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10
Reduce.
a) x 2 + 4 + x 2 + 1
c) x 2 6x + 2x + x 2
e) x 2 + 4x + 1 + 2x + 3
g) 3x 2 + 4 x 2 + 2x 5
b) 5x 2 3 4x 2 + 1
d) 3x + 4x 2 x 2 + x
f ) 5x 2 + 3x 4x 2 2x + 1
h)10 3x + x 2 7 4x
a) x 2 + 4 + x 2 + 1 = 2x 2 + 5
b) 5x 2 3 4x 2 + 1 = x 2 2
c) x 2 6x + 2x + x 2 = 2x 2 4x
d) 3x + 4x 2 x 2 + x = 3x 2 + 4x
e) x 2 + 4x + 1 + 2x + 3 = x 2 + 6x + 4
f ) 5x 2 + 3x 4x 2 2x + 1 = x 2 + x + 1
g) 3x 2 + 4 x 2 + 2x 5 = 2x 2 + 2x 1 h) 10 3x + x 2 7 4x = x 2 7x + 3
12
b) 7x (5x 4)
d) 3x (x + 5)
f ) (4x + 2) (3x + 2)
a) 3x + (2x 1) = 3x + 2x 1 = 5x 1
b) 7x (5x 4) = 7x 5x + 4 = 2x + 4
c) 6x (4x + 2) = 6x 4x 2 = 2x 2
d) 3x (x + 5) = 3x x 5 = 2x 5
e) (x 5) + (x 3) = x 5 + x 3 = 2x 8
f ) (4x + 2) (3x + 2) = 4x + 2 3x 2 = x
13
14
Calcula:
a) El valor numrico de 5x 2 para x = 1.
b) El valor numrico de 4x 2 para x = 3.
c) El valor numrico de 2xy para x = 3 e y = 5.
a) 5x 2 para x = 1 8 5 12 = 5
b) 4x 2 para x = 3 8 4 (3)2 = -4 9 = 36
c) 2xy para x = 3, y = 5 8 2 3 (5) = 30
Unidad 5. lgebra
PGINA 112
15
( )
c) (4a) (5a 2)
( )
( )( )
2
d) x (6x)
2
2
2
e) x x
3
2
f ) (5a) 1 a 2
5
( )
e) ( x ) ( x ) = 1 1 x x = 1 x
3
2
3 2
6
f ) (5a) 1 a = 5 1 a a = a
( 5 ) ( 5)
2
d) x (6x) = 1 6 x 2 x = 3x 3
2
2
2
17
b) (2ab) (4b)
( )( )
d) 2 ab 3 ab
3
2
( )( )
( )
d) 2 ab 3 ab = 2 3 a a b b = a2b 2
3
2
3
2
18
a) 4x
2
d) 12a
4a
3a
3a 2 =
= 1
3
a
5a
15a
b) 3
3a
c) 5x
10x
e) 15x2
3x
2
f ) 8a 3
8a
a) 4x = 2 2 x = 2x
2
2
b) 3 = 1
3a a
c) 5x = 5 x = 1
10x 2 5 x 2
2
d) 12a = 4 3 a a = 3a
4a
4a
e) 15x2 = 3 5 x = 5
3xx x
3x
f)
Unidad 5. lgebra
8a 2
8 a2
=
=1
3
2
8a
8a a a
19
Divide.
a) (10x) : (2x)
c) (14a 2) : (7a)
e) (10x 2) : (5x 3)
b) (5a2) : (15a 2)
d) (6x 3) : (9x 2)
f ) (5a) : (5a 3)
a) (10x) : (2x) = 5 2x = 5
2x
b) (5a2) : (15a 2) =
5 a2
=1
2
3
35a
c) (14a 2) : (7a) = 7 2 a a = 2a
7 a
d) (6x 3) : (9x 2) =
3 2 x2 x 2
= x
3
3 3 x2
e) (10x 2) : (5x 3) =
5 2 x2 2
=
5 x2 x x
f ) (5a) : (5a 3) =
5 a = 1
5 a a2 a2
PGINA 113
c) 5x 3 3x 2
a) Grado 2.
c) Grado 3.
b) Grado 4.
Unidad 5. lgebra
PGINA 114
Copia y completa.
3x 3 6x 2 + 8x + 2
+ 2x 3 + 2x 2 6x 9
+
x 3 4x 2 + 1
+ + x +
3x 3 6x 2 + 5x + 3
x 2 + 5x 7
+ x 2 8x + 5
2x 2 3x 2
3x 3 6x 2 + 8x + 2
+ 2x 3 + 2x 2 6x 9
5x 3 4x 2 + 2x 7
x 3 4x 2 + 4x 1
+ 2x 3 2x 2 + x + 4
3x 3 6x 2 + 5x + 3
x 2 + 5x 7
+ x 2 8x + 5
A 8
B 8
A+B 8
3x 3 5x 2 4x + 4
2x 3 x 2 7x 1
5x 3 6x 2 11x + 3
b)
A 8 3x 3 5x 2 4x + 4
B 8 2x 3 x 2 7x 1
AB 8
x 3 4x 2 + 3x + 5
a)
M 8
N 8
M+N 8
c)
N 8
5x 2 3x 5
M 8 7x 3 + 6x 2 + 0x 2
M + N 8 7x 3 + 11x 2 3x 7
b)
M 8 7x 3 6x 2 + 0x + 2
N 8
5x 2 + 3x + 5
M N 8 7x 3 11x 2 + 3x + 7
PGINA 115
Calcula.
a) 3 (2x + 5)
c) 7 (x 3 1)
e) x (x + 1)
g) x 2 (5x 2)
i) 3x (x 2 2)
b) 5 (x 2 x)
d) (2) (5x 3)
f ) 2x (3x 5)
h)3x 2 (x + 2)
j) 5x (x 2 + x + 1)
a) 3 (2x + 5) = 6x + 15
c) 7 (x 3 1) = 7x 3 7
e) x (x + 1) = x 2 + x
g) x 2 (5x 2) = 5x 3 2x 2
i) 3x (x 2 2) = 3x 3 3x 2
b) 5 (x 2 x) = 5x 2 5x
d) (2) (5x 3) = 10x + 6
f ) 2x (3x 5) = 6x 2 10x
h) 3x 2 (x + 2) = 3x 3 + 6x 2
j) 5x (x 2 + x + 1) = 5x 3 + 5x 2 + 5x
Unidad 5. lgebra
Multiplica.
a) (x + 1) (x 2)
c) (2x 3) (3x 2)
b) (2x 1) (x 1)
d) (4 + x) (2x + 1)
a) (x + 1) (x 2) = x (x 2) + (x 2) = x 2 2x + x 2 = x 2 x 2
b) (2x 1) (x 1) = 2x (x 1) 1 (x 1) = 2x 2 2x x + 1 = 2x 2 3x + 1
c) (2x 3) (3x 2) = 2x (3x 2) 3 (3x 2) = 6x 2 4x 9x + 6 =
= 6x 2 13x + 6
d) (4 + x) (2x + 1) = 4 (2x + 1) + x (2x + 1) = 8x + 4 + 2x 2 + x = 2x 2 + 9x + 4
10
c)
4x 2 8x + 12
5x 3 + 10x 2 15x
3x 4 + 6x 3 9x 2
3x 4 + 11x 3 3x 2 23x + 12
PGINA 117
Copia y completa.
a) (x + 1)2 = x 2 + 2
+ 2 = x2 + 2 +
b) (a + 3)2 = 2 +
a 3 + 2 = a2 + a +
c) (x 5)2 = x 2 2
+ 52 = x 2 x +
d) (a 2)2 = 2 2
+ 2 = a2 a +
e) (x + 5) (x 5) = 2 52 = x 2
f ) (a 1) (a + 1) = 2 2 = a 2
Comprueba los resultados efectuando cada producto.
a) (x + 1)2 = x 2 + 2 x 1 + 1 2 = x 2 + 2 x + 1
b) (a + 3)2 = a
+ 2 a 3 + 3 2 = a2 + 6 a + 9
c) (x 5)2 = x 2 2 x 5 + 52 = x 2 10 x + 25
Unidad 5. lgebra
d) (a
2)2
= a
2 a 2 + 2 =
e) (x + 5) (x 5) = x
52 = x 2 25
f ) (a 1) (a + 1) = a
1 2 = a2 1
Calcula.
a) (x + 4)2
d) (a + 2)2
4 a+ 4
b) (x 1)2
e) (a 1)2
c) (x 6) (x + 6)
f ) (a + 4) (a + 4)
a) (x + 4)2 = x 2 + 8x + 16
b) (x 1)2 = x 2 2x + 1
c) (x 6) (x + 6) = x 2 36
d) (a + 2)2 = a2 + 4a + 4
e) (a 1)2 = a2 2a + 1
f ) (a + 4) (a + 4) = (a + 4)2 = a2 + 8a + 16
Opera.
a) (2x y)2
d) (3a + 2b)2
b) (5 3x)2
e) (2x + 1) (2x 1)
c) (1 + 2a)2
f ) (3a 2b) (3a + 2b)
b) (5 3x)2 = 25 30x + 9x 2
c) (1 + 2a)2 = 1 + 4a + 4a2
e) (2x + 1) (2x 1) = 4x 2 1
Copia y completa.
a) x 2 + 2xy + y 2 = (
)2
c) 4x 2 + 4x + 1 = ( + )2
a) x 2 + 2xy + y 2 = ( x + y )2
c) 4x 2 + 4x + 1 = ( 2x + 1 )2
a2
b) a 2 2a + 1 = (
2a + 1 = ( a 1
d) a 2
16 = (a + 4) ( a 4
x 2 + 2xy + y 2
x2 y2
b)
c)
a2 1
a 2 2a + 1
d)
a2 9
a 2 6a + 9
x2
x4
8x + 16
2
e) a +28a + 16
a 16
f ) 2a2+ 3
4a 9
2
g) 9x + 6x + 1
3x + 1
h) a 16
a+4
2
x 2 + 2xy + y 2
x+y
= (x + y)
=
2
2
(x + y)(x y) x y
x y
a2
a2 9
= (a + 3)(a 2 3) = a + 3
a3
(a 3)
6a + 9
Unidad 5. lgebra
b) a 2
a)
b)
)2
d) a 2 16 = (a + 4) (
a)
c)
d)
e)
a2
a2
1
= (a + 1)(a 2 1) = a + 1
a1
(a 1)
2a + 1
x2
x4
= x 42 = 1
x4
8x + 16 (x 4)
2
a 2 + 8a + 16
= (a + 4)
= a+4
2
(a + 4)(a 4) a 4
a 16
2a + 3
f ) 2a2 + 3 =
= 1
4a 9 (2a + 3)(2a 3) 2a 3
2
2
g) 9x + 6x + 1 = (3x + 1) = 3x + 1
3x + 1
3x + 1
2
h) a 16 = (a + 4)(a 4) = a 4
a+4
a+4
PGINA 118
Copia y completa.
a) 7x + 7y = 7 (
c) 2x + xy = x (
)
)
b) 6a 9b = 3 (
d) x + x 2 x 3 = x (
e) 5x 2 + 10xy + 15x = 5x (
a) 7x + 7y = 7 ( x + y
c) 2x + xy = x ( 2 + y
b) 6a 9b = 3 ( 2a 3b
)
)
d) x +
x2
x3
= x ( 1 + x x2 )
e) 5x 2 + 10xy + 15x = 5x ( x + 2y + 3 )
b) 3a + 3b
e) x 2 + xy
a) 8x + 8y = 8 (x + y)
c) 5x + 10 = 5 (x + 2)
e) x 2 + xy = x (x + y)
Simplifica.
a) 3x
2x + xy
b) 3a + 3b = 3 (a + b)
d) 8 + 4a = 4 (2 + a)
f ) 2a 2 + 6a = 2a (a + 3)
b)
4a
4a + 8b
a)
3x =
3x
= 3x
2x + xy x (2 + y ) 2 + y
c)
x2
x2
=
= 1
x 2 + x 3 x 2 (1 + x) 1 + x
Unidad 5. lgebra
c) 5x + 10
f ) 2a 2 + 6a
c)
b)
x2
x2 + x3
4a =
4a
= a
4a + 8b 4 (a + 2b) a + 2b