Cerebellum

2-4
4
5
6-7
8-9
10-12
13
14
15-16
17
18-20
19
21
21-23
23-24
24-25
26
26-29

Cerebellar modules

Clinical sign

Oculomotor function

netters
snell

P1~2

cerebellar

hemisphere
()
()

vermis()
:

Primary fissure
1.Hemisphere
()
2.Vermis()
3. Primary fissure()
Tonsil
primary fissure
fissure
SCP()

MCP()

4.Tonsil:
ICP() 5. SCP()
6. MCP()
Nodule()
7. ICP()
p.s
Flocculus()

8.Nodule() tonsil
Flocculonodular
nodulevermis
lobe(
9.Flocculus()
)
Nodule Flocculus Flocculonodular
lobe() Anterior
lobeposterior lobeFlocculonodular lobe

P2

()

1.

2.

3.

()

(!!)

(
)

(
)

(
)

by
P3

(fourth ventricle)

(cerebral aqueduct)

(central canal)

(primary fissure)

(flocculonodular
lobe)

(posterolateral
fissure)

(cerebellar nucleus)

1.
(fourth ventricle);
(cerebral aqueduct)
(central canal)
2.(median aperture)
(lateral aperture) CSF
brainstem p.2

3. (primary fissure)
4

:(anterior lobe)(posterior lobe);

(posterolateral fissure)
(Flocculonodular lobe)
4.
(cerebellar
nucleus) Fastigial nucleus
Emboliform nucleus Globose nucleus Dentatenucleus
P.4

1. HE stain
(basket cell)

: molecular layer
(basket cell stellate cell)

: purkinje cell layer
( purkinje cell)

(stellate cell)
: granular layer
( granular cell golgi cell)
( P20)

2. A purkinje cell cell

(purkinje cell)
body purkinje cell axon
dendrite dendrite

B purjkinje cell
(granular cell)
Silver
impregnation
golgi
(golgi cell)

molecular layer

purkinje cell layer

granular layer

P.4

1.: basket cell

(projection)
stellate cell purkinje cell granular cell golgi
cell

2. purkinje cell projection

(interneuron)

interneuron

3. synaptic action granule

granule

4.?
Ans: purkinje cell
5. Purkinje cell
Fastigial nucleus
purkinje cell basket cell
stellate cell purkinje
cell; golgi cell granule

granular
cell

P.S ~
P.5

(Fastigial nucleus)

(Emboliforma nucleus)

(Globose nucleus)

(Dentate nucleus)

(Fastigial nucleus)
(Emboliforma nucleus)(Globose
nucleus) (Dentate nucleus)

1. Fastigial nucleus Dentate nucleus

Fastigial nucleus
2. lobe
:(anterior lobe)
(posterior lobe) (Flocculonodular
lobe) purjkinje cell


(Interposed nucleus)

Flocculonodular lobe
Fastigial nucleus

Anterior lobe
Emboliforma nucleus Globose
nucleus
 posterior lobe
Dentate nucleus
3. Emboliforma nucleus Globose nucleus
(Interposed nucleus)
Interposed nucleus
Emboliforma nucleus Globose nucleus

by

P5
Cerebellar nuclei

Fastigail nucleus

1 Fastigail nucleus
Globose nucleus
Flocculonodular lob
Vestibulocerebellum purkinje

cell Fastigail nucleus

Emboliform
2 Globose nucleus
nucleus
3 Emboliform nucleus

(1) Anterior lobe Spinocerebellum purkinje cell

Denate nucleus
Fastigail nucleus

(2) Interposed
Interposed
nucleuss ex
nucleus
Globose nucleusEmboliform nucleus

4 Denate nucleus
Vestibulocerebell
Postrior lobePontocerebellum
um
Spinocerebellum Flocculonodular lobeAnterior lobePostrior lobe

P5 p5
Pontocerebellum
Vestibulocerebellum

SpinocerebellumPontocerebellum
Flocculonodular
p10
lob

P6

centraltegmental input

tract
1. input

Locus

ceruleus(
(1) Pontine nucleiPontine
nuclei
nuclei
)

Raphe nucleus
(2) Reticular nucleiformation
formation:ex Raphe nucleus , Locus ceruleus,
()
Substaitia nigra
Substaitia
(3) Red nucleus:
nucleus
nigra()
(a)
centraltegmental tract
(b)
2. Hypothalamus:
Hypothalamus
3. Spinal cord:
cord
4.

P6
Cerebellar input

Climbing fiber
()
Mossy fiber
()
Locus ceruleus
()
Raphe nucleus
()

input fiber
:
1 .Climbing fiber
CF
:
fiber
2 .Mossy fiber(MF): ex

3. Multilayered fiber (MultiF):

Hypothalamus Reticular formation ex Raphe
nucleus , Locus ceruleus, dorpaminergic
neuron, fiber
fiber

P7
Climbing fiber Mossy fiber ?

Climbing fiber Mossy fiber ()
cell( cell)
1 Climbing fiberr Deep nuclei()Purkinje
Purkinje cellBasket
nuclei
cell Basket
cell
cellStellate cell
cellGolgi cell
2 Mossy fiber:
Granule cell
fiber Deep nuclei()
nuclei
cellGolgi cell
@@
P7

><
1 Climbing fiber cerebellar nuclei
2 Climbing fiber Purkinje cell
3 Climbing fiber Purkinje cellBasket
cellStellate cellGolgi cell
4 Mossy fiber cerebellar nuclei
5 Mossy fiber Granule cellGolgi cell
fiber

1 :
(1) Basket cell() axon Purkinje cell

(2) Stellate
Stellate cell
cell
2 :
(1) Granule cell
mossy fiber
cell
parallel fiber(
fiber()
) parallel fiber
cell
(2) Golgi cell
cell
3 Purkinje cell:
cell projection neuron
neuron

1 Climbing fiber:
2 Mossy fiber:
3 Purkinje cell:
9

 by
P8

Purkinje cell
climbing fiber Purkinje cell (Purkinje cell
) climbing fiber()

Purkinje cell
hippocampus
climbing fiber Purkinje cell
Purkinje cell climbing fiber
synapse
3000~5000 ()
synapse

synapse synapse
synapse
synapse
10

 synapse

synapse synapse
synapse
neurotransmitter synapse
enhancer
(
)
EX.

P8

Purkinje cell
parallel
climbing fiber synapse
fiber
Purkinje cell

11

P8 P9

Golgi cell
mossy fiber neuron Golgi cell Granule

cell glomerulus Golgi cell

axonGranule cell dendriteaxon mossy fiber

mossy fiber Golgi cell
Granule
Granule cell dendrite Golgi cell axon
cell
Granule cell Granule cell axon

Granule cell
Glomerulu
mossy fiber
s
mossy fiber

Golgi cellGolgi cell

P9

Multilayered
climbing fiber
fiber
mossy fiber Golgi cell Granule cell
Multilayered fiber
neuron
input P6 P7

12

P10

output
Path I Purkinje cell
Purkinje cell output
path IIPurkinje cell
output
output

lobe
1
2

premotor
area

(
)

(
)

1. Flocculonodular
lobe
2. vermis

1. Ant. lobe
2. paravermis

1. Post. lobe
2.hemisphere

Fastigial nu.
Emboliform nu.
Dentate nu.
Globose nu.

(output
(
(
)

motor area
premotor area)
)

archu-
paleo-
neo-

(Clarke )

()
(

)
()

()

()

()
()

()
()
()
By
13

P.10
Cerebellar modules

vestibulocerebellum

spinocerebellum

pontocerebellum

1.
1vestibulocerebellum
2spinocerebellum

3pontocerebellum

2.vestibulocerebellum
flocculonodular lobespinocerebellum
anterior lobepontocerebellum posterior
lobe
3.
100 lobe

P.11 netters p107

Cerebellar modules

anterior lobe
fastigial nucleus 1. flocculonodular lobe
fastigial nucleus posterior
posterior lobe
lobe dentate nucleus

anterior lobe
dentate nucleus
emboliform necleus

2. P.11 slide

emboliform necleus

flocculonodular lobe
vermis paravermis
vermis
hemisphere
paravermis
3. vermis fastigial nucleus

vermis

vestibulocerebellum paravermis
globose nucleus
emboliform globose nucleus
dentate nucleus
netters vermis
vermis
fastigial nucleus
14

P.11
Vestibulocerebellum

1.
2.
flocculonodular lobe

mossy fiber

fastigial nucleus fastigial

nucleus
3. climbing fiber

Climbing fiber

purkinje cell

mossy fiber
1
2 Flocculonodular lobe

4. Climbing fiber mossy fiber

5. flocculonodular lobe purkinje cell
fastigial nucleus
purkinje cell
6. pukinje cell
pukinje cell fastigial
nucleus

lobe

modify
by

15

P12
Vestibulocerebellum

fastigial nucleus

()
1.Vestibulocerebellum fastigial nucleus
vestibular nuclei
fiber
()
inf. olivary
1fastigiothalamic fiber
nucleus()
fastigial nucleus

cerebellar peduncle

()
2fastigiovestibular fibers
fastigial nucleus
vestibular nuclei
juxtorestiform

()
3 fastigio-olivary fibers
fastigial nucleus

Psfastigial nucleus

synapse 2.

feedback
3.
Vestibulocerebellum

P12
reticular formation
4. 11
()

M.L.F.()
5. Vestibular nuclei
pontine reticulotegmental
reticular formation
nucleus(
6.

16

P13
spinocerebellum
spinocerebellum
emboliform

nucleus
1. lobe ant. lobe
lobe paravermis
()
emboliform nucleus globose nucleus(
nucleus(
globose nucleus
interposed nuclei)
()
2.pontine reticulotegmental nucleus vestibular nuclei
interposed nuclei
ant. lobe (paravermal
()
cortex)emboliform nucleus globose nucleus
climbing fiber
3.
(climbing
fiber)

()
pontine reticulotegmental nucleus( mossy fiber)
mossy fiber
4.ant. lobe purkinje cell emboliform nucleus
()
globose nucleus emboliform nucleus globose nucleus

reticular formation (output)

5. reticular formation()
()

P13

6. efferent
input afferent

(
mossy fiber)

efferent

1 AONaccessory
2 IONinferior
thalamus
7. 13 interposed nuclei
fiber interpositothalamic
interpositothalamic fibers
fibersinterpositointerposito-olivary
fibers
(
fibers interpositospinal tract
tract
) 13
17

interposito
interposito-olivary fibers

P14
pontocerebellum

pontine nuclei

()
1.
dentate nucleus
1






pontine nuclei



()
lobe post. lobe
VPl(
dentate nucleus
)
2
post. Lobe purkinje fiber

fiber
dentate nucleus

nucleus

VPm(







)
feedback
Med.lemniscus

()

spinothalamic
3dentate nucleus


(

tract
)

()
2. P14 post. Lobe
ventral lat. nu.
purkinje fiber
dentate nucleus


()


ventral post. nu.
3. ()
()
ventral ant. nu. 1VL
2()VP(L)
()
3() VP(L)
basal nucleus
4VA
()
4. VPl() VPm(
)
1VPl()----
2VPm()----
5. ftp pdf

18

P14

1.
2.
1inferior olive nucleus restiform body
2dorsal nucleus of Clarke
3vestibular nuclei
4pontine neucli
3.

synapse

by

Ventral posterior

lateral

()
1.
Ventral lateral
2.
()
( Ventral lateral)

synapse

P15
pontocerebellum
pontocerebellum

Dentate nucleus

1.(posterior lobe)
Purkinje cell
ventral lateral

nucleus
2.

a.
b.
3.(
)

1
2
(area

19

6)

()

(hilus)
area4

initiation

(area
(initiation)
4)
(cortical afferents)

(parvocellular partof red nucleus)(area 4)

(area
6)

(neocerebellum)

action

initiation

dentate

area6

P15
pontocerebellum

Dentatopontine

fibers
1.(Dentate nucleus)

Dentato-olivary
1 Pontine Dentatopontine fibers
fibers
2 inferior olivary nucleus

Dentato-olivary fibers

3
Thalamus
Dentatothalamic fibers

Dentatothalamic
2. Dentatopontive fibers Dentatothalamic fibers
fibers

3. Dentato-olivary fibers

p2 Dentato-olivary fibers

20

P16

Superior

cerebellar
1.
arteries
1

2
aAnterior inferior cerebellar artery
Posterior inferior
bPosterior inferior cerebellar artery
cerebellar artery
()

2. (Superior cerebellar arteries)

(PICA)
(anterior lobe)(posterior lobe)
Anterior inferior 3.
cerebellar artery ( Pocket Atlas

of Human Anatomy 4e )
(AICA)
4.
1PICA(posterior inferior cerebellar artery)
2AICA(anterior inferior cerebellar artery)
()
P16
Motor functions of the cerebellum

Optimize

1.Coordination of movement

peripheral sensory

information

Intention tremor

(intention tremor)
Resting tremor
resting tremor ( resting

tremor)
intention tremor
synaptic efficacy

Fire of deep
2.Motor learning and initiation

cerebellar nuclei

prior to movement
21

(motor learning)(motor initiation)

(synaptic change)
(Long-lasting change)

(primary
motor cortex)

(
)
Effects on the

gamma motor
firing
system

3.Effects on the gamma motor system

gamma motor system

gamma motor neuron alpha motor neuron
( 17 )Gamma motor neuron
1Gamma motor neuron irritate(

3Ia
4
alpha

motor neuron5alpha motor neuron

6

3
reticular formation reticular
(reticulospinaltract)
formation 4
5
gamma motor
neuron alpha motor neuron

Hypotonia
gamma alpha
()

irritate gamma
gamma alpha
(hypotonia)
alpha

22

1.()(Hypotonia)

2.(intention tremor)

3.(Parkinson`s disease)

(resting tremor)
by
P.17
Clinical sign

(Dyssynergia)

Timing(

(Asynergia)

 Dyssynergia/Asynergia

(Dysarthria)
 Dysarthria

(Adiadochokinesis)

 Disdiadochokinesis/Adiadochokinesis

Supination(
(Dysmetria)

)/Pronation()
 Dysmetriaa
(Intension tremer)

finger to nose test

(Muscular

hypotonia)

 Intension tremerr

(Ataxia)

23


(Nystagmus)

Resting tremer(
)

Muscular hypotonia()

-motor system
Ataxia

intension tremer

(
)
Nystagmus ()

CN346 (
)

P.18
Clinical signnArchicerebelluar
signs

Archicerebelluar
Trunk ataxia

flocculonodular lobe
Ataxia Staggering gait(
) unsteady posture()
(

P.18 .
Oculomotor function

accessory oculomotor nuclei

nucleus prepositus
hypoglossi

nucleus

?

1.

2. input

A.accessory oculomotor nuclei

B.nucleus prepositus hypoglossi

CN346

24

P.19
accessory oculomotor nuclei

saccadic movement

smooth pursuit movement  Rostral interstitial nucleus of MLF

 Interstitial nucleus of Cajal

 Nucleus of posterior commissure

PPRF
 Nucleus of Darkschewitsch
()
CN346
saccadic movementsmooth pursuit
movement(Gaze)

P.19

(
()

P.19
Fastigial nucleus ( fastigial
oculomotor region FOR)
PPRF

25

P.20

1.
2.

3.

1.
by

26

27

1. (

)

(1)
------------------(2)

(a)
(

(
)

(b)
(
)

(c)
(
)

(d)

Z
(e)

(f)

2.
(arcuate
nucleus)

(1)

.

(2)
.
.

(3)

(a)
---

(b)
---

28

29