysses S., 62, 107; om annexation of Canada, 83; and cabinet appoint- ments, 108; and Civil Service reform, 114; expansionism of, 67-75; and for- eign threats, 86 great powers: defined, 3, 49; as expan- sionist, 10; growth of, 13 Gresham, Walter, 146-47, 149 Guam, annexation of, 160-61 Gulick, Edward V,, 32m Gustavus Adolphus, 4 Hamilton, Alexander, 97, 181 Harrison, Benjamin, 179; and attempred annexation of Hawaii, 143; and expan- sionism, 136~45; and the growth of the Navy, 129-30 Hawaii: annexation of, 15S, 160; at- tempted annexation of, 60, 137, 141- 45, 1605 reciprocity treary with, 60, 62, 63, 74, 79, 80 Hay, John, 127, 159, 162-63, 166, 169, 171 Hay-Herran Treaty, 167 Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, 166-67 Hayes, Rutherford B., 75-76, 77, 131m; and cabinet appointments, 108-9; and Civil Service reform, 114; and foreign. service reform, 120-21; and patronage, 109-11; and the veto power, 111-12 Hearst, William Randolph, 156 Herbert, Hilary, 136, 145-46 Herz, John H., 10, 21 Hintze, Otto, 36, 38, 187 Hitler, Adolf, and German expansionism, 17-18 Hoar, George, 75 ‘Hobbes, Thomas, 210 Hoffmann, Stanley, 21m Hofstadter, Richard, $0n, 135n Holbo, Paul $., 54m, 158 ‘House of Representatives, and state ex- penditures, 65-66 Howard, Michael E., 311 ‘Hunt, William, 77-78 ‘Huntington, Samuel P., 9, 91n, 95, 122, 124n, 187, 191 Ikenberry, G. John, 36n, 37m, 39n immigration: centralization of, 10. industrialization, 99196 India, state structure of, 188 industrialization: and immigration, 99; and military reform, 122-23; and state- building, 95, 96-97. See also eco- nomics; wealth influence: American, $, 11-12, 44, 57; ccosts and benefits of, 163; distinguished from power, 33-34; and expansionism, 3, 10, 21-22, 30; maximization of, 19n, 30, 33-34; as result of wealth, 88, 129, 185 interests. See national interests Interstate Commerce Act, 105 Interstate Commerce Commission, 101, 103, 105 isolationism, American, 5, 8, 43, 49, 178, 187, See also non-expansion isthmian canal: American plans for, $9, 62-63, 74-75, 147, 155, 165-68; French plans for, 79-80 Jackson, Andrew, 97; and patronage, 113; and presidential powers, 118 Japan: expansion of, 4, 12, 26, 172; US. relations with, 163 Jefferson, Thomas, 70, 97, 181 Jensen, Lloyd, 14m Jensen, Ronald J., 64n Jervis, Robert, 11, 15n, 21n, 24, 26-27 Johnson, Andrew, 11, 61, 62, 63, 66, 67, 68, 111 Jones, Edward E., 33-34n Juarez, Benito, 84 Kahn, Alfred E., 30n Keller, Morton, 98n Kellogg-Briand Pact, 182 Kennan, George F, $0, 163, 181, 182, 183 Kennedy, Andrew, 46 Kennedy, Paul M., 3~4, 9, 17h, 20, 46n, 166, 190 Keohane, Robert, 17, 19n, 28 Khong, Yuen F, 31n Kipling, Rudyard, 177 Kuhn, Thomas, 23n Labor, Bureau of, 101 labor, centralization of, 100 LaFeber, Walter, 50, 51, 94n, 127n, 135n, 14445, 1550 INDEX Lakatos, Imre, 23n, 28 Lake, David A., 36n, 37 Leffler, Melvyn P., 53 Lenin, Vladimir L, 15 and n. Levy, Jack S., 23n Liliuokalani, Queen, 142 Lincoln, Abraham, 44, 98, 118; and state- building, 127 Lippmann, Walter, 178, 181, 182, 183 Livermore, Seward, 1700 Lodge, Henry Cabot, 90, 151, 167, 172 Long, John, 126, 157 Louis, William Roger, 180 A. Lawrence, 187 Luce, Steven B., 126 Madison, James, 56, 95 Mahan, Alfred Thayer, 81, 94, 126, 134, 135, 136, 142, 145, 178 Maine incident, 156=57 Mandelbaum, Michael, 3 manifest destiny, 8, 53, 57, 160 Marshall, John, 97 Mastanduno, Michael, 362, 37n Maximilian, Archduke of Austria, $4 May, Ernest R., 31n, 49, 50, 74, 144, 159, 179 McCormick, Richard L., 92n McCormick, Thomas J., Sin McKeown, Timothy, 24n McKinley, Williams, 8, 12, 91, 93, 127, 131n, 139, 169, 179, 181-82; and ex- pansionism, 154-64 Meinecke, Friedrich, 32n Mexico: Austrian and French intervention in, 84; as target for US. expansion, 58 Midway Islands, annexation of, 47, $9, 63-64, 85 Milgram, Stanley, 330 military reform, and U.S, state formation, 53, 122-26. See also. Navy, U.S. Mills, Roger Q., 151 Modelski, George, 14n Monroe Doctrine, 84, 146, 150, 151, 170-71, 176; and Pan-Americanism, 138; Roosevelt Corollary to, 170-71 Monroe Doctrine Committee, 57-58 Monroe, James, 56, 70 Morgan, H. Wayne, 131 Morgenthau, Hans J., 9, 18, 32, 36, 181 Morrill, Justin, 139INDEX, Napoleon, expansion by, 26, 34 national interests: definitions of, 18n, 32- 33, 186-87; and power, 18-20; of the US. 46-48 nations, as distinguished from states, 9, 35. See also states Navy Royal: 43, 181; as protector of U.S., 177-78; as threat to U.S., 82 —US.: 47, 48, 71-72; and annexation of Hawaii, 143; expansion of, 77-79, 80- BL, 128, 129, 133, 134, 145-46, 165 Netherlands, as rising power, 4 Nettl, J.P, 380 ‘Neustadt, Richard E., 31n, 91n Nevins, Allan, 68n, 80n, 98n, 116n, 153 Nicaragua: as site for isthmian canal, 75, 80, 147, 167; U.S. intervention in, 147- 48; US. relations with, 75, 80, 176 Nicholas Il, Czar, 133 Nisbett, R. E., 33-340 Nixon, Richard M., 112-13 non-expansion, U.S., 5, 43, 44-89. See ism; realism, state- Nordlinget, Eric, 388 North, Robert, 19 Olney, Richard, 117, 149, 150, 153 Qong, John, 159 Open Door Policy, 159, 161-64, 172, 173, 177, 182 Osgood, Robert E., 50n Ostend Manifesto, 67, 70, 71 Pan-Americanism, 138-39 Panama, as site for isthmian canal, 167- 68 Paolino, Emest, 85 Paris, Treaty of, 161 Paschal, Thomas, 149-50 patronage, 92; elimination of, 114-15; and the foreign service, 121; and mi tary growth, 146; and military reform, 123-24, 125; reform of, 109-11 Peloponnesian War, 3 Pendleton Act, 115 Philippines, as target for U.S. expan 159, 182 Pierce, Franklin, 56, 70 Plate Amendment, 142, 169 197 Pletcher, Daivd M., 45n Popper, Karl, 230 Portsmouth Peace Conference, 172-73 Posen, Barry R., 22n power: balances of, 33-34; distinguished from influence, 33-343 distinguished from interests, 19; division of in the USS., 96; national vs. state, 9, 3740, 131, 157, 189-90; and national inter- ests, 8-10, 18-20, 48; as source of ex- pansion, 9, 88, 191 powers. See great powers Pratt, Julius W., 50n presidency: conflicts of with Congress, 60-75, 130, 107-13, 168; emergency powers of, 116-18; growth of, 10, 12, 90-127, 137, 163, 165, 168; and stare: building, 174 ractor, Redfield, 156 Progressive Era, 12, 93, 94, 131n; and state-building, 126 Prussia, as rising power, 4 Puerto Rico: annexation of, 160-1; as target for U.S. expansion, 137, 159 Pulitzes, Joseph, 151, 156 Pullman strike, 116-18 Purnam, Robert, 4in Raasoff, Waldemer, 61 racism: as check to expansionism, 69; and state-building, 99; and U.S. intervention in Cuba, 153-54; and U.S. intervention in Hawaii, 144; and U.S. intervention in the Philippines, 161 railroads, and state-formation, 104~6 Ranke, Leopold von, 36 Rawlins, John A., 72 realism —classical: 8-10, 13, 18-20, 42, 129, 171; definitions of, 19, 35-36 and limitations of, 32-35; origins of, 181; parsimony of, 35; and U.S, intervention in Venezuela, 149 defensive: 8-10, 13, 21-22, 34, 41-42, 43, 53, 54-55, 81-87, 174-80, 183— 86; definition of, 42; as non-falsifiable, 25-31; normative assumptions in, 31; ‘uses of, 186; weaknesses of, 25-31, 174-76, 178~ 79. See also security; threats198 realism {cont.) —state-centered: 10-12, 35—41, 43, 54— 55, 87-89, 159, 174-80, 183-90; defi- nition of, 9, 42; and the expansion of the Navy, 128 reciprocity agreements: with Brazil, 146; executive control of, 145; with Hawaii, 60; and Pan-Ameticanism, 138-39 Reconstruction, 99 regulation, federal, 92, 100-101, 103~6 Republican Party: and expansionism, 68, 69n, 72; isolationism of, $8 Rice, Cecil Spring, 140 Rich, Bennett M., 116n Richardson, James D., $6n Richelieu, Cardinal, 22 Robertson, William, 110, 111 Robinson, Ronald, 21-22 Rockefeller, John D., 100 Roosevelt, Theodore, 8, 10, 12, 91, 93, 107a, 127, 136, 137, 159, 182; caution of in Asia, 177; as classical realist, 171~ 725 and Cuba, 169; and expansion, 164-74; and military reform, 125 19, 125 Agreement, 173, 177 Roseerance, Richard N., 16 Ross, Lee, 33n, Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 34 Russia: expansion of, 57; US. relations with, 64, 172-73 Salisbury, Marquess of, 150, 178 Samoa: annexation of, 11, 160; as target for expansion, 47, 74, 76 Santo Domingo: as target for expansion, 59, 68, 67-69, 72, 74, 86; U.S. interests in, 165, 170 Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr, 91n, 94 Schumpeter, Joseph A., 16 Schurz, Carl, 108, 114 Scruggs, William, 149 security: definitions of, 25-26; as goal of expansionism, 9-10, 11-12, 20, 41-42, 53, as pretext for expansion, 26-27. See alsa realism, defensive; threats Senate: dominance of, 75; and the presi- dency, 164; and ratification of treaties, 61-62, 64-66, 69, 72, 77, 7980, 86, 160, 167, 171 Seward, Frederick, 76 INDEX Seward, William Henry, 8, 44, 51, 58-59, 68, 70, 85, 89, 127, 130, 164~65; on annexation of Canada, 83; expansionist goals of, 44-45, 57-67; and French in- rervention in Mexico, $4 Shannon, Fred A., 135n Shaweross, Lord, 12 Sherman Antitrust Act, 105 Sherman, John, 109, 110 and n, 156 Shulman, Mark Russell, 78n Singer, J. David, 15n Sinkler, George, 15n Skoepol, Theda, 9, 37n, 39, 101n Skowronek, Stephen, 40n, 93n, 97, 100 and n, 105, 115n, 123-24, 124n slavery, as check to expansionism, 5 70 Smith, Joe, 88 Smith, Tony, 53 Snyder, Glenn, 9, 25n, 28 Snyder, Jack L., 10, 22n, 23n, 27 social Darwinism, 8, 135, 136n Spain, U.S. relations with, 11, 71-73, 152-58, 176, 182 Spanish-American War, 11, 50, $3, 154— 5B; effects of, 159-61, 166; and mil sand state- building, . 63, 70, tary reform, 12 95 Spengler, Oswald, 190 Spreckels, Claus, 143 Sproat, John G., 103 Sprout, Harold, 134n Sprout, Margaret Tuttle, 134n Spykman, Nicholas, 178 Stampp, Kenneth, 99n Stanton, Oscar, 146 State Department, 47, 76 states: capabilities of, 20; as distinguished from nations, 9, 35, 42; formation of, 36, 39, 95; growth of, and expansion- ism, 38-40, 92-94, 97, 130-31, 184— 85; grawth of, in Europe, 189-90; growth of, in the U.S., 39-40, 90-127, 128-80; power of, 38; social forces in, 36-37; structure of, in Europe, 189-90; structure of, in the U.S., 10, 11-12, 40 41, 61, 70; systemic forces in, 36-37 statesmen, See decision-makers; diplo- macy; executive branch presidency Stead, William 'T., 132 Steiner, Zara, 470INDEX 199 Stevens, John, 142 Stevens, Thaddeus, 66, 108 Stimson Doctrine, 192 ‘Stoekl, Edouard de, 64, 66 Strong, Josiah, 135 Sumner, Charles, 60, 62, 64, 65, 67, 69, 70, 72, 83, 88 Supreme Court: and executive authority, 145; and interstate commerce, 105, 106; and presidential pawers, 137; and ‘the railroads, 104; and taxation, 102; and the Tenure of Office Act, 112 Sweden, as great power, 4 Taft, William Howard, 180; and Civil Ser- vice reform, 116 Taft-Katsuhara agreement, 177 Tarbell, Ida M., 99n taxation: and expansion, 61; and state for mation, 101-3 ‘Taylor, A. J.B, 18n, 330 Tenure of Office Act, 110, 112-13 theories, of foreign policy, 13-43; atcribu- tion error in, 33 and n; construction of, 23; defined, 14-18; falsifiability of, 23, 25; levels of analysis in, 16-17; parsi- mony of, 23, 35; variables in, 15-16, See also realism ‘Thompson, John A., 86n threats: as check to expansion, 55, 81-82, 85, 86-87, 176, 178-79; as spur to ex- pansion, 21-22, 27, 30, 42, 183: vary- ing definitions of, 27, 82, 85-86, 185, See also realism, defensives security Thucydides, 3, 13, 19, 34 Tillman, Benjamin, 155 Tilly, Charles, 39, 40, 94 Tocqueville, Alexis de, 9, 187 Tracy, Benjamin, $1, 126, 128, 129, 136, 142 trade: and the annexation of Hawaii, 143; and Pan-Americanism, 138-39; and U.S. expansionism, 146-47; and U.S. foreign policy, 137; and US, interests, 76, 133=34, 173; and U.S. intervention in Venezuela, 151; and U.S. involvement in China, 161-64 ‘Turner, Frederick Jackson, 52, 135, 136 Upton, Emory, 124 and n Van Evera, Stephen, 10, 22n Venezuela: U.S, interests in, 169-70; U.S. intervention in, 148-52 Versailles, Treaty of, 17~18 Virgimius affair, 73-74 Wake Islands, annexation of, 160-61 Walker, Robert, $9 Wallace, Lew, 84 Walt, Stephen M., 10, 22n, 271 Waltz, Kenneth N., 8n, 14, 15 and n, 16, 19m, 28-29, 30, 33, 34 war: and expansionism, 11, 52, 94; and state-building, 39, 40; and stare- centered realism, 128-29 wealth: as source of influence, 11, 57, 129, 131-34, 164; as source of state power, 39; and U.S. trade interests, 133-34. See also economics; indus- trialization Weber, Max, 36, 38, 187 Webster, Daniel, 97 Weinberg, Albert K., 179 Weinberg, Gerhard L., 17n Welles, Gideon, 85 Weyler, Valeriano, 152-53 Whelan, Joseph Gerald, 44n. White, Leonard, 98, 107, 187 itney, William, 124, 126 ‘Wilde, Osear, 47 Wilhelm 1, Kaiser, 190 Wilhelm II, Kaiser, 133, 190 Williams, William, 114 Williams, William Appleman, 50-51 ‘Wilson-Gorman Tariff, 152 Wilson, Woodrow, 12, 14-15, 93, 94, 136, 180, 187; political theory of, 90 Wisconsin School, 50-51 Woblforth, William C., 378 Wolfers, Arnold, 30 ‘Wood, Leonard, 169 Woodford, Stewart, 156, 157-58 Woodward, C. Vann, 999 Zelaya, Joskoea Santos, 147, 176SOOO eocag POO One RRA FAREED ZAKARIA What turns rich nations into great powers? How do wealthy countries begin extending their influence abr one of the most important sources of instability in international politics: the emergence of a new power, In From Wealth éo Power, Fareed Zakaria seeks to eee ete ear om ene Se een rte Sacec TTT a Renesas eee rea Coe in modern history—that of the United States. Se ee Lee Teg revisited, . . Its conclusions are both provocative and full of implications for Se eC cece et Toa Rte Ea SLUM Ee UT ee ae Ca VEAP eect shoe ERC eM Ty etc Cen cee aT Tees ane ed Perro eee eae cc eee eT CT Ete Cee Ta ee CC eet Bnet Ae dberg, The Wall Street Journal Bre ererents eer a “Beautifully conceived; dazzlingly executed: Zakaria’s theoretical penetration is matched by his mastery of the process of America’s coming of age as a great Pre Sea Cortes an The book casts a bright light on the past and the fut politics.” —Kenneth N, Waltz, daslilule of War and Peace Studies, Columbia University rte) en Ot one mcr ncen Coc cc cern nC ce SEMEN Ren Cnsy cree tam aay —Samuel P, Huntington, Director, folin M. Olin dustitute far Strategic Studies, PE MeL) sity Pa ee ORE T Tal) Oc a ete eee cee eA Ce Cot COMMU el Bse Core M MLC sae see Sen TC PORE MIT eter Remnant Ch teat ten crs oy aw Teen (Coa Tad Literary Supplement, International Security, and Slate, and is coed~ COO ee a ee a OER OULD Princeton Studies in International Histary and Politics Jack L. Snyder, Mare Trachtenberg, and Frreed Zakaria, Editors ISBN 0-691-01( PRINCETON PAPERBACKS Elsa Ruiz Teeny oe MUNN) wii 9 "780691" 10359"