Works Cited

Carlson, Scott. "Colleges 'Unleash the Deans' With Decentralized Budgets." The Chronicle
of Higher Education. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 9 Feb. 2015. Web. 13
Mar. 2015. <http://chronicle.com/article/Colleges-Unleash-the-Deans/151711/>.
This source provided information about RCM budget models to people
interested in the finances of universities and colleges. The article was most likely
a response to the current education budget issue that plagues most campuses
cross country and was intended to inform people of a possible reform model and
what the advantages or drawbacks may be from switching to this decentralized
budget model. The article began with a working example with the intended result
to give the reader an idea of what the model can do. Possible benefits and
detriments were then detailed to let the reader understand the risk of the budget
model.
The text was relevant to my research as it provided a possible solution and
insight to my problem/solution model. From reading this article I understand the
regular and the RCM budget models, how one model may be more useful to a
type of university, and I better understand the funding structure of universities.
My other research is complimented by this article as the article gives a possible
solution and university financial model information. This source is credible as it
is a scholarly article linked from the school database.
"Community Colleges Fare Better Under California Governor's Spending Blueprint."
Community College Week 27.13 (2015): 2. Academic Search Complete. Web. 13
Mar. 2015.

This article was a summary of the 2015 California state spending plan,
focused on higher-education funding. The summary was written for people
interested in education budget due to the increasing concern about university and
college funding.
This text brings new information about the current problems with University
of California (UC) budget and the future funding that UCs will receive. From
reading the article, I know the current plans of the California governor and how
UCs finances may be affected over the year. My other researched will be
complemented by this articles information in a background as the importance of
stabilizing the budget and current volatility will show from it. This article is
credible as it is from a research database and has been fact checked.
De La Rosa, Mari Luna. "Is Opportunity Knocking? Low-income Students Perceptions of
College and Financial Aid." American Behavioral Scientist 49.12 (2006): 16701686.
This research study was intended to inform education administrators of how
many low-income students view financial aid. The study used a progression of
survey results to show the opinions of low-income high-school students in
regards to higher-education and financial aid in order to show the amount that
students rely on aid and that it should be taken into consideration when
determining policy.
This study is near the heart of my research as it gives the opinions of lowincome students and how they rely on financial aid which may take a hit if a
solution to the budget issue does not take place. The research gave me insight
into the views of low-income students and helped my understanding of my

research question. My research is supported by this study as any changes in

financial aid from budget constraints will definitely have an effect on how lowerincome students view their college opportunities. The study is credible as it is a
published research from a university on a educational database.
Kroll, Andy. "Back To $Chool: College Is The Past, Prison Is The Future." New Labor
Forum (Sage Publications Inc.) 22.2 (2013): 39-43. Academic Search Complete.
Web. 13 Mar. 2015.
This article gave insight of the impacts of financial aid budget cuts on select
people who could not afford full priced college. The article likely resulted from
recent university budget cuts and was intended for any interested party. By using
an example of someone who did not receive financial aid, explanations of the
budget decline in higher education, and the result of the person settling for any
college, the article demonstrated the failure of underfunded public higher
education.
This article ties in with my research by giving me more information on how
some individuals rely on financial aid and when they dont receive it can lose
educational opportunity. I learned of a few examples and the view point of an
individual that relies completely on aid but cannot receive it. My research is
further complimented by this as a stronger importance is established from this
information. This is a credible article published from a university in a scholarly
database.
Luciana Dar. and Dong-Wook Lee. "Partisanship, Political Polarization, and State Higher
Education Budget Outcomes." The Journal of Higher Education 85.4 (2014):
469-498. Project MUSE. Web. 13 Mar. 2015.

This was a research report designed to inform individuals interested in

education funding of how trends in educational funding change. Statistics and
facts were used to back up a report of how education funding can correlate with
other social factors.
This report related to one of the reasons behind my research topic and why
there is a current dip in university funding. From this report I gained a lot of
insight as to how education funding can change and from what variable may be
the cause. The research compliments my own research as I have a better
understanding and a counterpoint to the research problem that I have. This was a
published research report that was part of a educational database.
Pickert, Kate. "University Of California System Approves Steep Tuition Hike." Time.Com
(2014): N.PAG. Academic Search Complete. Web. 13 Mar. 2015.
This was a summary of the recently proposed tuition hike and a quick
evaluation of tuition change and financial aid coverage. The goal of the article
was to inform interested people of the current state of UC tuition.
This article supports my research with evidence of a possible drastic change
in tuition and the need for a solution from research. From the text I gained a brief
overview of the state of tuition and the back-and-fourth between California
governor and the UC president. The source is credible as it is an article on a
educational database.
UC Long-Term Funding Plan. Budget Plan. University of California, n.d. Web. 13 Mar.
2015. <http://budget.universityofcalifornia.edu/>.
This was a report on the current budget plan of UCs, by the University of
California, for any individual interested in the budget plan of UC. Graphs,

statistics, and data were presented in sections to inform anyone of the future
changes in budget that have been approved and may take place if other funding
does not occur. This report likely became available with the increasing concern
over tuition and educational funding for UCs and was an attempt to reassure
some people of the plans that UC has to keep running effectively.
This report ties in with my research as it states the current state and what
may happen with tuition at UCs. The statistics both detail part of the problem
that UC faces and some of the solutions that the UC itself is attempting in order
to avoid that; even if the solutions may cause other drawbacks at the same time.
From this text I now know the approved plans and goals of the UC when it
involves funding and some details as to how they expect to receive and distribute
the funding. It is credible as it is a budget report of an education system by the
education system itself.
Warren, David L. "Federal Aid Is Key To An Educated Work Force." Chronicle Of Higher
Education 57.22 (2011): A27-A28. Academic Search Complete. Web. 13 Mar.
2015.
This was an article about the importance of financial aid programs to lowincome students and some relevant information regarding said graduates. The
article came about during federal budget cuts and advocated policy makers to not
reduce federal financial aid as there would be consequences for doing so.
This article tied in with my research by giving an overview of the federal
financial aid issue, which combines with state financial aid to help low-income
students have access to college. From the text I got an idea of how federal aid
also ties into affordability of college and drops in enrollment from decreased aid.

This source was credible as it was a scholarly article retrieved from an

educational database.

Chacn, Justin Akers. "The Experiences Of Low-Income Latino/A Students In The

California Community College System At A Time Of Education Budget Cuts."
Journal Of Hispanic Higher Education 12.3 (2013): 207-224. Academic Search
Complete. Web. 13 Mar. 2015.
The study gave factual support to the problems that low-income, particularly
Latino, students face when it comes to higher education in California with budget
cutbacks. While the information may be useful if some figures need to be added
to the report, the study was on community college and did not tie in as strong as
other sources did, so it did not make the cut.
Christopher, Renny. "The State Of Higher Education In California." Radical Teacher 73
(2005): 15-20. Academic Search Complete. Web. 13 Mar. 2015.
This article gave views, figures, and structure of the California highereducation budget in 2005. While before-after models may be helpful in some
circumstances, I currently do not know the full structure of my argument so this
source may not be used.
Fischer, Karin, and Lance Lambert. "Foreign Students Aren't Edging Out Locals
(Usually)." Chronicle Of Higher Education 61.21 (2015): 18. Academic Search
Complete. Web. 13 Mar. 2015.

This source brought in views about international applicants (I forgot about

them), and the shift that occurred in the top UCs acceptance of more out-of-state
and international applicants in order to generate more funding. The views
provide insight to one of the effects that budget cuts may have; it just wasnt
enough to get top 8. Tied in the upper-division idea instead of lower-income
opportunity.
KELDERMAN, ERIC. "Fault Lines Form Among Campuses As Finances Strain U. Of
California." Chronicle Of Higher Education 58.24 (2012): A26. Academic
Search Complete. Web. 13 Mar. 2015.
The material was dated and obsolete, but gave decent ideas as to how to
approach my argument.
Nocera, J. (2013, Dec 10). The Berkeley Model. New York Times Retrieved from
Http://search.proquest.com/docview/1466164863?accountid=14515
This article gave Berkeley as a model that managed to rebound from budget
cuts. Other universities may not be able to follow the same model as they do not
have the same renown.
Phillips, E. E. (2013, Nov 14). California College Chief Calls for Tuition Freeze; If Janet
Napolitano's Proposal Is Approved, Tuition Would Hold Steady for Third Year
in a Row after Earlier Steep Increases. Wall Street Journal (Online) Retrieved
from Http://search.proquest.com/docview/1455235539?accountid=14515
This article gave me information about the tuition freeze a couple years ago
and may work well for studying the effect from it. I will probably use this if I
detail the tuition freeze and other sources do not cover it as well as this one.

"University Of Calif. Targets Out-Of-State Students." Community College Week 23.21

(2011): 5. Academic Search Complete. Web. 13 Mar. 2015.
This article is back-up material if I need to support an out-of-state argument.
The material was slightly dated so I may leave it to a trend analysis.

My research questions focus has not changed over the course of my reading;
however, the problem that I wanted to address have changed and in turn the solutions I am
offering to fix each problem. Each reading has also altered the way I thought about each
problem and the benefits or problems each current solution has for the problem. My focus
will still be on how lack of state funding in University of California budget can affect the
educational opportunity of low-income students. For the most part, evidence points to any
budget cut or lack of funding as a hindrance on students and staff. Is Opportunity
Knocking? Low-income Students Perceptions of College and Financial Aid gave a useful
insight as to how many low-income students view their own educational opportunity and
the weight that they place on financial aid that is available. Other sources such as UC LongTerm Funding Plan, "Community Colleges Fare Better Under California Governor's
Spending Blueprint, and "University Of California System Approves Steep Tuition Hike."
helped me understand the current plans and possible future impact that state funding, or the
lack of, could change tuition and the overall availability of University of California schools
to lower-income families. "Back To $Chool: College Is The Past, Prison Is The
Futuregave examples of students in higher education that did not receive financial aid
because of budget cuts and the problems they faced finding affordable education after.
The majority of my research covered the causes of some of the budgetary problems
and effects that the problems had on students, but my research did not cover why the
problems should be addressed. If I went back, I would research more on the goal of UCs as
a public university as to help educate lower-income individuals and the states support of
all public education systems. The benefit of UCs and the drop in state revenue from a lower
turnout of degrees would also be a good figure to have on hand for convincing the
audience. One point that came up was how out-of-state doesnt displace in-state students,
instead it creates revenue to open more spots for in-state students to be accepted and that
may be something I will want to look into to better understand the impact out-of-state and
international students have on acceptance rates.
To begin my argument I will have to provide background information about the
current situation of California university funding. The audience will need to know about the
current struggle to get more state funding or increase tuition for students and what the
impact that may have on prospective / current low-income students. This need to increase
operating budget will then be linked to possible outcomes the UCs may have to raise
revenue and how they may affect low-income students. Increases in tuition / drops in
financial aid will change the outlook the students will have on the affordability and worth
of higher-education. Availability of aid programs will also come into question. The
estimated increase in out-of-state and international applicants to UCs will also be

questioned and the effect that has on in-state applicants. Solution research came out to be
harder to find than I thought as there are several prospective models that may work, but
finding the best solution that will work with Californias and UCs budget is problematic as
it is all theoretical.