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What is Schizophrenia?
Group of severe disorders characterized by
disorganized and delusional thinking,
Fragmented
Bizarre
Distorted by false beliefs
Delusions:
False beliefs
Paranoid tendencies
Word Salads
A bunch of thoughts thrown together
disturbed perceptions,
Hallucinations:
Sensory Experiences with out sensory stimuli
Can be
Visual, auditory (usually male), tactile, olfactory, and gustatory
Motor behavior
Catatonia:
Immobility
National Institue of Mental Health . (n.d.). Schizophrenia. Retrieved November 08, 2014, from National Institue of Mental Health : http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/schizophrenia/index.shtml
Meyers, D. G. (2011). Meyer's Psychology for AP. Hope College Holland, Michigan : Worth Publishers .
History of Schizophrenia
Documented as far back as old Pharaonic Egypt
Thought it was demonic possession
Would drill holes in the skull
Would release the demons
Schizophrenia . (2010). History of Schizophrenia. Retrieved November 08, 2014, from Schizophrenia : http://schizophrenia.com/history.htm#
Types of Schizophrenia
Acute Schizophrenia
Reaction to life stress; appears suddenly, and
recovery is more likely due to positive symptoms
(reacts to drug therapy).
Chronic Schizophrenia
Slow-developing process, doubtful recovery;
emerges from a long history of social inadequacy
(lower socio-economic); demonstrates negative
symptoms
.
Meyers, D. G. (2011). Meyer's Psychology for AP. Hope College Holland, Michigan : Worth Publishers
Subtypes
Paranoid
Preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations often with themes of
persecution or grandiosity
John Nash
A Beautiful Mind
Disorganized
Disorganized speech or behavior, or flat or inappropriate emotions
Catatonic
Immobility, extreme negativism, and for parrot like repeating of ones
emotions or movements
Undifferentiated
Many and varied symptoms
Residual
Withdrawal, after hallucinations and delusions have disappeared
Meyers, D. G. (2011). Meyer's Psychology for AP. Hope College Holland, Michigan : Worth Publishers .
Causes
Genes and environment
Only 1% of general population, 10% with first degree
relative, and 40-65% chance with identical twin.
Famine
No one gene causes it.
Environment also plays a factor.
Womb environment
Louis Wain
http://www.cerebromente.org.br/gallery/gall_leonardo/fig1-a.htm
Meyers, D. G. (2011). Meyer's Psychology for AP. Hope College Holland, Michigan : Worth Publishers .
Causes
Different brain chemistry and structure
Neurotransmitters
Dopamine and glutamate
Ventricles in brain
Fluid filled cavities in brain are larger with people who
have schizophrenia.
http://www.thoseconspiracyguys.com/genetics-disease-schizophrenia-cluster-different-genes-just-one
Meyers, D. G. (2011). Meyer's Psychology for AP. Hope College Holland, Michigan : Worth Publishers .
Causes
Brain Abnormalities continued
Dopamine Overactivity
More dopamine receptors
Types of Symptoms created by high levels of dopamine:
Increase in brain signals and creating positive symptoms
Anatomy differences
Frontal Lobe
Activity diminishes
http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizophrenia
Meyers, D. G. (2011). Meyer's Psychology for AP. Hope College Holland, Michigan : Worth Publishers .
Causes
Maternal Virus during Pregnancy
The mother getting the flu after the first trimester
as shown a correlation with a diagnosis of
schizophrenia in the fetus
Most at risk during fall and winter
Meyers, D. G. (2011). Meyer's Psychology for AP. Hope College Holland, Michigan : Worth Publishers .
Who is at risk?
Effects men and women equally.
Men though tend to be struck earlier, more severely
Up to four years earlier
More symptoms
Chronic
Meyers, D. G. (2011). Meyer's Psychology for AP. Hope College Holland, Michigan : Worth Publishers
Meyers, D. G. (2011). Meyer's Psychology for AP. Hope College Holland, Michigan : Worth Publishers
Treatments
Antipsychotic Drugs
Reduce symptoms, does not cure the illness.
Usually function by blocking the receptor sites for dopamine.
Example:
Thorazine
dampen responsiveness to irrelevant stimuli
Side effects:
Tardive dyskinsia
Involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs.
Obesity
Diabetes
Meyers, D. G. (2011). Meyer's Psychology for AP. Hope College Holland, Michigan : Worth Publishers .
National Institue of Mental Health . (n.d.). Schizophrenia. Retrieved November 08, 2014, from National Institue of Mental Health : http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/schizophrenia/index.shtml
Treatments
Atypical antipsychotics
Target both dopamine and serotonin receptors
Example:
Clozapine
Meyers, D. G. (2011). Meyer's Psychology for AP. Hope College Holland, Michigan : Worth Publishers .
Treatments
Psychosocial support and therapy
Help individuals learn how to function in
appropriate, effective ways.
Examples:
Social skills, vocational counseling, and job training
Meyers, D. G. (2011). Meyer's Psychology for AP. Hope College Holland, Michigan : Worth Publishers .
National Institue of Mental Health . (n.d.). Schizophrenia. Retrieved November 08, 2014, from National Institue of Mental Health :
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/schizophrenia/index.shtml