AecLanIcs oI LanInated

Con¡osIte IIates and SLeIIs

TLeory and AnaIysIs
J. Þ. Heddy
De¡artnent oI AecLanIcaI EngIneerIng
Texas A&A \nIversIty
CoIIege StatIon, Texas, \SA 77843
Second EdItIon
CHC Iress
Loca Ialon  Now Yoik  Lonoon  1okyo

LILrary oI Congress Data
1o lho Momoiy of
`j ¡n:·nì·,
`j h:·ìh·:,
`j h:·ìh·: .n-|n&,
`j Jnìh·: .n-|n&,
1nn· 1jj·:·,
1n|¡nnn ·hn&|n,   
ALout tLe AutLor
J. Þ. Heddy is a Dislinguishoo Iiofossoi ano lho inauguial holooi of lho Oscai
S. Wyall Lnoowoo Chaii in lho Dopailmonl of Mochanical Lnginooiing al 1oxas
A\M Univoisily, Collogo Slalion, 1oxas. Iiioi lo his cuiionl posilion, ho woikoo
as a posloocloial follow al lho Univoisily of 1oxas al Auslin (107874), as a
iosoaich scionlisl foi Lockhooo Missilos ano Spaco Company (l074), ano laughl
al lho Univoisily of Oklahoma (107ò1080) ano Viiginia Iolylochnic Inslilulo ano
Slalo Univoisily (10801002), whoio ho was lho inauguial holooi of lho Cliflon C.
Gaivin Lnoowoo Iiofossoiship.
Iiofossoi Ioooy is lho aulhoi of ovoi 800 jouinal papois ano 18 loxl Looks
on lhooiolical foimulalions ano nilo-olomonl analysis of pioLloms in solio ano
sliucluial mochanics (plalos ano sholls), composilo maloiials, compulalional uio
oynamics ano hoal liansfoi, ano applioo malhomalics. His conliiLulions lo
mochanics of composilo maloiials ano sliucluios aio woll known lhiough his iosoaich
on ionoo plalo ano sholl lhooiios ano lhoii nilo olomonl moools.
Iiofossoi Ioooy is lho isl iocipionl of lho Univoisily of Oklahoma Collogo
of Lnginooiing`s Awaio foi Oulslanoing Facully Achiovomonl in Iosoaich, lho
1084 1n|ì·: 1. 1&h·: ·..| 1nj.n··:.nj 1···n:·h 1:..· of lho Amoiican Socioly of
Civil Lnginoois (ASCL), lho 108ò Alumni Iosoaich Awaio al Viiginia Iolylochnic
Inslilulo, ano 1002 1·:···ì·: 1··J 1n:n·: `·Jn| ano 100ò ·hn:|·· 1&·· 1.·hn:J·
`·n·:.n| ¹&n:J of lho Amoiican Socioly of Mochanical Lnginoois (ASML). Ho
iocoivoo Goiman Acaoomic Lxchango (DAAD) ano von HumLolol Founoalion
(Goimany) iosoaich awaios. Ioconlly, ho iocoivoo lho 1007 `·|.n 1. 1·hnnnn
`·Jn| fiom Oklahoma Slalo Univoisily`s Collogo of Lnginooiing, Aichilocluio
ano 1ochnology, lho 1007 ¹:·h.· 1.jJ·n 1.·ì.nj&.·h·J 1J&·nì·: ¹&n:J fiom lho
Mochanics Division of lho Amoiican Socioly of Lnginooiing Loucalion, lho 1008
Anìhnn `. A·&nn:| `·Jn| fiom lho Amoiican Socioly of Civil Lnginoois, lho
2000 1r··||·n·· .n ìh· 1.·|J ·J ··n¡··.ì·· ¹&n:J fiom lho Amoiican Socioly
of Composilo Maloiials, lho 2000 1n·&|ìj 1.·ì.nj&.·h·J ¹·h.··n·nì ¹&n:J J·:
1···n:·h, lho 2008 1&·h 1r··||·n·· ¹&n:J J·: 1n·&|ìj .n 1nì·:nnì.·nn| 1···n:·h
awaio fiom 1oxas A\M Univoisily, ano 2008 ··n¡&ìnì.·nn| 5ì:&·ì&:n| `··hnn.··
¹&n:J fiom lho U.S. Associalion foi Compulalional Mochanics.
Iiofossoi Ioooy is a follow of lho Amoiican Acaoomy of Mochanics (AAM),
lho Amoiican Socioly of Civil Lnginoois (ASCL), lho Amoiican Socioly of
Mochanical Lnginoois (ASML), lho Amoiican Socioly of Composilos (ASC),
Inloinalional Associalion of Compulalional Mochanics (IACM), U.S. Associalion of
Compulalional Mochanics (USACM), lho Aoionaulical Socioly of Inoia (ASI), ano
lho Amoiican Socioly of Composilo Maloiials. Di. Ioooy is lho Loiloi-in-Chiof of
lho jouinals `··hnn.·· ·J ¹Jnn··J `nì·:.n|· nnJ 5ì:&·ì&:·· (1ayloi ano Fiancis),
1nì·:nnì.·nn| J·&:nn| ·J ··n¡&ìnì.·nn| 1nj.n··:.nj 5·.·n·· ano 1nì·:nnì.·nn|
J·&:nn| 5ì:&·ì&:n| 5ình.|.ìj nnJ 1jnnn.·· (Lolh fiom Woilo Scionlic), ano ho
soivos on lho ooiloiial Loaios of ovoi lwo oozon olhoi jouinals.
Contents
IreIace to tLe Second EdItIon                                             xix
IreIace to tLe FIrst EdItIon                                               xxi
1 EquatIons oI AnIsotro¡Ic EIastIcIty, YIrtuaI Vork IrIncI¡Ies,
and YarIatIonaI AetLods                                                  1
1.1 FiLoi-Ioinfoicoo Composilo Maloiials                                   1
1.2 Malhomalical Iioliminaiios                                              8
1.2.1 Gonoial Commonls                                                8
1.2.2 Voclois ano 1onsois                                               8
1.8 Lqualions of Anisoliopic Lnliopy                                      12
1.8.1 Inlioouclion                                                     12
1.8.2 Sliain-Displacomonl Lqualions                                   18
1.8.8 Sliain CompaliLilily Lqualions                                  18
1.8.4 Slioss Moasuios                                                  18
1.8.ò Lqualions of Molion                                             10
1.8.6 Gonoializoo Hooko`s Law                                        22
1.8.7 1hoimooynamic Iiinciplos                                       84
1.4 Viilual Woik Iiinciplos                                                88
1.4.1 Inlioouclion                                                     88
1.4.2 Viilual Displacomonls ano Viilual Woik                         88
1.4.8 Vaiialional Opoialoi ano Luloi Lqualions                        40
1.4.4 Iiinciplo of Viilual Displacomonls                               44
1.ò Vaiialional Molhoos                                                   ò8
1.ò.1 Inlioouclion                                                     ò8
1.ò.2 1ho Iilz Molhoo                                                ò8
1.ò.8 Woighloo-Iosioual Molhoos                                      64
1.6 Summaiy                                                              71
IioLloms                                                                  72
Iofoioncos foi Aooilional Ioaoing                                         78
2 IntroductIon to Con¡osIte AaterIaIs                                   81
2.1 Lasic Concopls ano 1oiminology                                       81
2.1.1 FiLois ano Maliix                                               81
2.1.2 Laminao ano Laminalos                                          88
2.2 Conslilulivo Lqualions of a Lamina                                    8ò
2.2.1 Gonoializoo Hooko`s Law                                        8ò
2.2.2 Chaiacloiislics of a Unioiioclional Lamina                       86
 
2.8 1iansfoimalion of Sliossos ano Sliains                                 80
2.8.1 Cooioinalo 1iansfoimalions                                      80
2.8.2 1iansfoimalion of Slioss Compononls                            00
2.8.8 1iansfoimalion of Sliain Compononls                            08
2.8.4 1iansfoimalion of Maloiial Coocionls                           06
2.4 Ilan Slioss Conslilulivo Iolalions                                      00
IioLloms                                                                 108
Iofoioncos foi Aooilional Ioaoing                                        106
3 CIassIcaI and FIrst-Order TLeorIes oI LanInated
Con¡osIte IIates                                                        100
8.1 Inlioouclion                                                          100
8.1.1 Iioliminaiy Commonls                                         100
8.1.2 Classicalion of Sliucluial 1hooiios                             100
8.2 An Ovoiviow of Laminaloo Ilalo 1hooiios                             110
8.8 1ho Classical Laminaloo Ilalo 1hooiy                                112
8.8.1 Assumplions                                                    112
8.8.2 Displacomonls ano Sliains                                      118
8.8.8 Lamina Conslilulivo Iolalions                                  117
8.8.4 Lqualions of Molion                                            110
8.8.ò Laminalo Conslilulivo Lqualions                               127
8.8.6 Lqualions of Molion in 1oims of Displacomonls                 120
8.4 1ho Fiisl-Oiooi Laminaloo Ilalo 1hooiy                              182
8.4.1 Displacomonls ano Sliains                                      182
8.4.2 Lqualions of Molion                                            184
8.4.8 Laminalo Conslilulivo Lqualions                               187
8.4.4 Lqualions of Molion in 1oims of Displacomonls                 180
8.ò Laminalo Slinossos foi Solocloo Laminalos                           142
8.ò.1 Gonoial Discussion                                             142
8.ò.2 Singlo-Layoi Ilalos                                             144
8.ò.8 Symmoliic Laminalos                                           148
8.ò.4 Anlisymmoliic Laminalos                                       1ò2
8.ò.ò Lalancoo ano Quasi-Isoliopic Laminalos                        1ò6
IioLloms                                                                 1ò7
Iofoioncos foi Aooilional Ioaoing                                        161
4 One-DInensIonaI AnaIysIs oI LanInated Con¡osIte IIates          16ò
4.1 Inlioouclion                                                          16ò
4.2 Analysis of Laminaloo Loams Using CLI1                            167
4.2.1 Govoining Lqualions                                            167
4.2.2 Lonoing                                                        160
4.2.8 Luckling                                                        176
4.2.4 ViLialion                                                       182
 
4.8 Analysis of Laminaloo Loams Using FSD1                            187
4.8.1 Govoining Lqualions                                            187
4.8.2 Lonoing                                                        188
4.8.8 Luckling                                                        102
4.8.4 ViLialion                                                       107
4.4 Cylinoiical Lonoing Using CLI1                                     200
4.4.1 Govoining Lqualions                                            200
4.4.2 Lonoing                                                        208
4.4.8 Luckling                                                        208
4.4.4 ViLialion                                                       200
4.ò Cylinoiical Lonoing Using FSD1                                     214
4.ò.1 Govoining Lqualions                                            214
4.ò.2 Lonoing                                                        21ò
4.ò.8 Luckling                                                        216
4.ò.4 ViLialion                                                       210
4.6 ViLialion Suppiossion in Loams                                       222
4.6.1 Inlioouclion                                                    222
4.6.2 1hooiolical Foimulalion                                        222
4.6.8 Analylical Solulion                                             227
4.6.4 Numoiical Iosulls                                              280
4.7 Closing Iomaiks                                                      282
IioLloms                                                                 282
Iofoioncos foi Aooilional Ioaoing                                        242
5 AnaIysIs oI S¡ecIaIIy OrtLotro¡Ic LanInates \sIng CLIT           24ò
ò.1 Inlioouclion                                                          24ò
ò.2 Lonoing of Simply Suppoiloo Ioclangulai Ilalos                      246
ò.2.1 Govoining Lqualions                                            246
ò.2.2 1ho Navioi Solulion                                            247
ò.8 Lonoing of Ilalos wilh 1wo Opposilo Logos Simply Suppoiloo        2òò
ò.8.1 1ho L´ovy Solulion Iiocoouio                                   2òò
ò.8.2 Analylical Solulions                                            2ò7
ò.8.8 Iilz Solulion                                                   262
ò.4 Lonoing of Ioclangulai Ilalos wilh Vaiious Lounoaiy Conoilions     26ò
ò.4.1 Viilual Woik Slalomonls                                       26ò
ò.4.2 Clampoo Ilalos                                                 266
ò.4.8 Appioximalion Funclions foi Olhoi Lounoaiy Conoilions       260
ò.ò Luckling of Simply Suppoiloo Ilalos Unooi Compiossivo Loaos        271
ò.ò.1 Govoining Lqualions                                            271
ò.ò.2 1ho Navioi Solulion                                            272
ò.ò.8 Liaxial Compiossion of a Squaio Laminalo ( = 1)              278
ò.ò.4 Liaxial Loaoing of a Squaio Laminalo                           274
ò.ò.ò Uniaxial Compiossion of a Ioclangulai Laminalo ( = 0)        274
 
ò.6 Luckling of Ioclangulai Ilalos Unooi In-Ilano Shoai Loao            278
ò.6.1 Govoining Lqualion                                            278
ò.6.2 Simply Suppoiloo Ilalos                                        278
ò.6.8 Clampoo Ilalos                                                 280
ò.7 ViLialion of Simply Suppoiloo Ilalos                                 282
ò.7.1 Govoining Lqualions                                            282
ò.7.2 Solulion                                                        282
ò.8 Luckling ano ViLialion of Ilalos wilh 1wo Iaiallol Logos
Simply Suppoiloo                                                    28ò
ò.8.1 Inlioouclion                                                    28ò
ò.8.2 Luckling Ly Diiocl Inlogialion                                  287
ò.8.8 ViLialion Ly Diiocl Inlogialion                                 288
ò.8.4 Luckling ano ViLialion Ly lho Slalo-Spaco Appioach           288
ò.0 1iansionl Analysis                                                    200
ò.0.1 Iioliminaiy Commonls                                         200
ò.0.2 Spalial Vaiialion of lho Solulion                                200
ò.0.8 1imo Inlogialion                                               202
ò.10 Closuio                                                              208
IioLloms                                                                 208
Iofoioncos foi Aooilional Ioaoing                                        206
6 AnaIytIcaI SoIutIons oI HectanguIar LanInated IIates
\sIng CLIT                                                              207
6.1 Govoining Lqualions in 1oims of Displacomonls                       207
6.2 AomissiLlo Lounoaiy Conoilions foi lho Navioi Solulions              200
6.8 Navioi Solulions of Anlisymmoliic Cioss-Ily Laminalos               801
6.8.1 Lounoaiy Conoilions                                           801
6.8.2 Solulion                                                        804
6.8.8 Lonoing                                                        808
6.8.4 Doloiminalion of Sliossos                                       800
6.8.ò Luckling                                                        817
6.8.6 ViLialion                                                       828
6.4 Navioi Solulions of Anlisymmoliic Anglo-Ily Laminalos               826
6.4.1 Lounoaiy Conoilions                                           826
6.4.2 Solulion                                                        828
6.4.8 Lonoing                                                        820
6.4.4 Doloiminalion of Sliossos                                       880
6.4.ò Luckling                                                        88ò
6.4.6 ViLialion                                                       887
6.ò 1ho L´ovy Solulions                                                   880
6.ò.1 Inlioouclion                                                    880
6.ò.2 Solulion Iiocoouio                                             842
6.ò.8 Anlisymmoliic Cioss-Ily Laminalos                             848
6.ò.4 Anlisymmoliic Anglo-Ily Laminalos                            8ò8
 
6.6 Analysis of Mioplano Symmoliic Laminalos                            8ò6
6.6.1 Inlioouclion                                                    8ò6
6.6.2 Govoining Lqualions                                            8ò6
6.6.8 Woak Foims                                                    8ò7
6.6.4 1ho Iilz Solulion                                              8ò8
6.6.ò Simply Suppoiloo Ilalos                                        8ò8
6.6.6 Olhoi Lounoaiy Conoilions                                     860
6.7 1iansionl Analysis                                                    861
6.7.1 Iioliminaiy Commonls                                         861
6.7.2 Lqualions of Molion                                            861
6.7.8 Numoiical 1imo Inlogialion                                    862
6.7.4 Numoiical Iosulls                                              864
6.8 Summaiy                                                             871
IioLloms                                                                 871
Iofoioncos foi Aooilional Ioaoing                                        87ò
7 AnaIytIcaI SoIutIons oI HectanguIar LanInated IIates
\sIng FSDT                                                              877
7.1 Inlioouclion                                                          877
7.2 Simply Suppoiloo Anlisymmoliic Cioss-Ily Laminaloo Ilalos         870
7.2.1 Solulion foi lho Gonoial Caso                                   870
7.2.2 Lonoing                                                        881
7.2.8 Luckling                                                        888
7.2.4 ViLialion                                                       804
7.8 Simply Suppoiloo Anlisymmoliic Anglo-Ily Laminaloo Ilalos         400
7.8.1 Lounoaiy Conoilions                                           400
7.8.2 1ho Navioi Solulion                                            402
7.8.8 Lonoing                                                        404
7.8.4 Luckling                                                        40ò
7.8.ò ViLialion                                                       406
7.4 Anlisymmoliic Cioss-Ily Laminalos wilh 1wo Opposilo
Logos Simply Suppoiloo                                             412
7.4.1 Inlioouclion                                                    412
7.4.2 1ho L´ovy 1ypo Solulion                                        418
7.4.8 Numoiical Lxamplos                                            41ò
7.ò Anlisymmoliic Anglo-Ily Laminalos wilh 1wo Opposilo
Logos Simply Suppoiloo                                             421
7.ò.1 Inlioouclion                                                    421
7.ò.2 Govoining Lqualions                                            421
7.ò.8 1ho L´ovy Solulion                                              428
7.ò.4 Numoiical Lxamplos                                            42ò
7.6 1iansionl Solulions                                                   480
7.7 ViLialion Conliol of Laminaloo Ilalos                                487
7.7.1 Iioliminaiy Commonls                                         487
7.7.2 1hooiolical Foimulalion                                        488
 
7.7.8 Volocily FoooLack Conliol                                      488
7.7.4 Analylical Solulion                                             480
7.7.ò Numoiical Iosulls ano Discussion                               441
7.8 Summaiy                                                             442
IioLloms                                                                 444
Iofoioncos foi Aooilional Ioaoing                                        44ò
8 TLeory and AnaIysIs oI LanInated SLeIIs                             440
8.1 Inlioouclion                                                          440
8.2 Govoining Lqualions                                                  4ò0
8.2.1 Goomoliic Iiopoilios of lho Sholl                               4ò0
8.2.2 Kinolics of lho Sholl                                            4ò4
8.2.8 Kinomalics of lho Sholl                                         4òò
8.2.4 Lqualions of Molion                                            4ò7
8.2.ò Laminalo Conslilulivo Iolalions                                461
8.8 1hooiy of DouLly-Cuivoo Sholls                                       462
8.8.1 Lqualions of Molion                                            462
8.8.2 Analylical Solulion                                             468
8.4 ViLialion ano Luckling of Cioss-Ily Laminaloo
Ciiculai Cylinoiical Sholls                                            478
8.4.1 Lqualions of Molion                                            478
8.4.2 Analylical Solulion Iiocoouio                                  47ò
8.4.8 Lounoaiy Conoilions                                           470
8.4.4 Numoiical Iosulls                                              480
IioLloms                                                                 488
Iofoioncos foi Aooilional Ioaoing                                        488
9 LInear FInIte EIenent AnaIysIs oI Con¡osIte IIates and SLeIIs    487
0.1 Inlioouclion                                                          487
0.2 Finilo Llomonl Moools of lho Classical Ilalo 1hooiy (CLI1)          488
0.2.1 Woak Foims                                                    488
0.2.2 Spalial Appioximalions                                         400
0.2.8 Somioisciolo Finilo Llomonl Moool                              400
0.2.4 Fully Disciolizoo Finilo Llomonl Moools                         ò00
0.2.ò Quaoiilaloial Llomonls ano Numoiical Inlogialion              ò08
0.2.6 Iosl-Compulalion of Sliossos                                   ò10
0.2.7 Numoiical Iosulls                                              ò10
0.8 Finilo Llomonl Moools of Shoai Dofoimalion Ilalo 1hooiy (FSD1)    ò1ò
0.8.1 Woak Foims                                                    ò1ò
0.8.2 Finilo Llomonl Moool                                           ò16
0.8.8 Ionally Funclion Foimulalion ano Shoai Locking               ò20
0.8.4 Iosl-Compulalion of Sliossos                                   ò24
0.8.ò Lonoing Analysis                                               ò2ò
0.8.6 ViLialion Analysis                                              ò40
0.8.7 1iansionl Analysis                                              ò42
CCIA1IAS 
0.4 Finilo Llomonl Analysis of Sholls                                      ò48
0.4.1 Woak Foims                                                    ò48
0.4.2 Finilo Llomonl Moool                                           ò46
0.4.8 Numoiical Iosulls                                              ò40
0.ò Summaiy                                                             òò8
IioLloms                                                                 ò60
Iofoioncos foi Aooilional Ioaoing                                        ò60
10 ÞonIInear AnaIysIs oI Con¡osIte IIates and SLeIIs                 ò67
10.1 Inlioouclion                                                         ò67
10.2 Classical Ilalo 1hooiy                                               ò68
10.2.1 Govoining Lqualions                                          ò68
10.2.2 Viilual Woik Slalomonl                                       ò60
10.2.8 Finilo Llomonl Moool                                          ò72
10.8 Fiisl-Oiooi Shoai Dofoimalion Ilalo 1hooiy                         ò7ò
10.8.1 Govoining Lqualions                                          ò7ò
10.8.2 Viilual Woik Slalomonls                                      ò76
10.8.8 Finilo Llomonl Moool                                          ò78
10.4 1imo Appioximalion ano lho Nowlon-Iaphson Molhoo              ò88
10.4.1 1imo Appioximalions                                          ò88
10.4.2 1ho Nowlon-Iaphson Molhoo                                 ò84
10.4.8 1angonl Slinoss Coocionls foi CLI1                        ò86
10.4.4 1angonl Slinoss Coocionls foi FSD1                        ò00
10.4.ò MomLiano Locking                                            ò04
10.ò Numoiical Lxamplos of Ilalos                                        ò06
10.ò.1 Iioliminaiy Commonls                                        ò06
10.ò.2 Isoliopic ano Oilholiopic Ilalos                               ò06
10.ò.8 Laminaloo Composilo Ilalos                                   601
10.ò.4 Locl of Symmoliy Lounoaiy Conoilions on Nonlinoai
Iosponso                                                      604
10.ò.ò Nonlinoai Iosponso Unooi In-Ilano Compiossivo Loaos        608
10.ò.6 Nonlinoai Iosponso of Anlisymmoliic Cioss-Ily Laminaloo
Ilalo Sliips                                                   608
10.ò.7 1iansionl Analysis of Composilo Ilalos                        612
10.6 Funclionally Giaooo Ilalos                                          618
10.6.1 Lackgiouno                                                   618
10.6.2 1hooiolical Foimulalion                                       61ò
10.6.8 1hoimomochanical Coupling                                   616
10.6.4 Numoiical Iosulls                                             617
10.7 Finilo Llomonl Moools of Laminaloo Sholl 1hooiy                    620
10.7.1 Govoining Lqualions                                          620
10.7.2 Finilo Llomonl Moool                                          622
10.7.8 Numoiical Lxamplos                                           62ò
 CCIA1IAS
10.8 Conlinuum Sholl Finilo Llomonl                                     627
10.8.1 Inlioouclion                                                   627
10.8.2 Inciomonlal Lqualions of Molion                              628
10.8.8 Conlinuum Finilo Llomonl Moool                              681
10.8.4 Sholl Finilo Llomonl                                           688
10.8.ò Numoiical Lxamplos                                           688
10.8.6 Closuio                                                        644
10.0 IoslLuckling Iosponso ano Iiogiossivo Failuio of Composilo
Ianols in Compiossion                                               64ò
10.0.1 Iioliminaiy Commonls                                        64ò
10.0.2 Lxpoiimonlal Sluoy                                           64ò
10.0.8 Finilo Llomonl Moools                                         647
10.0.4 Failuio Analysis                                               648
10.0.ò Iosulls foi Ianol C4                                           6ò0
10.0.6 Iosulls foi Ianol H4                                           6òò
10.10 Closuio                                                             6ò8
IioLloms                                                                 6ò8
Iofoioncos foi Aooilional Ioaoing                                        664
11 TLIrd-Order TLeory oI LanInated Con¡osIte IIates and SLeIIs   671
11.1 Inlioouclion                                                         671
11.2 A 1hiio-Oiooi Ilalo 1hooiy                                         671
11.2.1 Displacomonl Fiolo                                            671
11.2.2 Sliains ano Sliossos                                           674
11.2.8 Lqualions of Molion                                           674
11.8 Highoi-Oiooi Laminalo Slinoss Chaiacloiislics                      677
11.8.1 Singlo-Layoi Ilalos                                            678
11.8.2 Symmoliic Laminalos                                          680
11.8.8 Anlisymmoliic Laminalos                                      681
11.4 1ho Navioi Solulions                                                 682
11.4.1 Iioliminaiy Commonls                                        682
11.4.2 Anlisymmoliic Cioss-Ily Laminalos                            684
11.4.8 Anlisymmoliic Anglo-Ily Laminalos                           687
11.4.4 Numoiical Iosulls                                             680
11.ò L´ovy Solulions of Cioss-Ily Laminalos                               600
11.ò.1 Iioliminaiy Commonls                                        600
11.ò.2 Solulion Iiocoouio                                            701
11.ò.8 Numoiical Iosulls                                             704
11.6 Finilo Llomonl Moool of Ilalos                                       706
11.6.1 Inlioouclion                                                   706
11.6.2 Finilo Llomonl Moool                                          707
11.6.8 Numoiical Iosulls                                             712
11.6.4 Closuio                                                        714
CCIA1IAS 
11.7 Lqualions of Molion of lho 1hiio-Oiooi 1hooiy of DouLly-Cuivoo
Sholls                                                                718
IioLloms                                                                 720
Iofoioncos foi Aooilional Ioaoing                                        721
12 LayervIse TLeory and YarIaLIe KInenatIc AodeIs                  72ò
12.1 Inlioouclion                                                         72ò
12.1.1 Molivalion                                                    72ò
12.1.2 An Ovoiviow of Layoiwiso 1hooiios                            726
12.2 Dovolopmonl of lho 1hooiy                                          780
12.2.1 Displacomonl Fiolo                                            780
12.2.2 Sliains ano Sliossos                                           788
12.2.8 Lqualions of Molion                                           784
12.2.4 Laminalo Conslilulivo Lqualions                              786
12.8 Finilo Llomonl Moool                                                788
12.8.1 Layoiwiso Moool                                               788
12.8.2 Full Layoiwiso Moool Voisus 8-D Finilo Llomonl Moool        780
12.8.8 Consiooialions foi Moooling Iolalivoly 1hin Laminalos        742
12.8.4 Lonoing of a Simply Suppoiloo (0¸00¸0) Laminalo             746
12.8.ò Fioo Logo Sliossos in a (4ò¸-4ò)

Laminalo                     7ò8
12.4 VaiiaLlo Kinomalic Foimulalions                                     7ò0
12.4.1 Inlioouclion                                                   7ò0
12.4.2 Mulliplo Assumoo Displacomonl Fiolos                         762
12.4.8 Incoipoialion of Dolaminalion Kinomalics                     764
12.4.4 Finilo Llomonl Moool                                          766
12.4.ò Illuslialivo Lxamplos                                          760
12.ò Applicalion lo Aoaplivo Sliucluios                                   780
12.ò.1 Inlioouclion                                                   780
12.ò.2 Govoining Lqualions                                          788
12.ò.8 Finilo Llomonl Moool                                          78ò
12.ò.4 An Lxamplo                                                   787
12.6 Layoiwiso 1hooiy of Cylinoiical Sholls                               704
12.6.1 Inlioouclion                                                   704
12.6.2 Unslionoo Sholls                                              704
12.6.8 Slionoo Sholls                                                708
12.6.4 IoslLuckling of Laminaloo Cylinoois                           806
12.7 Closuio                                                              812
Iofoioncos foi Aooilional Ioaoing                                        816
SuLject Index                                                              821
1111AC1 AC A11 S1CCI1 111A1CI 
IreIace to tLe Second EdItIon
In lho sovon yoais sinco lho isl ooilion of lhis Look appoaioo somo signicanl
oovolopmonls havo lakon placo in lho aioa of maloiials moooling in gonoial
ano in composilo maloiials ano sliucluios in pailiculai. Foiomosl among lhoso
oovolopmonls havo Loon lho smail maloiials ano sliucluios, funclionally giaooo
maloiials (FGMs), ano nanoscionco ano lochnology oach lopic oosoivos lo Lo
lioaloo in a sopaialo monogiaph. Whilo lho aulhoi`s oxpoiliso ano conliiLulions
in lhoso aioas aio limiloo, il is foll lhal lho ioaooi shoulo Lo maoo awaio of
lho oovolopmonls in lho analysis of smail ano FGM sliucluios. 1ho suLjocl of
nanoscionco ano lochnology, of couiso, is oulsioo lho scopo of lho piosonl sluoy.
Also, lho isl ooilion of lhis Look oio nol conlain any maloiial on lho lhooiy ano
analysis of laminaloo sholls. Il shoulo Lo an inlogial pail of any sluoy on laminaloo
composilo sliucluios.
1ho focus foi lho piosonl ooilion of lhis Look iomains lho samo lho ooucalion of
lho inoivioual who is inloiosloo in gaining a gooo unooislanoing of lho mochanics
lhooiios ano associaloo nilo olomonl moools of laminaloo composilo sliucluios.
Voiy lilllo maloiial has Loon oololoo. Now maloiial has Loon aoooo in mosl
chaplois along wilh somo ioaiiangomonl of lopics lo impiovo lho claiily of lho
ovoiall piosonlalion. In pailiculai, lho maloiial fiom lho isl lhioo chaplois is
conoonsoo inlo a singlo chaploi (Chaploi 1) in lhis socono ooilion lo mako ioom foi
lho now maloiial. 1hus Chaploi 1 conlains coilain malhomalical pioliminaiios, a
sluoy of lho oqualions of anisoliopic olaslicily, ano an inlioouclion lo lho piinciplo
of viilual oisplacomonls ano classical vaiialional molhoos (lho Iilz ano Galoikin
molhoos). Chaplois 2 lhiough 7 coiiospono lo Chaplois 4 lhiough 0, iospoclivoly,
fiom lho isl ooilion, ano lhoy havo Loon iovisoo lo incluoo smail sliucluios ano
funclionally giaooo maloiials. A complololy now chaploi, Chaploi 8, on lhooiy
ano analysis of laminaloo sholls is aoooo lo ovoicomo lho glaiing omission in lho
isl ooilion of lhis Look. Chaplois 0 ano 10 (coiiosponoing lo Chaplois 10 ano
18 in lho isl ooilion) aio oovoloo lo linoai ano nonlinoai nilo olomonl analysis,
iospoclivoly, of laminaloo plalos ano sholls. 1hoso chaplois aio oxlonsivoly iovisoo lo
incluoo moio oolails on lho ooiivalion of langonl slinoss maliicos ano nilo olomonl
moools of sholls wilh numoiical oxamplos. Chaplois 11 ano 12 in lho piosonl ooilion
coiiospono lo Chaplois 11 ano 12 of lho isl ooilion, which unooiwonl signicanl
iovisions lo incluoo laminaloo sholls. 1ho pioLlom sols ossonlially iomainoo lho
samo wilh lho aooilion of a fow pioLloms hoio ano lhoio.
 1111AC1 AC A11 S1CCI1 111A1CI
1ho acknowloogmonls ano sincoio lhanks ano foolings oxpiossoo in lho piofaco
lo lho isl ooilion slill holo Lul lhoy aio nol iopoaloo hoio. Il is a ploasuio lo
acknowloogo lho holp of my colloaguos, ospocially Di. Zhon-Qiang Chong, foi lhoii
holp wilh lho pioofioaoing of lho manusciipl. 1hanks aio also ouo lo Mi. Iom´an
Aicinioga foi piovioing lho numoiical iosulls of somo oxamplos on sholls incluooo in
Chaploi 0.
J. A. 1·JJj
Collogo Slalion, 1oxas
1111AC1 AC A11 111SA 111A1CI 
IreIace to tLe FIrst EdItIon
1ho oiamalic incioaso in lho uso of composilo maloiials in all lypos of onginooiing
sliucluios (o.g., aoiospaco, aulomolivo, ano unooiwaloi sliucluios, as woll as in
mooical pioslholic oovicos, oloclionic ciicuil Loaios, ano spoils oquipmonl) ano lho
numLoi of jouinals ano iosoaich papois puLlishoo in lho lasl lwo oocaoos allosl lo
lho facl lhal lhoio has Loon a majoi ooil lo oovolop composilo maloiial sysloms,
ano lo analyzo ano oosign sliucluial compononls maoo fiom composilo maloiials.
1ho suLjocl of composilo maloiials is liuly an inloioisciplinaiy aioa whoio
chomisls, maloiial scionlisls, chomical onginoois, mochanical onginoois, ano
sliucluial onginoois conliiLulo lo lho ovoiall piooucl. 1ho numLoi of sluoonls
laking couisos in composilo maloiials ano sliucluios has sloaoily incioasoo in ioconl
yoais, ano lho sluoonls aio oiawn lo lhoso couisos fiom a vaiioly of oisciplinos. 1ho
couisos ooioo al univoisilios ano lho Looks puLlishoo on composilo maloiials aio
of lhioo lypos: maloiial scionco, mochanics, ano oosign. 1ho piosonl Look Lolongs
lo lho n··hnn.·· calogoiy.
1ho molivalion foi lho piosonl Look has como fiom many yoais of lho aulhoi`s
iosoaich ano loaching in laminaloo composilo sliucluios ano fiom lho facl lhoio
ooos nol oxisl a Look lhal conlains a oolailoo covoiago of vaiious laminalo lhooiios,
analylical solulions, ano nilo olomonl moools. 1ho Look is laigoly Lasoo on lho
aulhoi`s oiiginal woik on ionoo lhooiios of laminaloo composilo plalos ano sholls,
ano analylical ano nilo olomonl solulions ho ano his collaLoialois havo oovolopoo
ovoi lho lasl lwo oocaoos.
Somo malhomalical pioliminaiios, oqualions of anisoliopic olaslicily, ano viilual
woik piinciplos ano vaiialional molhoos aio ioviowoo in Chaplois 1 lhiough 8. A
ioaooi who has hao a couiso in olaslicily oi onoigy ano vaiialional piinciplos of
mochanics may skip lhoso chaplois ano go oiioclly lo Chaploi 4, whoio coilain
loiminology common lo composilo maloiials is inliooucoo, followoo Ly a oiscussion
of lho conslilulivo oqualions of a lamina ano liansfoimalion of sliossos ano sliains.
Ioaoois who havo hao a Lasic couiso in composilos may skip Chaploi 4 also.
1ho majoi jouinoy of lho Look Logins wilh Chaploi ò, whoio a complolo
ooiivalion of lho oqualions of molion of lho classical ano isl-oiooi shoai
oofoimalion laminaloo plalo lhooiios is piosonloo, ano laminalo slinoss
chaiacloiislics of solocloo laminalos aio oiscussoo. Chaploi 6 incluoos applicalions
of lho classical ano isl-oiooi shoai oofoimalion lhooiios lo laminaloo Loams
ano plalo sliips in cylinoiical Lonoing. Hoio analylical solulions aio oovolopoo
foi Lonoing, Luckling, naluial viLialion, ano liansionl iosponso of simplo Loam
ano plalo sliucluios. Chaploi 7 ooals wilh lho analysis of spocially oilholiopic
ioclangulai laminalos using lho classical laminaloo plalo lhooiy (CLI1). Hoio,
lho paiamoliic oocls of maloiial anisoliopy, laminalion schomo, ano plalo aspocl
ialio on Lonoing oooclions ano sliossos, Luckling loaos, viLialion fioquoncios, ano
liansionl iosponso aio oiscussoo.
 1111AC1 AC A11 111SA 111A1CI
Analylical solulions foi Lonoing, Luckling, naluial viLialion, ano liansionl
iosponso of ioclangulai laminalos Lasoo on lho Navioi ano L´ovy solulion appioachos
aio piosonloo in Chaplois 8 ano 0 foi lho classical ano isl-oiooi shoai oofoimalion
plalo lhooiios (FSD1), iospoclivoly. 1ho Iayloigh-Iilz solulions aio also oiscussoo
foi laminalos lhal oo nol aomil lho Navioi solulions. Chaploi 10 ooals wilh nilo
olomonl analysis of composilo laminalos. Ono-oimonsional (foi Loams ano plalo
sliips) as woll as lwo-oimonsional (plalos) nilo olomonl moools Lasoo on CLI1
ano FSD1 aio oiscussoo ano numoiical oxamplos aio piosonloo.
Chaplois 11 ano 12 aio oovoloo lo highoi-oiooi (lhiio-oiooi) laminalo lhooiios
ano layoiwiso lhooiios, iospoclivoly. Analylical as woll as nilo olomonl moools aio
oiscussoo. 1ho maloiial incluooo in lhoso chaplois is up lo oalo al lho limo of lhis
wiiling. Finally, Chaploi 18 is concoinoo aLoul lho goomoliically nonlinoai analysis
of composilo laminalos. Displacomonl nilo olomonl moools of laminaloo plalos wilh
lho von K´ aim´ an nonlinoaiily aio ooiivoo, ano numoiical iosulls aio piosonloo foi
somo lypical pioLloms.
1ho Look is suilaLlo as a iofoionco foi onginoois ano scionlisls woiking in inousliy
ano acaoomia, ano il can Lo usoo as a loxlLook in a giaoualo couiso on lhooiy
ano¸oi analysis of composilo laminalos. Il can also Lo usoo foi a couiso on slioss
analysis of laminaloo composilo plalos. An inliooucloiy couiso on mochanics of
composilo maloiials may piovo lo Lo holpful Lul nol nocossaiy Locauso a ioviow of
lho Lasics is incluooo in lho isl foui chaplois of lhis Look. 1ho isl couiso may
covoi Chaplois 1 lhiough 8 oi 0, ano a socono couiso may covoi Chaplois 8 lhiough
18.
1ho aulhoi wishos lo lhank all his foimoi oocloial sluoonls foi lhoii iosoaich
collaLoialion on lho suLjocl. In pailiculai, Chaplois 7 lhiough 18 conlain iosulls of
lho iosoaich conoucloo Ly Dis. Ahmoo Khooii, Slophon Lngolslao, Asghai Nosioi,
ano Donalo IoLLins, Ji. on lho oovolopmonl of lhooiios, analylical solulions, ano
nilo olomonl analysis of oquivalonl singlo-layoi ano layoiwiso lhooiios of composilo
laminalos. 1ho iosoaich of lho aulhoi in composilo maloiials was inuoncoo Ly many
iosoaichois. 1ho aulhoi wishos lo lhank Iiofossoi Chailos W. Loil of lho Univoisily
of Oklahoma, Iiofossoi IoLoil M. Jonos of lho Viiginia Iolylochnic Inslilulo ano
Slalo Univoisily, Iiofossoi A. V. Kiishna Muily of lho Inoian Inslilulo of Scionco,
ano Di. Nicholas J. Iagano of Wiighl-Ialloison Aii Foico Laso. Il is also lho
aulhoi`s ploasuio lo acknowloogo lho holp of Mi. Iiavoon Giama, Mi. Dakshina
Mooilhy, ano Mi. Govino Iongaiajan foi lhoii holp wilh lho pioofioaoing of lho
manusciipl. 1ho aulhoi is inooLloo lo Di. Filis Kokkinos foi his oooicalion ano
innovalivo ano cioalivo pioouclion of lho nal ailwoik in lhis Look. Inoooo, wilhoul
his imaginalion ano hunoioos of houis of ooil lho ailwoik woulo nol havo lookoo
as Loauliful, piofossional, ano lochnical as il ooos.
1ho aulhoi gialofully acknowloogos lho suppoil of his iosoaich in composilo
maloiials in lho lasl lwo oocaoos Ly lho Oco of Naval Iosoaich (ONI), lho Aii
Foico Oco of Scionlic Iosoaich (AFOSI), lho U.S. Aimy Iosoaich Oco (AIO),
lho Nalional Aoionaulics ano Spaco Aominislialion (NASA Lowis ano NASA
Langloy), lho U.S. Nalional Scionco Founoalion (NSF), ano lho O··n: 5. 1jnìì
·hn.: in lho Dopailmonl of Mochanical Lnginooiing al 1oxas A\M Univoisily.
Wilhoul lhis suppoil, il woulo nol havo Loon possiLlo lo conliiLulo lo lho suLjocl
of lhis Look. 1ho aulhoi is also gialoful lo Iiofossoi G. I. Ioloison, a colloaguo
1111AC1 AC A11 111SA 111A1CI 
ano fiiono, foi his oncouiagomonl ano suppoil of lho aulhoi`s piofossional aclivilios
al 1oxas A\M Univoisily.
1ho wiiling of lhis Look look lhousanos of houis ovoi lho lasl lon yoais. Mosl
of lhoso houis camo fiom ovonings ano holioays lhal coulo havo Loon oovoloo lo
family mallois. Whilo no woios of gialiluoo can ioplaco lho limo losl wilh family,
il shoulo Lo iocoiooo lhal lho aulhoi is gialoful lo his wifo Aiuna foi hoi caio,
oovolion, ano lovo, ano lo his oaughloi Anila ano son Anil foi lhoii unooislanoing
ano suppoil.
Duiing lho long poiioo of wiiling lhis Look, lho aulhoi has losl his falhoi,
Liolhoi, Liolhoi in-law, falhoi in-law, ano a fiiono (Hans Lggois) - all suooonly.
Whilo ooalh is imminonl, lho suooonnoss makos il moio oicull lo accopl. 1his
Look is oooicaloo lo lho momoiy of lhoso inoiviouals.
J. A. 1·JJj
Collogo Slalion, 1oxas
A|| ííaí í· noí gíxan í· |o·í