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The brain has 3 sections which form a unit on 3 diff. levels, from the top to the brain-stem .
. The brain has two sides. These sides are linked by an electronic and chemical relaysystem with millions of nerve cells.
. There are at least seven intelligence areas in the brain.
. Man has an active conscious brain and a subconscious brain.
. The brain controls instinctive behaviour such as breathing.
. The central part of the brain controls emotions.
. The upper brain enables you to think, speak, reason and create.
There are more than 100 billion active neurones in the brain.
. Each is capable of sprouting between 2 000 and 20 000 branches, known as dendrites.
. Neurones transmit messages to & from the brain along pathways known as axons.
. Each axon is covered with a myelin sheath or insulation.
. The better the sheathing of insulation, the more effective the transmission will be.
. The dendrites are surrounded by glial cells.
The two sides of the brain are discussed. Note how the diff sections process diff types of
info. This info is taken in through our 5 major senses: by what we see, hear, touch, smell
and taste. The processing of info takes place in diff areas of the brain. Ensure that you
know which sections process which types of info. E.g. The diagram in the book.The ff.
facts are important:
. Both sides of the brain are linked by the corpus callocum.
This link is responsible for the flow of information from one side of the brain to the other.
. The corpus callocum balances the incoming messages and links the abstract, holistic
picture with the concrete, logical messages.
The emotional centre is very closely connected to the long-term memory storage system.
That is why information linked to emotions is easily remembered.
. The medulla controls the heartbeat and respiration.
. The cerebellum is responsible for coordination and balance.
. The visual cortex is responsible for sight and is situated at the back of the brain.
. The limbic system is responsible for fear, rage, emotion, sexuality and passion.
Study your prescribed book carefully as it contains much more information which you
should know. It would
seem that all these functions and areas of the brain lead to three types of learning styles , namely
Most learners combine these learning styles To learn effectively, the ff. must be considered:
. how information is stored and made available
. how information is applied to solve problems
. how information can be applied to create new ideas
As a learner, its important to know how info is stored. The brain's ability to store & process
information This section deals with this ability of the human brain.
The hint is to start every learning session should with relaxation exercises.
The brain needs energy to function optimally & to create the necessary
energy, a balanced diet is essential.
The transmission of messages in the brain is promoted by a sufficient
intake of oxygen.
A correct diet to ensure that the brain functions optimally.
CHAPTER 4 LEARNING HOW TO LEARN
T Teach Others
H have fun & games
Marks Mind-mapping instead F Find 3 Books on Practical R Review & reflect
U Use linkin tools eg.
of linear notes
Achievers
Memory pegs
Get Get a coach or mentor A Ask
Set Set goals & deadlines
take course in Accelerated P Practise Often
E find Easy ways to retrieve
learning
Ready Relearn how to read
info
Reinforce with pictures &sound S Start with Big Pictures
L Learn by doing
S Seek out Main Principle
Go Go Digital
L Learn art of relaxed
S Start with lesson from
awareness
Sport
D Dare to dream
Do not take linear notes draw mind maps
Modern researchers believe that to store information successfully in the brain, one must adapt to
the structure of the brain. This structure is more or less in the form of the branches of a tree. You
will find an explanation of how to design a mind map in the book. Certain tips are given which will
assist you in mastering this method..
Get an enthusiastic mentor
To realise this goal it is important to find a mentor who shares your goal and
enthusiasm. If the person has different skills to you, form a team. Gain from a specialists
experience. Exchange skills & knowledge with someone that can enlighten you in your goal, teach
them something in return for what you want to gain
Set a specific goal and set deadlines
Decide what you want to achieve. Then set a goal and work towards realising this
goal. Break it down into achievable bite sized pieces, set realistic deadlines for each
step to achieve success.
Relearn how to read faster, better, easier
Very few people read effectively. The skill of reading with speed and understanding is
a prerequisite for successful learning. A number of hints are given here to assist you
in mastering this skill.
Reinforce with pictures and sound .
Learning can be reinforced if text is supported with pictures and music to convey the
the subject in easy terms so that you can understand the message. Learn from
peoples successful experiences first. As you progress, you can read more difficult
books on the subject.
Ask!
Never be afraid to ask. If you do not know, find out! Use information sources to
broaden your perspective & gain more knowledge, understanding. Use the internet,
times, pursue empowerment & time management, by learning the tricks to absorb
more information in a lesser time span.
Seek out the main principle
In every area you will be able to identify a main principle for success. Find them out
before filling in the details, e.g. in photography, the rule is not to take a picture more
than 4feet from the subject. Find out the rules & tips for success.
Start with the big picture
It is always important to know what the end product will be, like a jigsaw. It is easier to
work towards the end if one sees the whole picture first. By learning through subject
integration, youre learning about the whole picture as opposed to bits of it which cannot be related to
sister topics & defies the goal of applying knowledge in reality.
Start with lessons from sports
. Get a vision.
If the manner in which the information is stored in the brain relates to pattern formation
and association, it would be meaningful to apply these methods when recalling
information.
So use mind-mapping methods to master content & recall.
Combine this with the different intelligence centres by adding music.
Highlight key phrases & sub-headings, Re-skim immediately after youre done, & redo mindmap.
Learn the art of relaxed alertness
Most of the activities which have been recommended up to now, are targeted at the
logical left brain.
To use the creative side of the brain youll have to focus on achieving a state of ``relaxed
alertness''.
This is the alpha frequency, a stage also acquired through meditation or yogic exercises,
or deep breathing exercises.
Learning is best done on this frequency
Learn by doing
Use all your senses to learn. The theory of any knowledge must be followed by doing what
has been learnt in practice. Demand hands on experience with most things you study. Apply
what you have learnt.
Dare to dream and imagine your future
. This dream flows from the vision you have set for yourself. Do not be afraid to dream.
G
B
T
U
S
U
S
E
R
Gather facts
Break the Pattern
Try new combinations, & ask What if?
Use all the senses
Switch off- let it simmer
Use music or nature to relax
Sleep on it
Eureka! It pops out!
Recheck
BRAINSTORMING
Innovations