APPENDIXES

A-1 Convertion of condensate flow rate from ml/min to kg/s

Example from Table 1 run no 1, condensate flow rate is 68 ml/min
68 ml 68 10 3 L

sec
60 sec
60
68 10 6 m3 68 10 3

sec
60
60

mL
68 min

kg
sec

68
kg
1.133 10 3
4
s
6 10

A-2 Determination of hf, hfg, hg, hw, h1 and h3from saturated or superheated steam table
A-2.1 Calculation of hf and hfg
The calculation of enthalpy hf and hfg were determined from saturated steam table at boiler
temperature.
Example at Boiler temperature T1 =142.6 oC
From saturated steam table, 142.6 oC is between 140 oC and 145oC
hf = hsat liquid

hfg = h at evaporation

kJ/kg

kJ/kg

140.0

589.16

2144.3

142.6

hf142.6

hfg142.6

145.0

610.64

2129.2

T (oC)

hf142.6 was determined by interpolation:-

hfg142.6 was determined by interpolation:-

A-2.2 Calculation of hg
The calculation of enthalpy hg was determined from saturated steam table at calorimeter
temperature.
From saturated steam table, T= 100.4 oC is between 100 oC and 105oC.
The determination of enthalpy was done through interpolation:Hg = hsat vapor

T (oC)

kJ/kg

100

2675.6

100.4

Hg100.4

105

2683.4

A-2.3 Calculation of hw and h1

hw and h1 were determined from superheated steam table based on the boiler pressure.
Example boiler pressure at 240 bar
Convert to kPa
Boiler pressure P1 = 240 bar = 140 kPa + 101.325 kPa
= 341.325 kPa
Boiler pressure 341.325 kPa is between 325 kPa and 350 kPa
Using interpolation:Hw = hsat liquid

H1= hsat vap

kJ/kg

kJ/kg

355

573.19

2728.6

341.325

Hw

H1

350

584.26

2732.0

P, kPa

A-2.4 Determination of h3
The enthalpy h3 was determined straight away from saturated steam table at condensate
temperature.
From saturated steam table, T= 34oC
Using interpolation:T (oC)

kJ/kg

30

125.74

34

H3

35

146.64

A-3 Steam Quality

Steam quality was determined through formula:
x = hg hf
hfg
Example in run 1, x = (2676.22 589.16) / 2144.3
= 0.973

A-4 Boiler efficiency

Boiler efficiency was expressed through formula

boiler

H3 = hsat liquid

ms h1 hw
Q1

Example in run 1,
ms = 0.00113 (2730.82 580.419) / 2700

Boiler = 0.00090

A-5 Power Output of the engine, W1

W

2R F1 F2 N
60

Power Output, W was determined through the following formula

W = 5.8643x10-3( F1 F2 )N

(Watt)

Example run 2,
W = 5.8643x10-3( 1.5 1.0 )1416
W = 4.1519 Watt
A-6 Rankine Efficiency

Rankine

W1
ms hw h1
Rankine efficiency was determine by:-

Basically the formula is

[Smith, 2001]
Which in this experiment Q = ms (hw-h1)
Therefore all the value will be modulus and there will be no negative answer.
Examples run 2:
Rankine = 4.1519 / 0.00117(580.419 2730.82)
Rankine = 1.6502
A-7 Thermal Effeciency

thermal

W1
Q1 ms hw h3
Thermal efficiency was determined through this formula

Example in run 2:
th = [4.1519 / 2700 + 0.00117(580.419 150.82)] x 100
th = 0.1537 %