Problem 5 (45 points) PY diagram Consider the process shown in the PY’ diagram below for a monatomic ideal gas that undergoes a constant pressure expansion from point a to 5, followed by a constant volume decrease in ‘pressure from point 5 to c, followed by an isothermal compression back to point a again. The gas consists of ’=2 x 10" molecules, P.= 6 atm, V,=3m°, and Y,=9 m’. Remember that latm = 10° Pa=10°Nim’, &s = 10° J/K_ and you may approximate log,(3) = in(3) = 1. a) How much work is done by the gas along the initial expansion from point a to point b? Please check your signs ‘b) What is the energy of the gas at point a? ¢) How nmch heat is exchanged with the gas along the path from a to 5? State whether heat is added to ot subtracted from the gas. 4) How mmch work is done by the gas from point b toc? Please explain your answer or show your work. ©) What is the pressure of the gas at point c? 1) What is the temperature of the gas at point c? 2) What is the net work done by the gas during one full cycle a+ b= c~ a? ‘h) What is the change in the entropy of the gas as it is compressed isothemmally from point c to point a? i) Whatis the net change in entropy of the gas during one full cycle a> 5+ e+ a? Show your work or explain your answer.Problem 6 (35 points) Monatomic ideal gas Consider the process shown in the P-’ diagram below for a monatomic ideal gas that undergoes a constant pressure expansion from point a to 4. followed by a constant temperature expansion from point 5 to ¢, followed by a constant volume decrease in pressure from point ¢ to d, followed ‘by a constant temperature compression from point d back to point a again. The gas consists of V = 6x 10° molecules, ?, = 4 atm, V7, = 1 m’, and so on as shown in the diagram. Remember that Jatm= 10° Pa 10° Nit. k= 10" IKK, and you may approximate In(4) =~ In(1/4) = 14 = 11/8 and in(3) = -In(1/3) ~ 1.1 = 11/103f either of these is helpful. As always, please show your work and/or explain your reasoning for every part of the problem. a) Whatis the internal energy of the gas at point a? >) How much work is done by she gas along the initial expansion from point a to point 8? Please check your signs ©) How mmch work is done 2y the gas from point c to d? 4) How nmch heat is exchanged with the gas along the path from c to d? State whether heat is added ta or removed from the gas. ©) Whatis the temperature of the (hot!) gas at point c? 1) Whatis the change in the internal energy of the gas resulting from the ful cyele as bo co doa? 2) How nmch heat is exchanged with the gas along the path from point d to a? State whether heat is added to or removed from the gas. Pe ened! atm tProblem 5 (20 points) Entropy changes ‘A 1000kg ice sculpture of the great physicist Lord Kelvin is lost overboard a pleasure boat floating on a large lake (iste = 27°C). The ice is at a temperature of 0°C. By the time the FS sculpture is recovered. some of the ice has melted so that only 900kg of ice remains. For this entire problem, assume that the water resulting from the melted ice stays at 0 °C and does not have sufficient time to warm up to 27°C. You may approximate the heat of fusion for water as Ly = 300 kokg a) During this time, how much heat, Q,, e. has been transferred fiom the lake to the ice? b) What is the change in entropy of the sculpture? Please pay attention to the sign of your answer. ¢) How much has the entropy of the lake (not including the sculpture) changed due to the melting ice? ) What is the net change of the entropy of the whole universe due to this process? Please explicitly state whether this is positive, negative or zero.Problem 6 (45 points) Bicycle pump A bicyclist is using a bicycle pump to inflate his tire. The pump is designed so that, at the end of each downward stroke, air can escape from the pump throngh a valve only if the pressure of the gas in the piston reaches or exceeds P= 2 atm (absolute pressure). ‘The gas stats at P,=1 atm and ¥;= 0.0001 my at the beginning of each downward stroke. Assume that the piston is frictionless and that the air in the piston is an ideal gas. a) On the first downward stroke, the man pushes the plunger extremely slowly so that the gas in the piston remains in thermal equilibrium with the outside air (Toyeaie = 27°C) at all times. What is the piston volume right at the moment when the gas reaches 2 atm? b) Make a “PV” diagram of the path taken by the air in the piston as P increases from 1 atm to 2 atu: make sure that the end points are exactly right and that the shape of the path is qualitatively correct. Label it “PATH 1.” ©) Ifthe amount of work performed on the gas was approximately 6 joules over this path, how nich heat Qj, was exchanged? Please show your work and check all signs. 4d) What is the change in entropy of the gas during this downward stroke from P, to P? 2) On the second downward stroke, the bicyclist pushes the plunger very quickly. Approximately what is O,, during this stroke? Please explain your reasoning f) Is the gas temperature at the bottom of the second stroke higher or lower than Tonic? Explain, g) Onthe PV diagram draw the approximate path taken duzing the second stroke from P, to Ps Label it “PATH 2.” hh) What is the change in entropy of the gas during this downward stroke?