Emily Shook

English 2100Annotated Bibliography Assignment

PR, N. (2014, February 4). In Huffington Post Blog, The International Planned Parenthood
Federation Urges Action to Stop Sexual Abuse and Violence Against Women and
Children Syrian Refugees. PR Newswire US.
The Director-General of the London-based International Planned Parenthood Federation,
Tewodros Melesse, is advocating to terminate the gender and sexual-based violence
toward women refugees displaced by the Syrian conflict. He argues that as the Syrian
Crisis continues there is another war with the sexual violence facing women and children
refugees, and there are human rights violations on both sides of the ongoing conflict. The
article also gives detailed statistics for the sexual and reproductive health initiatives of the
Syrian Family Planning Association. This source not only notes the need for increased
medical and health services, but also stresses the importance to provide sexual and
reproductive health services to women who have endured such trauma. This article is
extremely pertinent to my topic because it lays the framework for what must be provided
to Syrian women refugees that are faced with gender and sexual-based violence. This
source specifically recognizes the need for an increased distribution of sexual and
reproductive health services, so women that have fallen victim to gender and sexualbased violence receive the proper medical attention to recover and be reintegrated into
society.
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN SYRIA: BREAKING THE SILENCE. (2012). Briefing
Paper Based on an FIDH Assessment Mission in Jordan in December 2012.
The International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) and the Arab Women
Organisation (AWO), sent an international fact-finding mission as a means to meet with
Syrian women refugees displaced by the Syrian Conflict in Jordan to document sexual
violence and other forms of violence against women and girls in the mist of the ongoing
conflict in Syria. The missions purpose was to shed light on the situation of refugee
women and to strengthen documentation that prosecute perpetrators of violence for their
crimes that specially target women displaced by the Syrian Conflict. This source
provides statistics of women and girls that have been affected by forms of gender and
sexual-based violence, and the social stigma associated with women refugees displaced
by the Syrian Conflict and the need for psychological treatment, as well as medical
treatment. This source also discusses that rape can be used as a mechanism of war, and
the need to hold violent non-state actors and perpetrators of violence accountable for their
crimes against humanity. This source is extremely pertinent to my topic because it gives
statistics, as well as the United Nation Security Council resolutions that protect women
and girls, as well as deter the gender and sexual-based violence in times of conflict.

Davis, L., Kirby, J., Ibrahim, R., Joolharzadeh, S., Laveaux, L., & Atlas, C. (2013, January 1).
Seeking Accountability and Effective Response for Gender-Based Violence Against
Syrian Women. Retrieved February 7, 2015.
MADRE and the International Womens Human Rights (IWHR) Clinic and the City
University of New York (CUNY) School of Law, and the Womens International League
for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) all contributed to the research and editing of this
journal. The focus of this journal is to promote sustainable peace in times of conflict and,
especially the deteriorating human rights conditions for refugee women displaced by the
Syrian Conflict. The authors believe that is crucial for these Syrian women refugees to
speak out and to advocate for policy change regarding gender and sexual-based violence
for the future. This source sheds light on the social stigma and the lack of documentation
of sexual-violence attacks on Syrian women refugees. This source points out the need for
increased medical and psychological attention to these women as a means to reintegrate
these women into society once the conflict is resolved. This source correlates to my topic
because it mentions the need for social and political change to be made in order to deter
the gender and sexual-based toward women displaced by the Syrian Conflict. This source
also discusses the negative effects of the under documentation of the increased sexualviolence acts, and the lack of access to the survivors that seek medical and psychological
support.
Arjona, A., & Maglietti, M. (2014, January 1). SEXUAL and GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
SYRIAN REFUGEES in Jordan. Retrieved February 7, 2015.
Humanitarian agencies have discovered that incidents of gender and sexual-based
violence are immensely under-reported, due to the stigmatization and fear of retaliation
by family members and the community. This source discusses the culture shame and
stigma of women displaced by the Syrian conflict, and associated issues such as forced
early marriage, survival sex, the lack of resources provided to these Syrian women,
harassment and insecurity faced by women who have been subjected to gender and
sexual-based violence during the Syrian conflict. This source also highlights the positive
initiatives and legislative frameworks that have been implemented to deter the sexualviolence toward Syrian women refugees, such as prevention, coordination, and multisectorial assistance measures. This source is critical to my topic because it not only
highlights the issues being faced by the Syrian women refugees, but shows what is being
done to deter the re-emergence of gender and sexual-based violence in the refugee camps.
This source specifically mentions networks and programs that deter the reemergence of
sexual violence, and sheds light on what must be done to combat the gender and sexualbased violence toward Syrian women refugees.

Crawford, K., Green, A., & Parkinson, S. (2014, September 4). Wartime sexual violence is not
just a weapon of war. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
The Washington Post released an article written by Crawford, Green, and Parkinson
regarding the rape crisis in Syria and the many Syrian refugee women who become
victims of these horrid crimes against humanity. This source illustrates the representation
and the role media reports the ongoing Syrian crisis. Furthermore, the authors state that
the media brings about consciousness raising to the issues of violent non-state actors
utilizing rape as a mechanism of war. The utilization of rape as a military tactic is
completely horrifying, and the authors stress the need to educate the international
community about these horrendous crimes. This source is extremely pertinent to my topic
because it sheds a light on the violent non-state actor groups and their utilization of rape
as a mechanism and tactic of war. This source also mentions the men and children that
also are victims of rape crimes, and the need to unite as an international community to
bring awareness to these erogenous crimes immediately.
Shafi, F. (2014, June 10). Syrian Women Continue to Battle Against Sexual Violence. Retrieved
March 7, 2015.
Fida Shafi discusses the Chatham House research project that focuses on Syrian refugee
women and the violent experiences encountered in the region by society and violent nonstate actors as well. The author explains that the dowries for Syrian women have in fact
much lower than they have been before, due to a societal conception that Syrian women
are cheap due to the lack of extensive and chronic human rights violations for these
women. The author also discusses that Syrian women feel at risk in their own
communities from violent non-state actors and this is primarily due to the gender and
sexual-based violence crimes. The author also discusses the increased need for
humanitarian assistance, health care, education, employment, and political participation
from the Syrian women refugees to greater express their needs to the international
community, in order to live a dignified life. Furthermore, the author discusses the
encouragement of some Syrian parents to make their girl children participate in forced
child marriages out of fear that they may be raped, and then seen unmarriageable and
worthless by societal standards. This source is pertinent to my topic because it addresses
the issues of the social stigma that is associated with the reporting of rape crimes. Also,
this source discusses the problems with child marriage, and the societal pressure to marry
girl children young to avoid these crimes of gender and sexual-based violence against
them in the future. Furthermore, this source discusses the need for increased humanitarian
aid to be provided to Syrian women refugees in order to live a life of dignity, and in my
paper I discuss this a great deal and its pertinence to ensuring a quality of life.