Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment

Section 1: The Scientific Revolution

1. Challenging of ________
2. New way of ____________ about the natural and ____________ world
3. _______________ and _____________
4. Spread of Ideas Travel
The Scientific
Revolution
______
_____________________

______
_____________________

______
_____________________

Geocentric vs. Heliocentric

Compared to the Geocentric Theory on the left, where is Earth located in the image on
the right according to Heliocentric Theory? Draw an arrow on both. What are some
implications?

_________________

Law of Pendulum
Went _____________ the
teachings of the
____________
Stand trial before the
________________
Died under house arrest

___________________

Francis Bacon
Experiments &
empiricism
Ren Descartes
Analytical Geometry;
Mathematics & Logic
I think, therefore I am.

Theory of M__________
Mathematical Principles of
Natural Philosophy
Universe = __________
_____ was Clockmaker
who set everything in
motion
Diesm

Section 2: The Age of Reason

1. List 5 Important Core Concepts of the Philosophes
1.

Truth can be discovered through reason or logical thinking

2.
What was good was also good and reasonable
3.
Happiness is attained by following natural laws
Find happiness on Earth, not after death
4.
Society and humankind can be improved
5.
Through reason, society could be set free

Section 3: Enlightenment Thinkers

1. Thomas Hobbes
Leviathan (1651)
Without governments, men would constantly be in _______
Solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short
Absolute _________ would be the best form of government
Social Contract Theory
Give up your _________ and _________ for protection

2. John Locke
People were ___________ and could learn from their experiences
Ability to govern themselves
Criticizes the idea of self-government
Natural Rights
______, ________, and ________
Government must protect these rights
If not, the people have the right to overthrow the government
Power comes from the consent of the people
3. Voltaire (Franois Marie Arouet)
Satire against clergy, aristocracy, and government
Questioned the __________
Religious ____________
Freedom of ____________
We have a right to make use of our pens as of our tongue, at our peril, risk and hazard.
I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it.
4. Charles-Louis II, Baron de Montesquieu
Separation of Powers
Power should be a check to power

Checks and Balances

Monarchy, Aristocracy, and Republicanism

5. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
___________ Freedom
Civilization corrupted peoples natural goodness
Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.
State of Nature
Civilization allows the strongest to impose their _________ laws upon the people
_______ democracy
Social Contract
_______ individuals to create a society and a government
All people are _____________
6. Cesare Bonesana Beccaria
Laws-preserve social order
Abolishment of ________, cruel and __________ ___________, and capital
punishment
Governments should seek the greatest good for the greatest number of people
7. Mary Wollstonecraft
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
Women need _____________ opportunities
Should Participate in ___________
Compared the unjust rule of kings over their subjects to the unjust rule of
husbands over their wives

 Equality
_______ oppress ________ in order to keep power

Section 4: Impact of the Enlightenment

Challenged ideas
Theories encouraged monarchs to make reforms
Influence of American and French Revolutions
Bill of Rights
Constitution
Attempt to solve social problems
Secularism
Individualism