Tai Lieu PLC

Chng1.H thng iu khin.
1.1.Khi nim h thng iu khin:

Trong cng nghip yu cu t ng ho ngy cng tng, i hi k thut iu
khin phi p ng c nhng yu cu . gii quyt c nhim v iu
khin ngi ta c th thc hin bng hai cch: thc hin bng Rle, khi ng t
... hoc thc hin bng chng trnh nh. H iu khin bng Rle v h iu
khin bng lp trnh c nh khc nhau phn x l: thay v dng Rle, tip
im v dy ni trong phng php lp trnh c nh chng c thay bng cch
mch in t. Nh vy thit b PLC lm nhim v thay th phn mch in iu
khin trong khu x l s liu. Nhim v ca s mch iu khin s c xc
nh bng mt s hu hn cc bc thc hin xc nh gi l "chng trnh".
Chng trnh ny m t cc bc thc hin gi l tin trnh iu khin, tin trnh
ny c lu vo b nh nn c gi l "iu khin lp trnh c nh". Trn c
s khc nhau ca khu x l s liu ta c th biu din hai h iu khin nh
sau:
Cc bc thit lp s iu khin bng Rle:
Xc nh nhim v iu khin
S mch in
Chn phn t mch in
Dy ni lin kt cc phn t
Kim tra chc nng
Hnh 1-1:lu iu khin dng Rle
Lp trnh vi SPS S7-300
http://www.ebook.edu.vn 7
Cc bc thit lp s iu khin bng PLC:

Xc nh nhim v iu khin
Thit k thut gii
San tho chng trnh
Kim tra chc nng
Hnh 1-2: Lu iu khin bng PLC

Khi thay i nhim v iu khin ngi ta cn thay i mch iu khin
bng cch lp li mch, thay i phn t mi i vi h thng iu khin bng
Rle in. Trong khi khi thay i nhim v iu khin ta ch cn thay i
chng trnh son tho i vi h iu khin bng lp trnh c nh.
S khc nhau gia h iu khin bng Rle in v lp trnh c nh c th
minh ho bng mt v d sau:
iu khin h thng 3 my bm nc qua 3 khi ng t K1, K2, K3. Trnh
t iu khin nh sau: Cc my bm hot ng tun t ngha l K1 ng trc
tip n l K2 ri cui cng l K3 ng.
thc hin nhim v theo yu cu trn mch iu khin ta thit k nh sau:
Trong cc nt n S1, S2, S3, S4 l cc phn t nhp tn hiu.
Cc tip im K1, K2, K3 v cc mi lin kt l cc phn x l.
Cc khi ng t K1, K2, K3 l kt qu x l.
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
S1
S2
K1
S3
K2
S4
K1
K1
K3
K2
K2
K3
Hnh 1-3:S iu khin

Nu ta thay bng thit b iu khin PLC ta c th m t nh sau:
-Tn hiu vo: S1, S2, S3, S4 vn gi nguyn.
-Tn hiu ra: K1, K2, K3 l cc khi ng t vn gi nguyn.
-Phn t x l:c thay th bng PLC.
S1
Nhp
s liu
S2
S3
K1
X l
S4
K2
K1
K3
K2
Kt qu
K1
K2
K3
Hnh 1-4
Khi thc hin bng chng trnh iu khin c nh PLC ta ch cn thc hin
ni mch theo s sau:
http://www.ebook.edu.vn 9
Nhp s
liu
S1
S2
S3
S4
24V
X l
PLC
N
Kt qu
K1
K2
K3
Hnh 1-5:S ni dy thc hin bng PLC

Nu by gi nhim v iu khin thay i v d nh cc bm 1,2,3 hot ng
theo nguyn tc l ch mt trong s cc bm c hot ng c lp. Nh vy
i vi mch iu khin dng Rle ta phi tin hnh lp gip li ton b mch
iu khin, trong khi i vi mch iu khin dng PLC th ta li ch cn
son tho li chng trnh ri np li vo CPU th ta s c ngay mt s iu
khin theo yu cu nhim v mi m khng cn phi ni li dy trn mch iu
khin.
Nh vy mt cch tng qut c th ni h thng iu khin PLC l tp hp
cc thit b v linh kin in t. m bo tnh n nh, chnh xc v an ton..
trong qu trnh sn xut, cc thit b ny bao gm nhiu chng loi, hnh dng
khc nhau vi cng sut t rt nh n rt ln. Do tc pht trin qu nhanh
ca cng ngh v p ng c cc yu cu iu khin phc tp nn h thng
iu khin phi c h thng t ng ho cao. Yu cu ny c th thc hin c
bng h lp trnh c nh PLC kt hp vi my tnh, ngoi ra cn cn c cc thit
b ngoi vi khc nh: Bng iu khin, ng c, cm bin, tip im, cng tc
t,...
Kh nng truyn d liu trong h thng rt rng thch hp cho h thng x l
v cng rt linh ng trong cc h thng phn phi .
Mi mt thnh phn trong h thng iu khin c mt vai tr quan trng nh
c trnh by trong hnh v sau.
10
Ngun
nui
T tip
im
cm
bin
Giao tip ng
vo
Khi x l
trung tm
B nh
Giao
tip
ng
ra
n cun
dy, m
t,....
Hnh 1-6: M hnh h thng iu khin PLC

H thng PLC s khng cm nhn c th gii bn ngoi nu khng c cc
cm bin, v cng khng th iu khin c h thng sn xut nu khng c
cc ng c, xy lanh hay cc thit b ngoi vi khc nu cn thit c th s dng
cc my tnh ch ti cc v tr c bit ca dy chuyn sn xut .
1.1.1.H thng iu khin PLC in hnh :
Trong h thng iu khin PLC cc phn t nhp tn hiu nh : chuyn mch,
nt n, cm bin, ... c ni vi u vo ca thit b PLC. Cc phn t chp
hnh nh : n bo, r le, cng tc t,... c ni n li ra ca PLC ti cc u
ni.
Chng trnh iu khin PLC c son tho di cc dng c bn (s c
trnh by phn sau) s c np vo b nh bn trong PLC, sau t ng
thc hin tun t theo mt chui lnh iu khin c xc nh trc .
H cn cho php cng nhn vn hnh thao tc bng tay cc tip im, nt
dng khn cp m bo tnh an ton trong cc trng hp xy ra s c.
1.1.2.Vai tr ca PLC:
PLC c xem nh tri tim trong mt h thng iu khin t ng n l vi
chng trnh iu khin c cha trong b nh ca PLC, PC thng xuyn
kim tra trng thi ca h thng thng qua cc tn hiu hi tip t thit b nhp
t c th a ra nhng tn hiu iu khin tng ng n cc thit b xut.
http://www.ebook.edu.vn11
PLC c th c s dng cho nhng yu cu iu khin n gin v c lp

i lp li theo chu k, hoc lin kt vi my tnh ch khc hoc my tnh ch
thng qua mt kiu h thng mng truyn thng thc hin cc qu trnh x l
phc tp.
Tn hiu vo.
Mc thng minh ca mt h thng iu khin ph thuc ch yu vo
kh nng ca PLC c c cc d liu khc nhau t cc cm bin cng nh
bng cc thit b nhp bnh tay .
Tiu biu cho cc thit b nhp bng tay nh : Nt n, bn phm v chuyn
mch. Mt khc, o, kim tra chuyn ng, p sut, lu lng cht lng ...
PLC phi nhn cc tn hiu t cc cm bin. V d : Tip im hnh trnh, cm
bin quang in ... tn hiu a vo PLC c th l tn hiu s (Digital) hoc tn
hiu tng t (Analog), cc tn hiu ny c giao tip vi PLC thng qua cc
Modul nhn tn hiu vo khc nhau khc nhau DI (vo s) hoc AI (vo tng
t)....
i tng iu khin .
Mt h thng iu khin s khng c ngha thc t nu khng giao tip
c vi thit b xut, cc thit b xut thng dng nh: Mt, van, Rle, n
bo, chung in,... cng ging nh thit b nhp, cc thit bi xut c ni n
cc ng ra ca Modul ra (Output). Cc Modul ra ny c th l DO (Ra s) hoc
AO (ra tng t).
1.1.3.Cu to PLC.
Thit b iu khin lp trnh PLC bao gm khi x l trung tm (CPU) trong
c cha chng trnh iu khin v cc Modul giao tip vo/ra c nhim v
lin kt trc tip n cc thit b vo/ra, s khi cu to PLC c v nh
hnh 1-6.
Khi x l trung tm : l mt vi x l iu khin tt c cc hot ng ca
PLC nh: Thc hin chng trnh, x l vo/ra v truyn thng vi cc thit b
bn ngoi.
B nh: c nhiu cc b nh khc nhau dng cha chng trnh h thng
l mt phn mm iu khin cc hot ng ca h thng, s LAD, tr s ca
12
Timer, Counter c cha trong vng nh ng dng, ty theo yu cu ca ngi

dng c th chn cc b nh khc nhau:
B nh ROM: l loi b nh khng thay i c, b nh ny ch np c
mt ln nn t c s dng ph bin nh cc loi b nh khc .
B nh RAM: l loi b nh c th thay i c v dng cha cc
chng trnh ng dng cng nh d liu, d liu cha trong Ram s b mt
khi mt in. Tuy nhin, iu ny c th khc phc bng cch dng Pin.
B nh EPROM: Ging nh ROM, ngun nui cho EPROM khng cn dng
Pin, tuy nhin ni dung cha trong n c th xo bng cch chiu tia cc tm
vo mt ca s nh trn EPROM v sau np li ni dung bng my np.
B nh EEPROM: kt hp hai u im ca RAM v EPROM, loi ny c
th xa v np bng tn hiu in. Tuy nhin s ln np cng c gii hn.
1.1.4.u nhc im ca h thng :
Trong giai on u ca thi k pht trin cng nghip vo khong nm
1960 v 1970, yu cu t ng ca h iu khin c thc hin bng cc Rle
in t ni ni vi nhau bng dy dn in trong bng iu khin, trong nhiu
trng hp bng iu khin c kch thc qu ln n ni khng th gn ton b
ln trn tng v cc dy ni cng khng hon ton tt v th rt thng xy ra
trc trc trong h thng. Mt im quan trong na l do thi gian lm vic ca
cc Rle c gii hn nn khi cn thay th cn phi ngng ton b h thng v
dy ni cng phi thay mi cho ph hp, bng iu khin ch dng cho mt yu
cu ring bit khng th thay i tc thi chc nng khc m phi lp gip li
ton b, v trong trng hp bo tr cng nh sa cha cn i hi th chuyn
mn c tay ngh cao. Tm li h iu khin Rle hon ton khng linh ng.
*Tm tt nhc im ca h thng iu khin dng Rle:
- Tn km rt nhiu dy dn .
- Thay th rt phc tp.
- Cn cng nhn sa cha tay ngh cao.
- Cng sut tiu th ln .
- Thi gian sa cha lu.
- Kh cp nht s nn gy kh khn cho cng tc bo tr cng nh thay
th.
*u im ca h iu khin PLC:
S ra i ca h iu khin PLC lm thay i hn h thng iu khin
cng nh cc quan nim thit k v chng, h iu khin dng PLC c nhiu u
im nh sau:
- Gim 80% S lng dy ni.
- Cng sut tiu th ca PLC rt thp .
- C chc nng t chun on do gip cho cng tc sa cha c nhanh
chng v d dng.
- Chc nng iu khin thay i d dng bng thit b lp trnh (my tnh,
mn hnh) m khng cn thay i phn cng nu khng c yu cu thm bt cc
thit b xut nhp.
- S lng Rle v Timer t hn nhiu so vi h iu khin c in.
- S lng tip im trong chng trnh s dng khng hn ch.
- Thi gian hon thnh mt chu trnh iu khin rt nhanh (vi mS) dn n
tng cao tc sn xut .
- Chi ph lp t thp .
- tin cy cao.
- Chng trnh iu khin c th in ra giy ch trong vi pht gip thun tin
cho vn bo tr v sa cha h thng.
1.1.5.ng dng ca h thng iu khin PLC:
T cc u im nu trn, hin nay PLC c ng dng trong rt nhiu lnh
vc khc nhau trong cng nghip nh:
- H thng nng vn chuyn.
- Dy chuyn ng gi.
- Cc ROBOT lp gip sn phm .
- iu khin bm.
- Dy chuyn x l ho hc.
- Cng ngh sn xut giy .
- Dy chuyn sn xut thu tinh.
- Sn xut xi mng.
- Cng ngh ch bin thc phm.
- Dy chuyn ch to linh kin bn dn.
- Dy chuyn lp gip Tivi.
- iu khin h thng n giao thng.
14
- Qun l t ng bi u xe.
- H thng bo ng.
- Dy truyn may cng nghip.
- iu khin thang my.
- Dy chuyn sn xut xe t.
- Sn xut vi mch.
- Kim tra qu trnh sn xut .
1.2 H thng iu khin PLC S7-300.
1.2.1.Cu trc phn cng ca h thng PLC S7-300.
Thng thng, tng tnh mm do trong ng dng thc t m phn
ln cc i tng iu khin c s tn hiu u vo, u ra cng nh chng loi
tn hiu vo/ra khc nhau m cc b iu khin PLC c thit k khng b cng
ho v cu hnh. Chng c chia nh thnh cc modul. S cc Modul c s
dng nhiu hay t tu theo tng yu cu cng ngh, song ti thiu bao gi cng
phi c mt Modul chnh l cc modul CPU, cc modul cn li l cc modul
truyn nhn tn hiu i vi i tng iu khin, cc modul chc nng chuyn
dng nh PID, iu khin ng c, Chng c gi chung l Modul m rng.
Tt c cc modul c g trn nhng thanh ray (RACK).
Modul CPU:
L modul c cha b vi x l, h iu hnh, b nh, cc b thi gian, b
m, cng truyn thng (chun tryn RS485) v c th cn c mt vi cng vo
ra s (Digital). Cc cng vo ra c trn modul CPU c gi l cng vo ra
onboard.
Trong PLC S7-300 c nhiu loi modul CPU khc nhau. Ni chung chng
c t tn theo b vi x l c trong n nh: CPU312, modul CPU 314, Modul
CPU 315,... Nhng modul cng s dng mt loi b vi x l, nhng khc nhau
v cng vo/ra onboard cng nh cc khi lm vic c bit c tch hp sn
trong th vin ca h iu hnh phc v vic s dng cc cng vo/ra onboard
ny s c phn bit vi nhau trong tn gi bng cch thm cm ch ci IFM
(Intergated Function Module) v d CPU 312IM, modul CPU 314 IFM.
Ngoi ra c cc loi modul CPU vi hai cng truyn thng, trong cng
truyn thng th hai c chc nng chnh l vic phc v ni mng phn tn. Tt
nhin c ci sn trong h iu hnh cc loi Modul CPU c phn bit vi
cc CPU khc bng thm cm t DP trong tn gi. V d Modul CPU 315-DP.
Modul m rng: cc modul m rng c chia lm 5 loi chnh:

1/ PS(Power supply): modul ngun nui. C 3 loi 2A ,5A v 10A.
Hnh 1-7:S b tr mt trm PLC( S7-300).

2/ SM: Modul m rng cng rn hiu vo ra , bao gm:
a) DI(Digital input): Modul m rng cng vo s. S cc cng vo ca
modul ny c th l 8, 16, 32 tu thuc vo tng loi modul.
b) DO(Digital output) Modul m rng cng ra s. S cc cng ra ca modul
ny c th l 8, 16, 32 tu thuc vo tng loi modul.
c) DI/DO: (Digital input/ Digital output): modul m rng cc cng vo/ra s
s cc cng vo/ra c th l 8 vo/8 ra hoc 16 vo/16 ra tu thuc vo
tng loi modul.
d) AI(Analog Input): Modul m rng cc cng vo tng t. V bn cht
chng chnh l nhng b chuyn i tng t-s (AD), tc l mi tn hiu
tng t c chuyn thnh mt tn hiu s (nguyn ) c di 12 bt, s
cc cng vo c th l 2, 4 hoc 8 tu thuc vo tng loi Modul.
e) AO(Analog ouput): Modul m rng cc cng ra tn hiu tng t. Chng
chnh l cc b chuyn i s - tng t (DA). S cc cng ra tng t c
th l 2 hoc 4 tu thuc tng loi modul.
f) AI/AO (Analog input/Analog output): Modul m rng cc cng vo ra
tng t. S cc cng c th l 4 vo/2 ra hoc 4 vo/4 ra tu thuc vo
tng loi modul.
16
3/ IM (Interface module): Modul ghp ni. y l loi modul chuyn dng

c nhim v ni tng nhm cc modul m rng li vi nhau thnh mt khi
v c qun l chung bi mt modul CPU. Thng thng cc modul m
rng c g lin vi nhau trn mt thanh gi l Rack. Trn mi mt
Rack ch c th g c nhiu nht 8 modul m rng (khng k modul CPU,
Modul ngun nui). Mt modul PU S7-300 c th lm vic trc tip c vi
nhiu nht 4 RACKS v cc Racks ny phi c ni vi nhau bng modul
IM.
4/ FM (Function modul): modul c chc nng iu khin ring , v d Modul
chc nng iu khin ng c bc , modul iu khin ng c Servo, modul
PID, modul iu khin vng kn.
5/ CP (communication modul): Modul phc v truyn thng trong mng gia
cc PLC vi nhau hoc gia PLC vi my tnh.
1.2.2.Kiu d liu v phn chia b nh:
1-Phn loi:
Mt chng ttrnh trong S7-300 c th s dng cc kiu d liu sau:
1/ BOOL: vi dung lng l 1 bit v c gi tr l 0 hoc 1 (ng hoc sai).
y l kiu d liu bin c hai gi tr.
2/ BYTE: gm 8 bits, thng c dng biu din mt s nguyn dng
trong khong t 0 n 255 hoc m ASCII ca mt t.
V d: B#16#14 ngha l s nguyn 14 vit theo h m c s 16 c
di 1 byte.
3/ WORD: gm 2 byte, biu din s nguyn dng t 0 n 65535 (216 1).
4/DWORD: L t kp c gi tr l: 0 n 232-1.
5/ INT: cng c dung lng l 2 bytes, dng biu din mt s nguyn
trong khong -32768 n 32767 hay ( 2-15...215-1).
6/ DINT: gm 4 bytes, dng biu din s nguyn t -2147483648 n
2147483647 hay: (2-31....231-1).
7/ REAL: gm 4 bytes, dng biu din mt s thc du phy ng c gi
tr l: -3,4E38.....3,4E38.
V d: 1.234567e+13
8/ S5t (hay S5Time): khong thi gian, c tnh theo gi/pht/giy: (-2-31+
231-1 ms).
V d: S5t#2h_3m_0s_5ms.
y l lnh to khong thi gian la 2 ting ba pht v 5 mili giy.
9/TOD: Biu din gi tr tc thi tnh theo Gi/pht/giy.
V d: TOD#5:30:00 l lnh khai bo gi tr thi gian trong ngy l 5 gi
30 pht.
10/ DATE: Biu din thi gian tnh theo nm / ngy / thng.
V d: DATE#2003-6-12
L lnh khai bo ngy12 thng 6 nm 2003.
11/ CHAR: biu din mt hoc nhiu k t (nhiu nht l 4 k t) (ASCII code).
V d: ABCD
2-S dng v khai bo cc dng tn hiu:
Trong qu trnh thc hin cu trc ca tn hiu s c biu din di dng:
1/ Bit : (v d I0.0) dng biu din s nh phn (c 2 gi tr 1 hoc 0).
1
2/ Byte : (v d MB0) Mt Byte gm c 8 bits. V d gi tr ca 8 cng vo (IB0)
hoc 8 cng ra (QB1),... c gi l mt byte:
0
3/ Word: (v d MW0= MB0 + MB1) Mt Word gm c 2 Byte nh vy mt

Word c di 16 bits.
0
Byte 0
Byte 1
4/ Doppelword: (v d MD0 = MW0 + MW2): c di 2 t hoc 4 Byte tc l
32 bits.
18
1.2.3.Cu trc b nh ca CPU ca S7-300:

c chia ra lm 3 vng chnh:
1) Vng cha chng trnh ng dng: vng nh chng trnh c chia lm
3 min:
a/ OB: Min cha chng trnh t chc (cc chng trnh ny s c gii
thiu mc 1.2.5).
b/ FC: (Funktion): min cha chng trnh con c t chc thnh hm
c bin hnh thc trao i d liu vi chng trnh gi n.
c/ FB: (Funktion Block): Min cha chng trnh con, c t chc thnh
hm v c kh nng trao i d liu vi bt c mt khi chng trnh no
khc. Cc d liu ny phi c xy dng thnh mt khi d liu ring
(gi l DB-Data block).
2) Vng cha cc tham s ca h iu hnh v chng trnh ng dng, c
phn chia thnh 7 min khc nhau, bao gm:
a. I (Procees image input): min b m cc d liu cng vo s. Trc khi
thc hin chng trnh, PLC s c gi tr logic ca tt c cc u vo v
ct gi chng trong vng nh I. Thng thng chng trnh ng dng
khng c trc tip trng thi logic ca cng vo s m ch ly d liu ca
cng vo t b m I.
b. Q (Process image output): min b m cc cng ra s. Kt thc giai on
thc hin chng trnh s chuyn gi tr logic ca b m ti cc cng ra
s. Thng thng khng trc tip gn gi tr ti tn cng ra m ch
chuyn chng vo b m Q.
c. M: Min cc bin c. Chng trnh ng dng s dng vng nh ny lu
gi cc tham s cn thit v c th truy cp n theo bit (M), byte (MB), t
(MW) hay t kp (MD).
d. T: Min nh phc v b thi gian (TIME) bao gm vic lu gi gi tr thi
gian t trc (PV-preset value), gi tr m thi gian tc thi (CVCurren value) cng nh cc gi tr logic u ra ca b thi gian.
e. C: Min nh phc v b m (counter) bao gm vic lu gi gi tr t
trc (PV), v gi tr m tc thi (CV) v gi tr logic u ra ca b m.
f. PI: Min a ch cng vo ca cc modul tng t. Cc gi tr tng t ti
cng vo ca modul tng t s c c v chuyn t ng theo nhng
a ch. Chng trnh ng dng c th truy nhp min nh PI theo tng
byte (PIB), tng t (PIW) hoc theo t kp (PID).
g. PQ: min a ch cng ra cho cc modul tng t. Cc ga tr theo nhng

a ch ny c modul tng t chuyn ti cc cng ra tng t. Chng
trnh ng dng c th truy cp min nh PQ theo tng byte (PQB), tng t
(PQW) hay tng t kp (PQD)
3) Vng cha cc khi d liu: c chia lm hai loi:
a. DB (Data block): min cha cc d liu c t chc thnh khi. Kch
thc cng nh s lng do ngi s dng qui nh, ph hp vi tng bi
ton iu khin. Chng trnh c th truy cp min ny theo tng bit
(DBX), byte (DBB), t (DBW) hoc t kp (DBD).
b. L (Local data block) : min gi liu a phng, c cc khi chng
trnh OB, FB, FC t chc v s dng cho cc bin nhp tc thi v trao
i gi liu ca bin hnh thc ca chng trnh vi nhng khi chng
trnh gi n. Ni dung ca mt s d liu trong min nh ny s b xo
khi kt thc chng trnh tng ng trong OB, FB, FC. Min ny c th
truy cp t chng trnh theo bit (L), byte (LB), t (LW) hay t kp (LD).
1.2.4.Vng qut ca chng trnh:
SPS (PLC) thc hin cc cng vic (bao gm c chng trnh iu khin)
theo chu trnh lp. Mi vng lp c gi l mt vng qut (scancycle). Mi
vng qut c bt u bng vic chuyn d liu t cc cng vo s ti vng b
m o I, tip theo l giai on thc hin chng trnh. Trong tng vng qut ,
chng trnh c thc hin t lnh u tin n lnh kt thc ca khi OB1.
Sau giai on thc hin chng trnh l giai on chuyn cc ni dung ca b
m o Q ti cc cng ra s. Vng qut c kt thc bng giai on x l cc
yu cu truyn thng (nu c) v kim tra trng thi ca CPU. Mi vng qut c
th m t nh sau:
Truyn thng v
kim tra ni b
Truyn d liu t
cng vo ti I
Vng qut
Chyn d liu
t Q ti cng
Thc hin
chng trnh
Hnh1-8: Qu trnh hot ng ca mt vng qut.

Ch : B m I v Q khng lin quan ti cc cng vo/ra tng t nn cc lnh
truy nhp cng tng t c thc hin trc tip vi cng vt l ch khng
thng qua b m.
20
Thi gian cn thit cho PLC thc hin c mt vng qut c gi l

thi gian vng qut (Scan time). Thi gian vng qut khng c nh, tc l
khng phi vng qut no cng c thc hin trong mt khong thi gian nh
nhau. C vng qut c thc hin lu, c vng qut c thc hin nhanh tu
thuc vo s lnh trong chng trnh c thc hin, vo khi lng d liu
truyn thng. Trong vng qut .
Nh vy gia vic c d liu t i tng x l, tnh ton v vic gi tn
hiu iu khin n i tng c mt khong thi gian tr ng bng thi gian
vng qut. Ni cch khc, thi gian vng qut quyt nh tnh thi gian thc ca
chng trnh iu khin trong PLC. Thi gian vng qut cng ngn, tnh thi
gian thc ca chng trnh cng cao.
Nu s dng cc khi chng trnh c bit c ch ngt, v d khi OB40,
OB80,... Chng trnh ca cc khi s c thc hin trong vng qut khi
xut hin tn hiu bo ngt cng chng loi. Cc khi chng trnh ny c th
thc hin ti mi vng qut ch khng phi b g p l phi trong giai on
thc hin chng trnh. Chng hn mt tn hiu bo ngt xut hin khi PLC ang
giai on truyn thng v kim tra ni b, PLC s tm dng cng vic truyn
thng, kim tra, thc hin ngt nh vy, thi gian vng qut s cng ln khi
cng c nhiu tn hiu ngt xut hin trong vng qut. Do nng cao tnh
thi gian thc cho chng trnh iu khin, tuyt i khng nn vit chng
trnh x l ngt qu di hoc qu lm dng vic s dng ch ngt trong
chng trnh iu khin.
Ti thi im thc hin lnh vo/ra, thng thng lnh khng lm vic trc
tip vi cng vo/ra m ch thng qua b nh m ca cng trong vng nh
tham s. Vic truyn thng gia b m o vi ngoi vi trong giai on 1 v 3
do h iu hnh CPU qun l. mt s modul CPU, khi gp lnh vo/ra ngay
lp tc h thng s cho dng mi cng vic khc, ngay c chng trnh x l
ngt, thc hin vi cng vo/ra.
1.2.5. Nhng khi OB c bit:
Khi OB1 c chc nng qun l chnh trong ton b chng trnh, c ngha
l n s thc hin mt cch u n tng vng qut trong khi thc hin
chng trnh. Ngoi ra Step7 cn c rt nhiu cc khi OB c bit khc v mi
khi OB c mt nhim v khc nhau, v d cc khi OB cha cc chng
trnh ngt ca cc chng trnh bo li ,....Tu thuc vo tng loi CPU khc
nhau m c cc khi OB khc nhau. V d cc khi OB c bit.
1. OB10: (Time of Day Interrupt): Chng trnh trong khi OB10 s c thc
hin khi gi tr ca ng h thi gian thc nm trong mt khong thi gian
qui nh. OB10 c th c gi mt ln, nhiu ln cch u nhau tng
pht, tng gi, tng ngy,....Vic qui nh thi gian hay s ln gi OB10
c thc hin bng chng trnh h thng SFC28 hoc trong bng tham s
modul CPU nh phn mm Step7.
2. OB20: (Time Delay Interrupt): chng trnh trong khi OB20 s c thc
hin sau mt khong thi gian tr t trc k t khi gi chng trnh h
thng SFC32 t thi gian tr.
3. OB35: (Cyclic Interrupt): Chng trnh OB35 s c thc hin cch u
nhau mt khong thi gian c nh. Mc nh khong thi gian ny l
100ms, xong ta c th thay i trong bng t tham s cho CPU nh phn
mm Step7.
4. OB40 ( Hardware Interrupt): Chng trnh trong khi OB40 s c thc
hin khi xut hin mt tn hiu bo ngt t ngoi vi a vo CPU thng qua
cc cng vo/ra s onboard c bit, hoc thng qua cc modul SM, CP, FM.
5. OB80: (cycle Time Fault): Chng trnh s c thc hin khi thi gian vng
qut (scan time) vt qua khong thi gian cc i qui nh hoc khi c
mt tn hiu ngt gi mt khi OB no m khi OB ny cha kt thc
ln gi trc. Mc nh, scan time cc i l 150ms, nhng c th thay i
tham s nh phn mm Step7.
6. OB81( Power Supply Fault): nu c li v phn ngun cung cp th s gi
chng trnh trong khi OB81.
7. OB82: (Diagnostic Interrupt) chng trnh trong khi ny s c gi khi
CPU pht hin c li t cc modul vo/ra m rng. Vi iu kin cc modul
vo/ra ny phi c chc nng t kim tra mnh.
8. OB85 (Not Load Fault): CPU s gi khi OB85 khi pht hin chng trnh
ng dng c s dng ch ngt nhng chng trnh x l tn hiu ngt li
khng c trong khi OB tng ng.
9. OB87 (Communication Fault): Chng trnh trong khi ny s c gi khi
CPU pht hin thy li trong truyn thng.
10. OB100 (Start Up Information): Khi ny s c thc hin mt ln khi CPU
chuyn trng thi t STOP sang trng thi RUN.
22
11. OB121: (Synchronouns error): Khi ny s c gi khi CPU pht hin thy
li logic trong chng trnh nh i sai kiu d liu hoc li truy nhp khi
DB, FC, FB khng c trong b nh ca CPU.
12. OB122 (Synchronouns error): Khi ny s c thc hin khi CPU pht
hin thy li truy nhp Modul trong chng trnh, v d trong chng trnh
c lnh truy nhp modul m rng nhng li khng c modul ny.
thc hin thay i cc chc nng ca cc khi OB trong CPU ta ch cn
kch p chut tri vo v t CPU trong bng cu hnh cng ca Project khi
trn mn hnh s xut hin mt ca s nh sau:
Hnh 1-9
Ch khng phi tt c cc CPU u c cc khi OBs nh gii thiu. S
lng v chng loi khi OB tu thuc vo tng loi CPU.
Chng 2: K thut lp trnh:

2.1.Gii thiuchung:
2.1.1.Lp trnh tuyn tnh v lp trnh c cu trc:
Phn b nh ca CPU dnh cho chng trnh ng dng c tn gi l logic
Block. Nh vy logic block l tn chung gi tt c cc khi bao gm nhng
khi chng trnh t chc OB, khi chng trnh FC, khi hm FB. Trong cc
loi khi chng trnh th ch c khi duy nht khi OB1 c thc hin trc
tip theo vng qut. N c h iu hnh gi theo chu k lp vi khng thi
gian khng cch u nhau m ph thuc vo di ca chng trnh. Cc loi
khi chng trnh khc khng tham gia vo vng qut.
Vi t chc chng trnh nh vy th phn chng trnh trong khi OB1 c
y iu kin ca mt chng trnh iu khin thi gian thc v ton b
chng trnh ng dng c th ch cn vit trong OB1 l nh hnh v sau.
Cch t chc chng trnh vi ch mt khi OB1 duy nht nh vy c gi l
lp trnh tuyn tnh.
OB1 thc
hin theo
vng qut
OB10 Nght
thi im nh
trc
OB82 Modul
chun on li
Hnh 2-1: S khi kiu lp trnh tuyn tnh

Khi OB1 c h thng gi xoay vng lin tc theo vng qut.
Cc khi OB khc khng tham gia vo vng qut c gi bng nhng tn
hiu bo ngt. S7-300 c nhiu tn hiu bo ngt nh tn hiu bo ngt khi c s
c ngun nui, c s c chp mch cc modul m rng, tn hiu bo ngt theo
chu k thi gian, v mi loi tn hiu bo ngt nh vy cng ch c kh nng gi
24
mt khi OB nht nh. V d tn hiu bo ngt s c ngun nui ch gi khi

OB81, tn hiu bo ngt truyn thng ch gi khi OB87.
Mi khi xut hin tn hiu bo ngt h thng s dng cng vic ang thc
hin li, chng hn nh tm dng vic thc hin chng trnh trong OB1, v
chuyn sang thc hin chng trnh x l ngt tong cc khi OB tng ng. V
d khi ang thc hin chng trnh trong khi OB1 m xut hin ngt bo s c
truyn thng, h thng s tm dng vic thc hin chng trnh trong OB1 li
gi chng trnh trong khi truyn thng OB87. Ch sau khi thc hin xong
chng trnh trong khi OB87 th h thng mi quay tr v hc hin tip tc
phn chng trnh cn li trong OB1.
Vi kiu lp trnh c cu trc th khc v ton b chng trnh iu khin
c chia nh thnh cc khi FC v FB mang mt nhim v c th ring v
c qun l chung bi nhng khi OB. Kiu lp trnh ny rt ph hp cho
nhng bi ton phc tp, nhiu nhim v v li rt thun li cho vic sa cha
sau ny.
DB
FB
DB
FC
SFB
OB
FB
DB
DB
FB
SFC
Hnh 2-2: S kiu lp trnh c cu trc.

OB: Organization Block
FB: Function Block
FC: Function
SFB: System Function block
SFC: System function
SDB: System Data Block
DB: Data block
Ch : Bao gi FB cng s dng chung vi DB.
2.1.2.Qui trnh thit k chng trnh iu khin dng PLC:

Qui trnh thit k h thng iu khin dng PLC bao gm cc bc sau:
1.Xc nh qui trnh iu khin:
iu u tin cn bit l i tng iu khin ca h thng, mc ch cnh
ca PLC l phi iu khin c cc thit b ngoi vi. Cc chuyn ng ca i
tng iu khin c kim tra thng xuyn bi cc thit b vo, cc thit b
ny gi tn hiu n PLC v tip theo PLC s a tn hiu iu khin n cc
thit b iu khin chuyn ng ca i tng. n gin, qui trnh iu
khin c th m t theo lu (hnh v 2-3).
2.xc nh tn hiu vo ra:
Bc th hai l phi xc nh v tr kt ni gia cc thit b vo ra vi PLC.
Thit b vo c th l tip im, cm bin, Thit b ra c th l Rle in t,
Motor, n, Mi v tr kt ni c nh s tng t ng vi PLC s dng.
3.Son tho chng trnh:
Chng trnh iu khin c son tho di dng lu hnh thang nh
trnh by bc 1.
4.Np chng trnh vo b nh:
Cp ngun cho PLC, ci t cu hnh khi giao tip I/O nu cn (Ph thuc
vao tng loi PLC). Sau np chng trnh son tho trn mn hnh vo b nh
ca PLC. Sau khi hon tt nn kim tra li bng chc nng t chun on v nu
c th th chy chng trnh m phng hot ng ca h thng (V d chng
trnh S7-SIM, S7- VISU,...).
5.Chy chng trnh:
Trc khi khi ng h thng cn phi chc chn dy ni t PLC n cc
thit b ngoi vi l ng, trong qu trnh chy kim tra c th cn thit phi thc
hin cc bc tinh chnh h thng nhm m bo an ton khi a vo hot ng
thc t.
26
Qui trnh thit k h thng iu khin bng PLC:
Xc nh yu cu
ca h thng
Kt ni cc thit
b I/O vo PLC
V lu iu
khin
Kim tra dy ni
Lit k cc thit
b I/Otng ng
vi cc u I/O
ca PLC
Chy th chng
trnh
Son tho
chng trnh
Kim tra
Np chng trnh
vo PLC
Chy tt?
NO
YES
Np vo EPROM
Sa cha chng
trnh
Chy m phng
v tm li
NO
YES
To ti liu
chng trnh
Chm dt
Chy tt?
Hnh 2-3: Qui trnh thit k mt h thng iu khin t ng.
2.2.Cc ngn ng lp trnh:

i vi PLC S7-300 c th s dng 6 ngn ng lp trnh.
1/ Ngn ng lp trnh LAD:
Vi loi ngn ng ny rt thch hp vi ngi quen thit k mch iu khin
logic
chng trnh c vit di dng lin kt gia cc cng tc:
v d:
Hnh 2-4: v d kiu lp trnh LAD.
28
2/ Ngn ng lp trnh FBD :

Loi ngn ng ny thch hp cho nhng ngi quen s dng v thit k mch
iu khin s.
Chng trnh c vit di dng lin kt ca cc hm logic k thut s:
V d:
Hnh 2-5: V d kiu lp trnh FBD.

3/ Ngn ng lp trnh STL
y l ngn ng lp trnh thng thng ca my tnh. Mt chng trnh c
ghp bi nhiu lnh theo mt thut ton nht nh, mi lnh chim mt hng v
u c cu trc chung l : "tn lnh" + "ton hng".
V d:
Hnh 2-6: V d kiu lp trnh STL.

4/ Ngn ng lp trnh SCL (Structured Control Language):

Kiu vit chng trnh ny s dng ngn ng PASCAL. Rt ph hp cho
nhng ngi vit cc chng trnh bng ngn ng my tnh.
v d:
5/ Ngn ng lp trnh : S7-Graph.

V d:
Hnh2-7: S khi lp trnh kiu S7-Graph.

30
6/ Ngn ng lp trnh : S7-HiGraph.

y l mt loi ngn ng vit chng trnh rt ph hp cho cc bi ton lm
vic c tnh tun t. Ti mi thi im ch c mt bc c thc hin. Vi kiu
lp trnh ny ngi lp trnh phi s dng phng php lp trnh c cu trc.
V d:
Hnh 2-8 : S lp trnh bng ngn ng S7-HiGraph.

Trong cun ti liu ny s gii thiu 4 loi ngn ng dng lp trnh (FBD,
STL, LAD v S7GRAPH) trong phn bi tp mu.
Chng 3: Ci t phn mm S7-300 v chn ch lm vic

3.1. Gii thiu chung:
Mun xy dng mt chng trnh iu khin s dng phn mm Step7 cn thc
hin cc th tc nh sau:
- Khai bo cu hnh cng cho mt trm PLC thuc h Simatic S7-300/400.
- Xy dng cu hnh mng gm nhiu trm PLC S7-300/400 cng nh th tc
truyn thng gia chng.
- Son tho v ci t chng trnh iu khin cho 1 hoc nhiu trm.
- Gim st vic thc hin chng trnh iu khin trong mt trm PLC v g
ri chng trnh.
Ngoi ra Step 7 cn c c mt th vin y vi cc hm chun hu ch, phn
tr gip Online rt mnh c kh nng tr li mi cu hi ca ngi s dng v
cch s dng Step 7, v c php lnh trong lp trnh, v xy dng cu hnh cng
ca mt trm cng nh ca mt mng gm nhiu trm PLC.
3.2. Ci t Step7:
3.2.1.Tng qut v Step 7
Ti vit nam hin c rt nhiu phin bn ca b phn mm gc ca Step7.
ang c s dng nhiu nht l phin bn (version) 4.2, 5.0 v 5.1. Trong khi
phin bn 4.2 kh ph hp cho nhng PC c cu hnh trung bnh (CPU 80586,
90MB cn trng trong cng, mn hnh VGA) nhng li i hi tuyt i c
bn quyn. Trong khi phin bn 5.0 v 5.1 mc d i hi my tnh c cu hnh
mnh nhng li khng i hi bn quyn mt cch tuyt i, ngha l phin bn
ny vn lm vic mt mc hn ch khi khng c bn quyn. Phn ln cc a
gc ca Step7 u c kh nng t ci t chng trnh (autorun). Bi vy ch cn
cho a vo CD v thc hin theo ng ch dn hin trn mn hnh. Ta c th
ch ng thc hin vic ci t bng cch gi chng trnh Setup.exe c trn
a. Cng vic ci t, v c bn khng khc nhiu so vi vic ci t cc phn
mm ng dng khc, tc l cng bt u bng vic chn ngn ng ci t ( mc
nh l ting Anh), chn th mc t trn cng (mc nh l C:\simens), kim
tra dung tch cn li trn cng, chn ngn ng s c s dng trong qu trnh
lm vic vi Step7 sau ny.
32
Mt s vn cn gii thch r thm khi ci t phn mm Step7:(cun ti

liu ny hng dn cc bn ci t bng ngn ng ting Anh) nhng v c bn
ci t bng ting c cng khng c nhiu iu khc bit.
3.2.2 Khai bo m hiu sn phm: m hiu sn phm lun i km vi sn
phm v c in ngay trn a cha b ci Step7. Khi trn mn hnh xut hin
ca s yu cu cho bit m hiu sn phm, ta phi in y vo tt c cc th
mc ca ca s , k c a ch ngi s dng sau n continue tip tc.
Hnh 3-1: Khai bo m hiu ca sn phm

3.2.3.Chuyn bn quyn: Bn quyn Step7 nm trn mt a mm ring
(thng c mu vng hoc mu ). Trong qu trnh ci t, trn mn hnh s
xut hin yu cu chuyn bn quyn sang ch (mc nh l c:\ ) c dng nh
sau:
Ta c th chuyn bn quyn sang a C:\ ngay trong khi ci t Step7 bng
cch cho a bn quyn vo a A: ri n phm Authorize. Ta cng c th b
qua v s chuyn bn quyn sau vo lc khc bng cch n phm Skip. Trong
trng hp b qua th sau ny, lc chuyn bn quyn, ta phi s dng chng
trnh truyn bn quyn c tn l AuthorsW.EXE cng c trn a bn quyn
(Ver.4.2) hoc c cng trong a CD vi phn mm gc Step7 (ver5.1).
Hnh 3-2: Chuyn bn quyn

Ch a mm cha bn quyn (Author disk) c bo v cm sao chp.
Cho d bn quyn c chuyn t a mm sang cng v trn a mm
khng cn bn quyn, nhng n vn l mt a c bit c ch cha bn quyn.
Bn quyn khi sao chp sang a cng s nm trong th mc Ax nf zz. Nu th
mc ny b hng, ta s mt bn quyn. Bi vy mi khi mun ci t li h
thng hay dn dp li a cng th trc ta phi thc hin rt bn quyn
khi a C: v chuyn ngc v a mm Author cng bng chng trnh
AuthorsW.EXE.
3.2.4.Khai bo thit b t EPROM: Chng trnh step7 c kh nng t
chng trnh ng dng ln th EPROM cho PLC. Nu my tnh PC ca ta c
thit b t EPROM th cn phi thng bo cho Step7 bit khi trn mn hnh
xut hin ca s:
34
Khng c thit b t
EPROM
C thit b t EPROM
ca PG
Thit b t EPROM
bn ngoi
Hnh 3-3: Khai bo thit b t EPROM

3.2.5. Chn giao din cho PLC:
Chng trnh Step7 c ci t trn PC (my tnh c nhn) hoc PG (lp
trnh bng tay) h tr vic son tho cu hnh cng cng nh chng trnh
cho PLC, tc l sau ton b nhng g son tho s c dch sang PLC.
Khng nhng th, Step7 cn c kh nng quan st vic thc hin chng trnh
ca PLC. Mun nh vy ta cn phi c b giao din ghp ni gia PC vi PLC
truyn thng tin, d liu.
Step7 c th ghp ni vi PLC bng nhiu b phng thc ghp ni khc
nhau nh qua Card MPI, qua b chyn i PC/PPI, qua th PROFIBUS (CP)
nhng chng phi c khai bo s dng.
Ngay sau khi Step7 c ci t xong, trn mn hnh xut hin ca s thng
bo cho ta chn cc b giao din s c s dng. Ca s ny c dng sau
(hnhv 3-4):
Mun chn b giao din no, ta nh du b giao din pha tri ri n
phm Install.... Nhng b giao din c chn s c ghi vo bn phi.
Sau khi chn xong cc b giao din s dng, ta cn phi t tham s lm vic
cho nhng b giao din bao gm tc truyn , cng ghp ni vi my tnh.
Chng hn khi chn b giao din MPI -ISA Card ta phi t tham s lm vic
cho n thng qua ca s mn hnh.
Hnh3-4: Khai bo dng kt ni PC vi CPU

3.3.t tham s lm vic:
Sau khi ci t xong Step7, trn mn hnh (Destop) s xut hin biu tng
icon ca n. ng thi trong Menu ca Window cng c th mc Simatic vi
tt c cc tn ca nhng thnh phn lin quan, t cc phn mm tr gip n cc
phn mm ci t cu hnh, ch lm vic ca Step7.
Khi va c ci t, step7 c cu hnh mc nh v ch lm vic ca
Simatic, chng hn c php cc lnh li c vit theo ting c v d nh
AND th vit thnh UND, mun chuyn thnh dng thng dng quc t ta phi
ci t li cu hnh cho Step7.
Tt nhin, bn cnh vic chn ngn ng cho c php lnh ta cn c th sa
i nhiu chc nng khc ca Step 7 nh ni s cha chng trnh trn a cng,
nhng thanh ghi s c hin th ni dung khi g ri chng trnh, song cc vic
khng nh hng quyt nh ti vic s dng Step7 theo thi quen ca ta nh
ngn ng c php lnh.
3.4.Son tho mt Project.
Khi nim Project khng n thun ch l chng trnh ng dng m rng
hn bao gm tt c nhng g lin quan n vic thit k phn mm ng dng
iu khin, gim st mt hay nhiu trm PLC. Theo khi nim nh vy, trong
mt Project s c:
1. Bng cu hnh cng v tt c cc module ca tng trm PLC.
36
2.
3.
4.
5.
Bng tham s xc nh ch lm vic cho tng module ca mi trm PLC.

Cc Logic block cha chng trnh ng dng ca tng trm PLC.
Cu hnh ghp ni v truyn thng gia cac trm PLC.
Cc ca s giao din phc v vic gim st ton b mng hoc gim st tng
trm PLC ca mng.
y, trong khun kh phn mm Step7 ti ch gii thiu vic son tho mt

Project gm cc phn 1,2,3. Nhng phn cn li bn c c th tham kho trong
cun ti liu khc ca cng tc gi.
3.4.1.Khai bo v m mt Project mi.
khai bo mt Project, t mn hnh chnh ca Step 7 ta chn File-> New
hoc kch chut ti biu tng "New Project/ Library".
Khai bo mt
Project mi
M mt
Project c
Hnh 3-5: M mt Project mi

Khi trn mn hnh s xut hin hp hi thoi nh hnh 3-6. G tn Project
ri n phm OK v nh vy ta khai bo song mt Project mi. Ngoi ra ta cn
c th chn ni Project s c ct ln a. Mc nh, ni ct s l th mc
c quy nh khi ci t Step 7, y l th mc F:\S7_ projects.
Ni vit tn mt Project mi
Ni Project mi s c ct
trn a
Hnh 3-6: t tn cho mt Project mi

Trong trng hp mun m mt Project c, ta chn File -> Open hoc
kch chut ti biu tng "Open Project/ Library" t ca s chnh ca Step7 ri
chn tn Project mun m t hp hi thoi c dng nh hnh 3-7. Cui cng n
phm OK kt thc.
Tn ca mt
Project c
sn
Hnh 3-7: M mt Project c.

38
3.4.2. Xy dng cu hnh cng cho trm PLC.

Sau khi khai bo xong mt Project mi, trn mn hnh s xut hin Project
nhng dng rng (cha c g trong project), iu ny ta nhn bit c qua
biu tng th mc bn cnh tn Project ging nh mt th mc rng ca
Window.
Biu tng mt
th mc rng
Hnh 3-8: Biu tng mt Project mi.

Cng vic tip theo ta c th lm l xy dng cu hnh cng cho mt trm
PLC. iu ny khng bt buc, ta c th khng cn khai bo cu hnh cng cho
trm m i ngay vo phn chng trnh ng dng. Song kinh nghim cho thy
cng vic ny nn lm v khi c cu hnh trong project, lc bt ngun PLC, h
iu hnh ca S7-300 bao gi cng i kim tra cc module hin c trong trm,
so snh vi cu hnh m ta xy dng v nu pht hin thy s khng ng nht
s pht ngay tn hiu bo ngt li hoc thiu module ch khng cn phi i ti
khi thc hin chng trnh ng dng.
Trc ht ta khai bo cu hnh cng cho mt trm PLC vi simatic S7-300
bng cch vo: Insert -> Station ->Simatic 300- Station:
Khai bo
mt trm
PLC S7300
Hnh 3-9: Khai bo cu hnh cng cho trm PLC

Trong trng hp khng mun khai bo cu hnh cng m i ngay vo
chng trnh ng dng ta c th chn thng. ng tc ny s hu ch cho nhng
trng hp mt trm PLC c nhiu phin bn ng dng khc nhau.
Sau khi khai bo mt trm (chn mt Station), th mc Project chuyn
sang dng khng rng vi th mc con trong n tn mc nh l Simatic300(1)
cha tp thng tin v cu hnh cng ca trm.
Tp cha
thng tin
v cu
hnh cng
ca trm
Hnh 3-10:Mn hnh khai bo cu hnh cng cho tm PLC
40
vo mn hnh khai bo cu hnh cng, ta nhy chut ti biu tng

Hardware. Trong hp thoi hin ra ta khai bo thanh Ray (Rack) v cc module
c trn thanh Ray .
V d:
Bng
danh mc
cc
modul
la chn
Hnh 3-11: Th vin ly cc Modul

Step7 gip vic khai bo cu hnh cng c n gin nh bng danh mc
cc module ca n. Mun a module no vo bng cu hnh ta ch cn nh
du v tr ni module s c a vo ri nhy kp chut tri ti tn ca module
trong bng danh mc cac module km theo.
3.4.3. t tham s quy nh ch lm vic cho module.
Vi bng cu hnh cng phn mm Step7 cng xc nh lun cho ta a ch
tng module.
Chng hn Step7 c h tr vic tch cc ngt theo thi im cho module CPU
module ny pht mt tn hiu ngt gi khi OB10 mt ln vo ng ngy
16/02/2003 lc 10 gi 30. lm c iu ny ta nhy p chut ti tn ca
module CPU v tr 2 ri chn Time-Of-Day Interrupt, trn mn hnh s xut
hin hp hi thoi nh hnh 3-12. in thi im, tn sut pht tn hiu ngt ri
nh du tch cc ch ngt vo cc tng ng trong hp hi thoi. Cui
cng n phm OK.
Thi im
pht tn
hiu ngt
tn hiu ngt
c pht
mt ln
Tch cc
tn hiu
ngt
Hnh 3-12: t tham s cho Modul CPU

Cng trong hp hi thoi ta thy module CPU314 ch cho php s dng
OB10 trong s cc module OB10 - OB17 vi mc u tin l cha chng
trnh x l tn hiu ngt theo thi im.
Cc ch lm vic khc ca module CPU cng c quy nh nh Step7.
V d sa i thi gian vng qut cc i cho php t gi tr mc nh 150ms
thnh 100 ms, ta chn Cycle/Clock memory trong hp hi thoi ri sa ni dung
Scan time thnh 100.
Hon ton tng t ta cng c th s dng Step7 quy nh ch lm
vic cho cc module m rng khc, nh xc nh ch lm vic vi dng tn
hiu in p, vi di 5V cho module AI:
42
Hnh 3-13: t ch cho Modul Analog

3.4.4. Son tho chng trnh cho cc khi logic.
Sau khi khai bo cu hnh cng cho mt trm PLC v quay tr v ca s
chnh ca Step7 ta thy trong th mc Simatic 300(1) by gi c thm cc th
mc con v tt nhin ta c th i tn cc th mc .
Tt c cc khi Logic (OB, FC, FB, DB) cha chng trnh ng dng s nm
trong th mc Block. Mc nh trong th mc ny c sn khi OB1.
1.Son tho chng trnh cho khi OB1:
Ta nhy chut ti biu tng OB1 bn na ca s bn phi. Trn mn hnh s
xut hin ca s ca ch son tho chng trnh nh hnh 3-14.
Chc nng chng trnh son tho ca Step7 v c bn cng ging nh cc
chng trnh son tho khc, tc l cng c cc phm nng g nhanh, c ch
ct v dn, c ch kim tra li c php lnh.
Phn Local
block ca
khi OB1
Phn ch
thch ca
chng
trnh
Phn son
tho
chng
trnh
Hnh 3-14: Son tho chng trnh trong OB1

khai bo va son tho chng trnh cho cc khi OB khc hoc cho cc
khi FC, FB hoc DB, ta c th to mt khi mi ngay trc tip t chng trnh
son tho bng cch kch chut phi vo phn trng nh hnh v sau:
Hnh 3-15: M mt khi logic khc.
44
Hoc cng c th chn thm khi mi trc t ca s chnh ca Step7

bng phm Insert -> S7 Block ri sau mi vo son tho chng trnh cho
khi mi c chn thm nh d lm vi OB1.
Trong mn hnh son tho chng trnh cho cc khi Logic, ta c th thay
i khng ring phn chng trnh m c phn local block ca khi bao gm
tn hnh thc, kiu d liu, gi tr ban u, Ch rng khng c thay i 20
bytes u trong local block ca cc khi OB.
Cc bc son tho mt khi logic cho chng trnh ng dng c tm tt
nh sau:
To khi logic hoc t ca s mn hnh chnh ca Step7 bng cch chn
Einfuegen (Insert) trn thanh cng c ri vo S7 Block d chn loi khi
logic mong mun ( OB, FB, FC ) hoc vo chng trnh son tho ri t
kch biu tng New.
Thit k local block cho khi logic va to.
Vi tt c cc khi hon thnh cng vic thit k Local Block ta cn phi ch
vic khai bo theo bng sau:
Loi bin
IN
OUT
IN_OUT
STAT
ngha
Nhn cc tn hiu t u vo
Xut cc tn hiu ra
Nhn v gi cc tn hiu
Ni dung ca bin hnh thc,
c kh nng lu gi li khi kt
thc chng trnh trong FB
chc nng
c
xut
c, xut
c, xut
TEMP
Bin tm thi, ni dung s b c , xut

mt i khi kt thc chng
trnh trong FB, FC hoc OB
Khi thc hin

FB, FC
FB, FC
FB, FC
FB
FB, FC, OB
Son tho chng trnh: chng trnh c th c son tho theo rt nhiu
ngn ng khc nhau v d: FBD, LAD, STL.... xem trong mc 2.2.
2.Son tho mt chng trnh trong khi logic FC1:

Ta thc hin cc bc nh sau:
a/ To khi:
Hnh 3-16: To mt khi logic mi

Sau khi chn th mc nh hnh v trn trn mn hnh s hin ra mt ca s
sau:
Hnh 3-17: t tn v chn ch lm vic cho khi logic mi.
46
Trong hp hi thoi cho php ta chn tn ca FC v d FC2. Trong thc t

Step7 lun mc nh th t ca cc FC v ta ch cn OK nu ta chp nhn tn
nh mc nh, ngoi ra ta cn c th chn ch vit chng trnh trong khi
hm FC2 di dng FBD, LAD hay STL. Cui cng ta nhn nt OK. Trn mn
hnh s xut hin ca s chnh ca Step7 nh sau:
Nhy p
phm tri
ca chut
vo
chng
trnh son
tho trong
FC2
Hnh 3-18: Gi mn hnh son tho.

son tho chng trnh trong FC2 ta ch cn nhy p chut tri vo biu
tng ca FC2 v lp tc s hin ra ca s son tho chng trnh cho FC2:
Hnh 3-19: Mn hnh son tho ca khi Logic FC2.
b/ Xy dng Local block:

Trong ca s mn hnh son tho ta xy dng local block cho khi FC2 nh
sau:
Hnh 3-20: Nhp d liu vo khi Lokal block ca khi FC

c/ Son tho chng trnh:
Ton b chng trnh c th vit trong khi logic FC2 nh sau:
Hnh 3-21: Son tho chng trnh trong khi logic FC1.
48
3.Son tho chng trnh cho khi FB.

a/To khi FB: Ta c th to khi FB bng cch t ca s mn hnh chnh ca
Step7 ta dng chut phi v chn cc i tng nh hnh sau:
Hnh 3-22: To khi FB

Sau khi chn th mc Funktionsblock trn mn hnh xut hin mt ca s:
Trong ca s ta cn phi t tn cho khi FB m ta mi chn v d FB1
(thng thng S7 t gn cho mt tn theo th t m ngi lp trnh chn khi
nu ng ta ch cn nhn nt OK). Ngoi ra ta cn c th t tn cho khi
FB; v d: test_1, chn cch vit chng trnh AWL, KOP, FUP hay S7GRAPH,..... Sau khi in cc thng tin vo ca s mn hnh ta nhn nt
OK.
Mun son tho chng trnh trong khi FB ta ch cn nhn p chut tri
vo biu tng FB trn mn hnh chnh. Sau khi thc hin xong bc ny ta s
c ca s son tho chng trnh cho khi FB1 v cng vic tip theo cng c
thc hin ging nh ta thc hin i vi khi FC trn , l cc bc nh
xy dng Local block, son tho chng trnh.
Hnh 3-23: Chn ngn ng vit chng trnhtrong khi FB1

b/Th tc gi khi FB:
V khi FB bao gi cng lm vic vi khi d liu DB dng lu gi ni
dung cc bin kiu STAT ca Local block. V vy thc hin vic gi khi FB
ta phi t tn cho khi d liu DB tng ng. Lnh gi khi hm FB nh sau:
Hnh 3-24:Gi khi FB1

50
Tu theo nhu cu s dng m ta s dng mt , hai hay nhiu khi DB ta phi

t tn cho khi DB m ta va chn v d DB1, DB2,...
Sau khi chn xong bc trn ta c th son tho chng trnh cho khi
DB1 v DB2 nh sau:
Hnh 3-25:Mn hnh son tho trong khi FBs.

3.4.5.S dng bin hnh thc:
Step7 cung cp mt kh nng s dng tn hnh thc trong lp trnh thay v
cc k hiu a ch , ch s khi FB, FC,...kh nh. Cc tn hnh thc c thay
bi mt a ch hay mt tn khi tu theo ngi lp trnh t t. lm c
iu ny, ngi lp trnh cn phi khai bo trc trong mt bng c tn l
Symbols.
Kch chut vo th mc m ca Block, y l th mc vi tn mc nh l
S7 Program(1), sau nhy phm chut tri ti biu tng Symbole nh hnh v
ta s c mn hnh son tho bng cc tn hnh thc sau:
Hnh3-26: S dng bin hnh thc.
Hnh 3-27: Ghi cc k hiu bin hnh thc vo bng Symbol.

Sau khi in y tn hnh thc, a ch nh m n thay th ( hu ht kiu
d liu u c S7 t xc nh cn c vo a ch nh) v ct vo Project, ta
s quay tr li mn hnh chnh ca S7. M mt khi chng trnh, v d OB1 v
chn biu tng dng bin hnh thc ta s chuyn sang dng son tho vi
nhng bin hnh thc nh t sn trong bng Symbole.
52
v d :
Hnh 3-28: Mn hnh son tho vi cc tn bin hnh thc.

Mun quay tr v s dng li cc k hiu a ch tuyt i ta nhn li nt
chn ban u l biu tng ny
nm trn thanh cng c .
3.5.Np chng trnh v gim st vic thc hin chng trnh.
3.5.1. Np chng trnh son tho t PC xung CPU:
Chng trnh sau khi son tho cn c truyn xung CPU. lm c
trn thanh cng c v tr
iu ny, ta nhn chut tri vo biu tng ny
li y cc cu hi. Ch khi np chng trnh cn phi t CPU trng thi
Stop hoc t CPU trng thi RUN-P.
3.5.2.Xo chng trnh c trong CPU:
thc hin vic np chng trnh mi t PC xung CPU ta cn thc hin
cng vic xo chng trnh c sn trong CPU. iu ny ta thc hin cc
bc nh sau:
- a trng thi ca CPU v STOP : T mn hnh chnh ca Step7 ta chn
lnh:
Hnh 3-29
3.5.3.Quan st vic thc hin chng trnh:
Sau khi np chng trnh son tho xung CPU lc ny chng trnh
c ghi vo b nh ca CPU. Khi ta c th tch ri PC v CPU ca S7 m
chng trnh vn hot ng bnh thng. thc hin vic quan st qu trnh
hot ng ca chng trnh v CPU ta s dng chc nng gim st chng trnh
trn thanh cng c. Sau khi chn chc
bng cch nhn vo biu tng ny
nng gim st chng trnh ny th trn mn hnh s xut hin mt ca s sau:
Tu theo kiu vit chng trnh m ta nhn c s khc nhau v kiu hin
th trn mn hnh (Di y s dng kiu vit chng trnh FBD).
54
Hnh 3-30: Quan st qu trnh hot ng.

Ngoi ra ta cn c th quan st c ni dung ca nh. Nhng nh mun
quan st cn phi khai bo trong bng Variable.
Hnh 3-31: Quan st ni dung ca nh.

Sau khi khai bo tt c cc bin cn quan st ta kch vo phm quan st trn
mn hnh xut hin ca s nh hnh trn. Tu theo yu cu m ta kch vo phm
quan st tng ng trn mn hnh s hin th ni dung ca nh ti thi im
hin ti hay lin tc quan st theo tng thi im.
Chng 4. Cc hm c bn:
4.1.Nhm hm Logic tip im:
1/ Hm AND : Ton hng l kiu d liu BOOL hay a ch bit I,Q, M, T,
C, D, L
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-1: Cch khai bo hm AND

Tn hiu ra Q4.0 s bng 1 khi ng thi tn hiu I0.0=1 v I0.1=1.
D liu vo v ra :
Vo: I0.0, I0.1: BOOL
Ra : Q4.0
: BOOL
2/ Hm OR : Ton hng l kiu d liu BOOL hay a ch bit I,Q, M, T,
C, D, L.
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-2: Khai bo hm OR

Tn hiu ra s bng 1 khi t nht c mt tn hiu vo bng 1.
D liu vo v ra:
Vo : I0.0, I0.1: BOOL
Ra : Q4.0:
BOOL
56
3/ Hm NOT:
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-3: Khai bo hm thc hin chc nng ph nh.

Tn hiu ra s l nghich o ca tn hiu vo.
D liu vo v ra:
Vo : I0.0 :
BOOL
Ra : Q4.0 :
BOOL
4/ Hm XOR: Ton hng l kiu d liu BOOL hay a ch bit I, Q, M, T,
C, D, L.
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-4: Khi thc hin chc nng XOR.

Tn hiu ra Q4.0= 1 khi I0.0 khc I0.2
D liu vo v ra:
Vo: I0.0, I0.1 :
BOOL
Ra : Q4.0
:
BOOL
5/ Lnh xo RESET: Ton hng l a ch bit I, Q, M, T, C, D, L.

FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-5: Khi thc hin chc nng RESET

Tn hiu ra Q4.0 = 0 (Q4.0 s c xo ) khi I0.0 =1 .
D liu vo v ra:
Vo: I0.0 :
BOOL
Ra : Q4.0 :
BOOL
6/ Lnh SET: Ton hng l a ch bit I, Q, M, T, C, D, L.
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-6: Khi thc hin chc nng SET.

Tn hiu ra Q4.0 = 1 (Q4.0 s c thit lp ) khi I0.0 =1.
D liu vo v ra:
Vo I0.0 :
BOOL
Ra Q4.0 :
BOOL
58
7/B nh RS: Ton hng l a ch bit I, Q, M, D, L.

FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-7: Khi thc hin chc nng RS.

Khi I0.0 = 1 v I0.1 =0 Merker M0.0 b Reset v u ra Q4.0 l "0". Nu
I0.0 = 0 v I0.1 = 1 th Set cho M0.0 v u ra Q4.0 l "1".
Khi c hai u vo Set va Reset cng ng thi =1 th M0.0 v Q4.0 c gi
tr l "1".
D liu vo v ra:
Vo I0.0, I0.1 : BOOL
Ra Q4.0
: BOOL
8/ B nh SR: Ton hng l a ch bit I, Q, M, D, L
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-8: Khi thc hin chc nng SR

Khi I0.0 = 1 v I0.1 =0 th Set cho Merker M0.0 v u ra Q4.0 l "1". Nu
I0.0 = 0 v I0.0 = 1 th M0.0 b Reset v u ra Q4.0 l "0".
Khi c hai u vo Set va Reset cng ng thi =1 th M0.0 v Q4.0 c gi
tr l "0".
D liu vo v ra:
Vo I0.0, I0.1 : BOOL
Ra
Q4.0
: BOOL
Ch : Trong k thut s trng thi ca trig RS s b cm khi R=1 v S=1. Nn
y c hai loi b nh RS v SR l loi Trig u tin R hay u tin S
4.2. Nhm hm so snh:

4.2.1.Nhm hm so snh s nguyn 16 bit:
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-9: Khi thc hin chc nng so snh bng nhau
C cc dng so snh hai s nguyn 16 bits nh sau :
Hm so snh bng nhau gia hai s nguyn 16 bits: ==
Hm so snh khc nhau gia hai s nguyn 16 bits: <>
Hm so snh ln hn gia hai s nguyn 16 bits: >
Hm so snh nh hn gia hai s nguyn 16 bits: <
Hm so snh ln hn hoc bng nhau gia hai s nguyn 16 bits: >=
Hm so snh nh hn hoc bng nhau gia hai s nguyn 16 bits: <=
Trong v d trn u ra Q4.0 s l "1" khi MW0 = MW1.
4.2.2. Nhm hm so snh hai s nguyn 32 bits:
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-10: Khi thc hin chc nng so snh

Trong v d trn u ra Q4.0 s l "1" khi MD0 = MD4.
60
Hm so snh bng nhau gia hai s nguyn 32 bits: ==

Hm so snh khc nhau gia hai s nguyn 32 bits: <>
Hm so snh ln hn gia hai s nguyn 32 bits: >
Hm so snh nh hn gia hai s nguyn 32 bits: <
Hm so snh ln hn hoc bng nhau gia hai s nguyn 32 bits: >=
Hm so snh nh hn hoc bng nhau gia hai s nguyn 32 bits: <=
4.2.3.Nhm hm so snh cc s thc 32 bits
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-11: Khi thc hin chc nng so snh hai s thc.
Trong v d trn u ra Q4.0 s l "1" khi MD0 < MD1 .
Cc dng so snh hai s thc 32 bits nh sau :
Hm so snh bng nhau gia hai s thc 32 bits: ==
Hm so snh khc nhau gia hai s thc 32 bits: <>
Hm so snh ln hn gia hai s thc 32 bits: >
Hm so snh nh hn gia hai s thc 32 bits: <
Hm so snh ln hn hoc bng nhau gia hai s thc 32 bits: >=
Hm so snh nh hn hoc bng nhau gia hai s thc 32bits: <=
4.3.Cc hm ton hc:

4.3.1. Nhm hm lm vic vi s nguyn 16 bits:
1/ Cng hai s nguyn 16 bits:
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 3-12: Khi thc hin chc nng cng hai s nguyn 16 bits.
D liu vo v ra:
EN:
IN2:
BOOL
INT
IN1: INT
OUT: INT
ENO: BOOL
Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin cng hai s

nguyn 16 bits MW0 vi MW2. Kt qu c ct vo MW10.
Trong trng hp tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc
hin chc nng.
2/ Tr hai s nguyn 16 bits:
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-13: Khi thc hin chc nng tr hai s nguyn 16 bits
D liu vo v ra:
62
EN :
IN2:
BOOL
INT
IN1: INT
OUT: INT
ENO: BOOL
Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin tr hai s

hin chc nng.
3/ Nhn hai s nguyn 16 bits:
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-14: Khi thc hin chc nng nhn hai s 16 bits.
D liu vo v ra:
EN:
IN2:
BOOL
INT
IN1: INT
OUT: IN
ENO: BOOL
Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin nhn hai s

hin chc nng.
4/ Chia hai s nguyn 16 bits:

FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-15: Khi thc hin chc nng chia hai s nguyn 16 bits
Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin chia hai s
hin chc nng.
4.3.2.Nhm hm lm vic vi s nguyn 32 bits:
1/ Cng hai s nguyn 32 bits:
D liu vo v ra:
EN:
BOOL
IN2: DINT
IN1: DINT
OUT: DINT
FBD
ENO: BOOL
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-16: Khi thc hin chc nng cng hai s nguyn 32 bits
nguyn 32 bits MD0 vi MD4. Kt qu c ct vo MD10.
hin chc nng.
2/ Tr hai s nguyn 32 bits:
64
Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin tr hai s

hin chc nng.
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-17: Khi thc hin chc nng tr hai s nguyn 32 bits
D liu vo v ra:
EN:
IN2:
BOOL
DIN
IN1: DINT
OUT: DINT
ENO: BOOL
3/ Nhn hai s nguyn 32 bits:

hin chc nng.
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-18: Khi thc hin chc nng nhn hai s nguyn 32 bit
D liu vo v ra:
EN:
IN2:
BOOL
DINT
IN1: DINT
OUT: DINT
ENO: BOOL
4/ Chia hai s nguyn 32 bits :

hin chc nng.
D liu vo v ra:
EN:
IN2:
BOOL
DINT
IN1: DINT
OUT: DINT
FBD
ENO: BOOL
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-19: Khi thc hin chc nng chia hai s nguyn 32 bits
4.3.3.Nhm hm lm vic vi s thc:
1/ Cng hai s thc:
thc MD0 + MD4. Kt qu c ct vo MD10.
hin chc nng.
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-20: Khi thc hin chc nng cng hai s thc
D liu vo v ra:
EN:
IN2:
66
BOOL
REAL
IN1: REAL
OUT: REAL
ENO: BOOL
2/ Hm tr hai s thc:
Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin tr hai s thc
MD0 - MD4. Kt qu c ct vo MD10.
hin chc nng.
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-21: Khi thc hin chc nng tr hai s thc.

D liu vo v ra:
EN:
IN2:
BOOL
REAL
IN1: REAL
OUT: REAL
ENO: BOOL
3/ Nhn hai s thc:

thc MD0 . MD4. Kt qu c ct vo MD10.
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-22: Khi thc hin chc nng nhn hai s thc.
hin chc nng.
D liu vo v ra:
EN:
IN2:
BOOL
REAL
IN1: REAL
OUT: REAL
ENO: BOOL
4/ Chia hai s thc:

thc MD0 : MD4. Kt qu c ct vo MD10.
hin chc nng.
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-23: Khi thc hin chc nng nhn hai s thc
D liu vo v ra:
EN:
BOOL
IN2: REAL
ENO: BOOL
IN1: REAL
OUT: REAL
5/ Hm ly gi tr tuyt i : ABS
68
Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin chc nng ly

ga tr tuyt i ca MD8 ri ct vo MD12
Khi tn hiu vao I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc
nng.
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-24: Khi thc hin chc nng ly gi tr thuyt i.

D liu vo v ra:
EN: BOOL
OUT: REAL
IN:
REAL
ENO: BOOL
V d: MD8= -6,234 x 10-3 thi sau khi thc hin chc nng ABS gi tr MD12 =
6,234 x 10-3.
6/ Hm SIN, COS, TAN, ASIN, ACOS, ATAN:
Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin chc nng tinh
SIN, COS, TAN, ASIN, ACOS, ATAN ca MD0 ri ct vo MD10.
Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc nng.
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-25: Khi thc hin chc nng tnh hm Sin.

D liu vo v ra:
EN: BOOL
OUT: REAL
IN: REAL
ENO: BOOL
4.4.Nhm hm i kiu d liu :

Trong ngn ng lp trnh ca S7-300 c mt s kiu d liu khc nhau nh:
- S nguyn 16 bits (Interger)
- S nguyn 32 bits (DI)
- S nguyn dng BCD.
- S thc REAL
- v mt s dng d liu khc .
Khi lm vic vi nhiu dng d liu khc nhau cho ta vn cn phi chuyn
i chng. V d khi c tn hiu t cng vo tng t ta nhn c s liu dng
nguyn 16 bits mang gi tr tn hiu tng t ch khng phi bn thn gi tr ,
bi vy x l tp th cn thit phi chuyn i s nguyn thnh ng gi
tr thc, du phy ng ca tn hiu tng t cng. Ta c mt s hm chuyn
i cc dng d liu nh sau:
4.4.1.Hm chuyn s BCD thnh s s nguyn 16 bits:
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-26: Chuyn i s BCD sang dng s nguyn 16 bits.

D liu vo v ra:
EN: BOOL
OUT: INT
IN: WORD
ENO: BOOL
Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm thc hin chc nng chuyn

s BCD (MW10) sang s nguyn ri ct vo MW12.
Khi tin hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm khng thc hin chc nng
chuyn i.
70
4.4.2. Hm chuyn i s nguyn 16 bits sang dng BCD.

FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-27: Chuyn i s nguyn sang s BCD.

D liu vo v ra:
EN: BOOL
OUT: BCD
IN:
INT
ENO: BOOL

s nguyn 16 bits (MW10) sang s BCD ri ct vo MW12.
Khi tin hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm khng thc hin chc nng
chuyn i.
4.4.3. Hm chuyn i s nguyn 16 bits sang s nguyn 32 bits:
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-28: Chuyn i s nguyn 16 bits sang s nhuyn 32 bits.

D liu vo v ra:
EN: BOOL
OUT: DINT
IN:
INT
ENO: BOOL

s nguyn 16 bits (MW10) sang s nguyn 32 bits ri ct vo MW12.
Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm khng thc hin chc nng
chuyn i.
4.4.4.Chuyn i s BCD sang s nguyn 32 bits:
s BCD (MW10) sang s nguyn 32 bits ri ct vo MW12.
Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm khng thc hin chc nng
chuyn i.
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-29: Chuyn s BCD sang s nguyn 32 bits

-Kiu d liu vo/ra:
EN: BOOL
OUT: DINT
IN: DWORD
ENO: BOOL.
4.4.5.Hm o gi tr cc bits .
1/Vi s nguyn c di 16 bits:
-Nguyn l hot ng: Hm s thc hin chc nng chuyn i gi tr cc bits
trong MW8 ri ct vo MW10 khi tn hiu I0.0 =1. ng thi gi tr Q4.0 = 1.
Khi I0.0 = 0, gi tr Q4.0 = 0
-Kiu d liu vo/ra:
EN: BOOL
OUT: INT
FBD
72
IN:
INT
ENO: BOOL
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-30: Hm thc hin chc nng o gi tr cc bits

-V d:
Trc khi thc hin
Sau khi thc hin
2/ Vi s nguyn c di 32 bits.
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-31: Hm thc hin chc nng o gi tr cc bits.

-Nguyn l hot ng: Hm s thc hin chc nng chuyn i gi tr cc bits
trong MD8 ri ct vo MD12 khi tn hiu I0.0 =1. ng thi gi tr Q4.0 = 1 .
Khi I0.0 = 0, gi tr Q4.0 = 0
-Kiu d liu vo/ra:
EN: BOOL
OUT: DINT
IN:
DINT
ENO: BOOL
- V d:
Trc khi thc hin: MD8 = F0FF FFF0
Sau khi thc hin : MD12 = 0F00 000F
4.4.6.Cc hm i du :
Hm s thc hin chc nng i du d liu vo . Cc hm i du nh i

du s thc di 16bits ( I ), 32 bits ( DI ) hay s nguyn ( R ).
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-32:
Dng d liu vo:
EN
IN
OUT
ENO
NEG_I
BOOL
INT
INT
BOOL
NEG_DI
BOOL
DI
DI
BOOL
NEG_R
BOOL
REAL
REAL
BOOL
V d: Trc khi thc hin MW8 = +10, sau khi thc hin MW10 = -10.
4.4.7.Cc hm thc hin chc nng lm trn (i kiu d liu):
74
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-33:
-Hm ROUND : (chuyn s thc thnh s nguyn gn nht) thc hin lm trn
nh sau: nu phn l < 0,5 th lm trn xung. Nu phn l > 0,5 th lm trn
ln.
V d: 1,2 -> 1 ; 1,6 -> 2.
-1,2 -> -1 ; -1,6 -> -2.
-Hm TRUNC: (ly phn nguyn ct b phn l) thc hin lm trn xung gi
tr trn nh
v d: d liu vo t 1,1 n 1,9 -> 1.
-Hm CEIL: thc hin lm trn ln.

v d: d liu vo t 1,1 n 1,9 -> 2.
-Hm FLOOR: thc hin lm trn xung.
v d: +1,7 -> 1 ; - 1,7 -> -2
4.5.B thi gian:

4.5.1 Nguyn l lm vic chung ca b Timer.
76
B thi gian Timer l b to thi gian tr T mong mun gia tn hiu logic
u vo X(t) v u ra Y(t)
U(t)
Y(t)
Hnh 4-34: S khi b thi

gian.
Timer
T-bit
PV
CV
S7-300 c 5 b thi gian Timer khc nhau. Tt c 5 loi Timer ny cng bt

u to thi gian tr tn hiu k t thi im c sn ln ca tn hiu u vo ,
tc l khi c tn hiu u vo U(t) chuyn trng thi t logic "0" ln logic"1",
c gi l thi im Timer c kch.
Thi gian tr T mong mun c khai bo vi Timer bng gi tr 16 bits bao
gm hai thnh phn :
- phn gii vi n v l mS. Timer ca S7 c 4 loi phn gii khc nhau l
10ms, 100ms, 1s v 10s.
- Mt s nguyn BCD trong khong t 0 n 999 c gi l PV ( Preset Valuegi tr t trc).
Nh vy thi gian tr T mong mun s c tnh nh sau :
T= phn gii x PV.
Ngay ti thi im kch Timer, gi tr PV c chuyn vo thanh ghi 16 bits
ca Timer T-Word ( gi l thanh ghi CV- Curren valuegi tr tc thi). Timer
s ghi nh khong thi gian tri qua k t khi kch bng cch gim dn mt
cch tng ng ni dung thanh ghi CV. Nu ni dung thanh ghi CV tr v bng
0 th Timer t c thi gian mong mun T v iu ny c bo ra ngoi
bng cch thay i trng thi tn hiu u ra Y(t). Vic thng bo ra ngoi bng
cch i trng thi tn hiu du ra Y(t) nh th no cn ph thuc vo loi Timer
c s dng.
Bn cnh sn ln ca tn hiu u vo U(t), Timer cn c th kch bng
sn ln ca tn hiu kch ch ng c tn l tn hiu ENABLE nu nh ti thi
im c sn ln ca tn hiu ENABLE, tn hiu u vo U(t) c gic l "1".
Tng loi Timer c nh s t 0 n 255 (tu thuc vo tng loi CPU).

Mt Timer c t tn l Tx, trong x l s hiu ca Timer ( 0<=x<=255).
K hiu Tx cng ng thi l tn hiu hnh thc ca thanh ghi CV (T-Word) v
u ra T-bits ca Timer . Tuy chng c cng a ch hnh thc , nhng TWord v T-bits vn c phn bit vi nhau nh kiu lnh s dng ton hng
Tx. Khi dng lm vic vi t Tx c hiu l T-Word cn khi lm vic vi im
thi Tx c hiu l T-bit.
xa tc thi trng thi ca T-word v T-bit ngi ta s dng mt tn hiu
reset Timer . Ti thi im sn ln ca tn hiu ny gi tr T-Word v T-bit
ng thi c gi tr bng 0 tc l thanh ghi tc thi CV c t v 0 v tn hiu
u ra cng c trng thi Logic l "0". Trong thi gian tn hiu Reset c gi tr
logic l "1" Timer s khng lm vic.
4.5.2. Khai bo s dng:
Cc tn hiu iu khin cho mt b Timer phi c khai bo bao gm cc
bc sau:
- Khai bo tn hiu ENABLE nu mun s dng tn hiu ch ng kch.
- Khai bo tn hiu u vo U(t).
- Khai bo thi gian tr mong mun TW.
- Khai bo loi Timer c s dng (SP, SE, SD, SS, SF).
- Khai bo tn hiu xo Timer nu mun s dng ch Reset ch ng.
Trong cc bc trn th bc 1 v 5 c th b qua .
- Dng d liu vo / ra ca b Timer:
S : BOOL
TW: S5TIME
R : BOOL
BI (DUAL): WORD
BCD (DEZ) : WORD
Q : BOOL
1. B thi gian SP:

-S khi:
78
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-35: B thi gian SP.

-Nguyn l lm vic:
Ti thi im sn ln ca tn hiu vo SET thi gian s c tnh ng thi
gi tr Logic u ra l "1". Khi thi gian t kt thc gi tr u ra cng tr v
0.
Tn hiu vo S
Tn hiu vo R
Thi gian t
u ra
u ra o
Hnh 4-36: Gin thi gian ca b to tr kiu SP.

Khi c tn hiu RESET (R) thi gian tnh lp tc tr v 0 v tn hiu u ra
cng gi tr l "0".
-Trng hp khng s dng cc tn hiu u vo SET(S), RESET ( R), BI v
BCD ta s dng khi Timer SI sau:
Tn hiu u vo I0.0 chnh l tn

hiu kch.
S5T#2s l thi gian t 2s
Tn hiu ra ca b thi gian tc
ng ti u ra Q4.0
Hnh 4-37: V d khai bo mt b thi gian SP

2. B thi gian SE.
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-38: Khi hm thi gian SE

-Nguyn l lm vic:
Ti thi im sn ln ca tn hiu vo SET cui cng b thi gian c thit
lp v thi gian s c tnh ng thi gi tr Logic u ra l "1". Kt thc thi
gian t tn hiu u ra s tr v 0.
tn hiu vo S
80
Tn hiu vo R
Thi gian t
u ra
u ra o
Hnh 4-39: Gin thi gian khi SE

cng gi tr l "0".
3. B thi gian SD.
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-40: S khi hm SD.

-Nguyn l lm vic:
Ti thi im sn ln ca tn hiu vo SET b thi gian c thit lp v
thi gian s c tnh. Kt thc thi gian t tn hiu u ra s c gi tr l "1".
Khi tn hiu u vo kch S l "0" u ra cng lp tc tr v "0" ngha l tn hiu
u ra s khng c duy tr hi tn hiu kch c gi tr l "0".
tn hiu vo S
Tn hiu vo R
Thi gian t
u ra
u ra o
Hnh 4-41: Gin thi gian SD.

Khi c tn hiu RESET (R) thi gian tnh lp tc tr v "0" v tn hiu u ra
cng gi tr l "0".
BCD ta s dng khi Timer SE sau:
hiu kch.

ng ti u ra Q4.0.
Hnh 4-42: v d s dng khi hm SD.
4. B thi gian SS:

FBD
82
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-43: Khai bo b thi gian SS .
Tn hiu vo S
Tn hiu vo R
Thi gian t
u ra
u ra o
Hnh 4-44: Gin thi gian hm SS.

-Nguyn l lm vic:
Ti thi im sn ln ca tn hiu vo SET b thi gian c thit lp v
thi gian s c tnh. Kt thc thi gian t tn hiu u ra s c gi tr 1 gi tr
ny vn duy tr ngay c khi tn hiu u vo kch S c gi tr l 0. Khi c tn hiu
RESET (R) thi gian tnh lp tc tr v 0 v tn hiu u ra cng gi tr l "0".
-Trng hp khng s dng cc tn hiu u vo SET(S), RESET (R), BI v
BCD ta s dng khi Timer SS sau:

hiu kch.

ng ti u ra Q4.0
Hnh 4-45: V d s dng khi hm SS
5. B thi gian SA:

FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-46: S khi.

-Nguyn l lm vic:
Ti thi im sn ln ca tn hiu vo SET b thi gian c thit lp. Tn
hiu u ra c gi tr l 1. Nhng thi gian s c tnh thi im sn xung
cui cng ca tn hiu u vao SET(S). Kt thc thi gian t tn hiu u ra s
tr v 0.
Tn hiu vo S
Tn hiu vo R
84
Thi gian t
u ra
u ra o
Hnh 4-47: Gin thi gian.

cng gi tr l "0".
BCD ta s dng khi Timer SF sau:
Tn hiu I0.0 l tn hiu kch

Thi gian t S5T#2s l 2s
Hm thi gian s tc ng ti u ra Q4.0
Hnh 4-48: S dng hm SF.
4.6 B m COUNTER:
4.6.1.Nguyn l lm vic:
Counter thc hin chc nng m ti cc sn ln ca cc xung u vo. S7300 c ti a l 256 b m ph thuc vo tng loi CPU, k hiu bi Cx. Trong
x l s nguyn trong khong t 0 n 255. Trong S7-300 c 3 loi b m
thng s dng nht l : B m tin li (CUD), b m tin (CU)v b m
li (CD).
Mt b m tng qut c th c m t nh sau:
trong :
CU : BOOL l tn hiu m tin
CD : BOOL l tn hiu m li
S : BOOL l tn hiu t
PV : WORD l gi tr t trc
R : BOOL l tn hiu xo
CV : WORD L gi tr m h m 16
CV_BCD: WORD l gi tr m h m BCD
Q : BOOL L tn hiu ra .
Hnh 4-49: s khi b
m Counter
Qu trnh lm vic ca b m c m t nh sau:
S sn xung m c, c ghi vo thanh ghi 2 Byte ca b m, gi l thanh
ghi C-Word. Ni dung ca thanh ghi C-Word c gi l gi tr m tc thi
ca b m v k hiu bng CV v CV_BCD. B m bo trng thi ca CWord ra ngoi C-bit qua chn Q ca n. Nu CV <> 0 , C-bit c gi tr "1".
Ngc li khi CV = 0, C- bit nhn gi tr 0. CV lun l gi tr khng m. B m
s khng m li khi CV = 0.
i vi Counter, gi tr t trc PV ch c chuyn vo C-Word ti thi
im xut hin sn ln ca tn hiu t ti chn S.
B m s c xo tc thi bng tn hiu xo R (Reset). Khi b m c
xa c C-Word v C- bit u nhn gi tr 0.
4.6.2.Khai bo s dng:
Vic khai bo s dng mt Counter bao gm cc bc sau:
86
- Khai bo tn hiu Enable nu mun s dng tn hiu ch ng kch m

(S): dng d liu BOOL
- Khai bo tn hiu u vo m tin CU : dng d liu BOOL
- Khai bo tn hiu u vo m li CD : dng d liu BOOL
- Khai bo gi tr t trc PV: dng d liu WORD
- Khai bo tn hiu xo: dng d liu BOOL
- Khai bo tn hiu ra CV nu mun ly gi tr m tc thi h 16. dng
d liu WORD
- Khai bo tn hiu ra CV-BCD nu mun ly gi tr m tc thi h BCD
dng d liu WORD
- Khai bo u ra Q nu mun ly tn hiu tc ng ca b m. dng d
liu BOOL
Trong cn ch cc tn hiu sau bt buc phi khai bo: Tn ca b m
cn s dng, tn hiu kch m CU hoc CD.
1. B m tin li:
-S khi :
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-50: S khi b m tin li.
-Nguyn l hot ng:

Khi tn hiu I0.2 chuyn t 0 ln 1b m c t gi tr l 55. Gi tr u ra
Q4.0 =1 .
B m s thc hin m tin ti cc sn ln ca tn hiu ti chn CU khi tn

hiu I0.0 chuyn gi tr t "0" ln "1"
B m s m li ti cc sn ln ca tn hiu ti chn I0.1 khi tn hiu
chuyn t "0" ln "1"
Gi tr ca b m s tr v 0 khi c tn hiu tai sn ln ca chn R ( I0.3)
2. B m tin : CU
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-51: s khi b m tin.

-Nguyn l hot ng:
Khi tn hiu I0.2 chuyn t "0" ln "1" b m c t gi tr l 55. Gi tr
u ra Q4.0 =1 .
B m s thc hin m tin ti cc sn ln ca tn hiu ti chn CU khi
tn hiu I0.0 chuyn gi tr t "0" ln "1"
Gi tr ca b m s tr v 0 khi c tn hiu tai sn ln ca chn R (I0.3)
B m s ch m n gi tr <= 999.
3. B m li: CD
FBD
88
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-52: S khi b m li.

-Nguyn l hot ng:
Khi tn hiu I0.2 chuyn t "0" ln "1" b m c t gi tr l 55. Gi tr
u ra Q4.0 =1 .
B m s thc hin m li ti cc sn ln ca tn hiu ti chn CD khi tn
hiu I0.0 chuyn gi tr t "0" ln"1"
Gi tr ca b m s tr v 0 khi c tn hiu tai sn ln ca chn R (I0.3).
B m s ch m n gi tr >= 0.
4.7.Khi chuyn d liu:
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-53: S khi MOV
-Nguyn l hot ng:

Khi c tn hu kch I0.0 khi Copy c thit lp , tn hiu u ra ENO l
Q4.0 =1. ng thi s liu u vo IN l MW0 c Copy sang u ra OUT
l MW2.
Khi tn hiu kch I0.0 = 0 tn hiu u ra Q4.0 = 0.
Trong trng hp mun thay i s liu trong b nh (tc l thay i gi tr
trong MW2) ta c th khng cn s dng tn hiu kch I0.0.
4.8.Cc b ghi dch v quay s liu trn thanh ghi:

1. Dich phi s nguyn 16 bits:
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-54: S khi dch phi.
Hnh 4-55: Nguyn l hot ng.

Khi tn hiu kch I0.0 = 1 Khi s thc hin chc nng dich chuyn sang phi
s liu trong thanh ghi. ng thi tn hiu ra ti ENO l Q4.0 c gi tr l 1.
S liu a vo ti IN l MW0
S bit s dich chuyn l MW2 ( ti chn N).
Kt qu sau khi dch c ct vo MW4.
Trn s cho ta thy kt qu ca b dch phi 4 bit.
2. Dich phi s nguyn 32 bits:

-S khi:
FBD
90
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-56: Khi dch phi.

Khi tn hiu kch I0.0 = 1. Khi s thc hin chc nng dich chuyn sang
phi s liu trong thanh ghi. ng thi tn hiu ra ti ENO l Q4.0 c gi tr l
1.
S liu a vo ti IN l MD0
S bit s dch chuyn l MW2 (ti chn N). Kt qu sau khi dch c ct vo
MW4.
Trn s cho ta thy kt qu ca b dch phi 4 bit.
3. Dich tri 16 bit:

-S khi:
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-57: Khi dch tri.

-Nguyn l hot ng:
Khi c tn hiu kch I0.0 = 1 tn hiu ra Q4.0 c thit lp v c gi tr 1.
D liu u vo MW0 c dch sang tri vi s bit c t ti chn N
(MW2).
Kt qu sau khi dch c ghi vo MW4.
-Gin thi gian:
Hnh 4-58: Gin thi gian b dch tri 6 v tr.

Ch : Trong trng hp cn dich tri mt s 32 bits ta ch cn khai bo d
liu u vo IN di dng MD v d: MD0 v kt qu u ra cng s c lu
gi MD V d: MD4
4. Quay tri s 32 bits:

-S khi:
FBD
92
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-59: S khi quay tri.

-Nguyn l hot ng:
D liu u vo MD0 c quay sang trI vi s bit c t ti chn N
(MW4).
Kt qu sau khi dch c ghi vo MD10.
Hnh 4-60: Gin thi gian.
5. Quay phi s 32 bits:

-S khi:
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-61: s khi b quay phi.

-Nguyn l hot ng:
D liu u vo MD0 c quay phi vi s bit c t ti chn N (MW4).
Kt qu sau khi dch c ghi vo MD10.
Hnh 4-62: Gin thi gian ca b dch phi 3 v tr s 32 bits.
4.9.Cc hm Logic thc hin trn thanh ghi :

1. Hm AND hai s c di l 16 bits.
94
-S khi:
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-63: s dng khi AND 16 bits

-Nguynl hot ng:
Hm s thc hin chc nng nhn hai s nh phn tai u vo IN1 v u vo
IN2 kt qu c ct OUT ( MW2) khi c tn hiu kch ti chn EN (I0.0 =1).
Tn hiu u ra ENO (Q4.0 = 1) khi hm thc hin chc nng.
-V d:
IN1
IN2
OUT
=
=
=
0101010101010101
0100000000001111
0100000000000101
S th nht
S th hai
Kt qu
2. Hm OR hai s c di l 16 bits:
-S khi :
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-64: S dng khi OR 16 bits.

-Nguyn l hot ng:
Hm s thc hin chc nng OR hai s nh phn tai u vo IN1 v u vo
IN2 kt qu c ct OUT ( MW2) khi c tn hiu kch ti chn EN (I0.0 = 1).
Tn hiu u ra ENO (Q4.0 = 1) khi hm thc hin chc nng.
-V d:
IN1
IN2
OUT
=
=
=
0101010101010101 S th nht
0000000000001111 S th Hai
0101010101011111 Kt qu
3.Hm XOR hai s c di 16 bits:

96
-S khi:
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-65: s khi XOR 16 bits.

-Nguynl hot ng:
Hm s thc hin chc nng XOR hai s nh phn tai u vo IN1 v u vo
IN2 kt qu c ct OUT khi c tn hiu kch ti chn EN.
Tn hiu u ra ENO khi hm thc hin chc nng.
-V d:
IN1
=
0101010101010101 S th nht
IN2
=
0000000000001111 S th Hai
OUT
=
0101010101011010 Kt qu
4.Hm AND hai t kp:
-S khi:
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-66: S dng khi AND hai t kp .

EN(I0.0): BOOL - tn hiu kch
IN1: DWORD - Vo 1
IN2: DWORD - vo2
OUT: DWORD - Ra
ENO: BOOL - Tn hiu ra ca khi.
-Nguyn l hot ng:

Hm s thc hin chc nng AND hai s nh phn ti u vo IN1 v u vo
-V d:
IN1
IN2
OUT
=
=
=
0101010101010101
0000000000000000
0000000000000000
5.Hm OR hai t kp:

-S khi:
FBD
LAD
0101010101010101
0000111111111111
0000010101010101
STL
Hnh 4-67: S dng khi OR hai t kp.

IN1: DWORD - Vo 1
IN2: DWORD - vo2
OUT: DWORD - Ra
-Nguyn l hot ng:

Hm s thc hin chc nng OR hai s c di 2 t ti u vo IN1 v u vo
-V d:
IN1
98
0101010101010101
0101010101010101
IN2
OUT
=
=
0000000000000000
0101010101010101
0000111111111111
0101111111111111
6.Hm XOR hai t kp :

-s nguyn l:
FBD
LAD
STL
Hnh 4-68: S dng khi XOR hai t kp.

IN1: DWORD - Vo 1
IN2: DWORD - vo2
OUT: DWORD - Ra
-Nguyn l hot ng:
Hm s thc hin chc nng XOR hai s c di 2 t ti u vo IN1 v u
vo IN2 kt qu c ct OUT khi c tn hiu kch ti chn EN.
-V d:
IN1
IN2
OUT
=
=
=
0101010101010101
0000000000000000
0101010101010101
0101010101010101
0000111111111111
0101101010101010
Ti liu tham kho

1.T ng ho vi Simatic S7-200. Nh xut bn nng nghip,1997- Don
Minh Phc, Phan Xun Minh.
2.S5-95U v phn mm Step5. Gio trnh ging dy ca trung tm o to
Simens t ng ho trng HBK H ni, 1997- Don Minh Phc, Phan
Xun Minh.
3.SPS-Grundkurs, Volgel Buchverlag- Juergen Kaftan.
4.Speicherprogrammierte Steuerungen Aufgaben mit Loesungen, EuropaFachbuchreihe.
5.T ng ho vi Simatic S7-300. Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut,
2000-Don Minh Phc, Phan Xun Minh, V Vn H .
100

Tai Lieu PLC

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Tai Lieu PLC

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Chng1.H thng iu khin.

1.1.Khi nim h thng iu khin:

Chn phn t mch in

Kim tra chc nng

Hnh 1-1:lu iu khin dng Rle

Lp trnh vi SPS S7-300

Cc bc thit lp s iu khin bng PLC:

Thit k thut gii

San tho chng trnh

Kim tra chc nng

Hnh 1-2: Lu iu khin bng PLC

Lp trnh vi SPS S7-300

Hnh 1-3:S iu khin

Lp trnh vi SPS S7-300

Hnh 1-5:S ni dy thc hin bng PLC

Lp trnh vi SPS S7-300

Hnh 1-6: M hnh h thng iu khin PLC

Lp trnh vi SPS S7-300

PLC c th c s dng cho nhng yu cu iu khin n gin v c lp

Lp trnh vi SPS S7-300

Timer, Counter c cha trong vng nh ng dng, ty theo yu cu ca ngi

Lp trnh vi SPS S7-300

Lp trnh vi SPS S7-300

Modul m rng: cc modul m rng c chia lm 5 loi chnh:

Hnh 1-7:S b tr mt trm PLC( S7-300).

Lp trnh vi SPS S7-300

3/ IM (Interface module): Modul ghp ni. y l loi modul chuyn dng

3/ Word: (v d MW0= MB0 + MB1) Mt Word gm c 2 Byte nh vy mt

Lp trnh vi SPS S7-300

1.2.3.Cu trc b nh ca CPU ca S7-300:

g. PQ: min a ch cng ra cho cc modul tng t. Cc ga tr theo nhng

Hnh1-8: Qu trnh hot ng ca mt vng qut.

Lp trnh vi SPS S7-300

Thi gian cn thit cho PLC thc hin c mt vng qut c gi l

Lp trnh vi SPS S7-300

Lp trnh vi SPS S7-300

Lp trnh vi SPS S7-300

Chng 2: K thut lp trnh:

Hnh 2-1: S khi kiu lp trnh tuyn tnh

Lp trnh vi SPS S7-300

mt khi OB nht nh. V d tn hiu bo ngt s c ngun nui ch gi khi

Hnh 2-2: S kiu lp trnh c cu trc.

2.1.2.Qui trnh thit k chng trnh iu khin dng PLC:

Lp trnh vi SPS S7-300

Qui trnh thit k h thng iu khin bng PLC:

Hnh 2-3: Qui trnh thit k mt h thng iu khin t ng.

Lp trnh vi SPS S7-300

2.2.Cc ngn ng lp trnh:

Hnh 2-4: v d kiu lp trnh LAD.

Lp trnh vi SPS S7-300

2/ Ngn ng lp trnh FBD :

Hnh 2-5: V d kiu lp trnh FBD.

Hnh 2-6: V d kiu lp trnh STL.

4/ Ngn ng lp trnh SCL (Structured Control Language):

5/ Ngn ng lp trnh : S7-Graph.

Hnh2-7: S khi lp trnh kiu S7-Graph.

Lp trnh vi SPS S7-300

6/ Ngn ng lp trnh : S7-HiGraph.

Hnh 2-8 : S lp trnh bng ngn ng S7-HiGraph.

Lp trnh vi SPS S7-300

Chng 3: Ci t phn mm S7-300 v chn ch lm vic

Lp trnh vi SPS S7-300

Mt s vn cn gii thch r thm khi ci t phn mm Step7:(cun ti