For an isotropic material under linear deformation, we have two independent material

constants which are E (Youngs modulus) and (Poissons ratio).

Hookes Law gives ;
=

(1)

And
1+

= (
Where

2(1+)

1+

= (

1+

= (

(2)

= (shear modulus)

And

= =

= =

Consider the case below combined with thermal loading;

yy

xx

zz
xx xx

xx

zz

yy

(3)

yy

zz
+

yy

zz

Then thermal strain equations become;

1
= [ ( + )] + T

1
= [ ( + )] + T

1
[ ( + )] + T

(4)

Combining equations 2 and 4 gives the following constitutive matrix;

0 1
1 0 0

= 0
0

0
0
[0
{ }
0

0
1
0
0 1+
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
1+
0

0
T

0
T

0
T
+
0
0

0
0
1 + ] { } { 0 }

(5)

Or inverting it one can obtain;

1
1 2

1 2

= 1 +

1 2
0

{ }
0
[ 0

1 2
1
1 2

1 2
0
0
0

1 2

1 2
1
1 2
0
0
0

0
0
0

0
0
0

1
0
0

0
1
0

T
T
T

0 {

}
0
1]
0
0
0

(6)

So that the thermal stress equations are;

=
=

T
[(1 ) + + ]
(1 + )(1 2)
(1 2)

T
[ + (1 ) + ]
(1 + )(1 2)
(1 2)

T
[ + + (1 ) ]
(1 + )(1 2)
(1 2)
=

(1 + )

(1 + )

(1 + )

(7)

PLANE STRESS ASSUMPTION ( = 0 ), given the boundary condition( = 0 ) and

assuming no shear:
Thermal stress and thermal strain equations for plane stress become;
1
[ ] + T = 0

1
= [ ] + T

(8)

1
[( + )] + T

T
[ + ]
(1 + )(1 2)
(1 2)

T
=
[(1 ) + ]
(1 + )(1 2)
(1 2)

(9)

T
[ + (1 ) ]
=0
(1 2)
(1 + )(1 2)

From equation 8.3

=

1
[( + )] + T

= ( + ) + T
= ( + ) + T

(10)

(Equation 4.1 in Simple Bree paper)

From equation 8.1 assuming = 0
=

1
[ ] + T = 0

(Equation 4.2 in Simple Bree paper)

From equation 9.2
=

T
[(1 ) + ]
(1 + )(1 2)
(1 2)

(11)

 =
=

T
[ + + (2 2 )] +

(1 + )(1 2)
(1 + )(1 2)
(1 2)

T
[ + ]
+

(1 + )(1 2)
(1 + )(1 2)
(1 + )(1 2)
(1 2)
=

T
[ + ] +

=0
(1 2)
(1 + )(1 2)
(1 + )

(12)

(Equation 4.3 in Simple Bree paper)

From equation 11 and 10
=

1
[ ] + T = 0

1
[ 0] + T = 0

= T
(Equation 5 in Simple Bree paper)

(11)

(12)

PLANE STRAIN ASSUMPTION ( = 0 ), given the boundary condition ( = 0 ) and

assuming no shear:
Thermal stress and thermal strain equations for plane stress become;

1
[ ( + )] + T = 0

1
= [ ( + )] + T

=
=

(13)

1
[ ( + )] + T = 0

T
[ ]
(1 + )(1 2)
(1 2)

T
[(1 ) ]
(1 + )(1 2)
(1 2)

T
[ ]
(1 + )(1 2)
(1 2)

1
[ ( + )] + T = 0

(14)

From equation 13.1

1
[ ] + T = 0

= T

From equation 14.3 and 13.2

=
=

T
[ ]
(1 + )(1 2)
(1 2)

1
T
[ [ ( + )] + T]
(1 + )(1 2)
(1 2)

T
[ ( + ) + T]
(1 + )(1 2)
(1 2)

(15)

2 [( + )] + T
T
=

(1 + )(1 2)
(1 2)

2 [( + )] + T (1 + )T
=
(1 + )(1 2)

(1 +

2 [( + )] T
=
(1 + )(1 2)

2
2 ( ) T
)=
(1 + )(1 2)
(1 + )(1 2)

(1 + )(1 2) + 2
2 ( ) T
(
)=
(1 + )(1 2)
(1 + )(1 2)

2 ( ) T
=
(1 + )(1 2) + 2

2 ( ) T
=
1 2

From equation 15 and 16

= T
=
[1 +

3 ( )
T

T
2
1
1 2

3
T
(1 2 )T
]
=

1 2
1 2
1 2

1 2 + 3
+ (1 2 )
[
] = T [
]
1 2
1 2
(1 2 + 3 ) = T(1 2 )
=

T(1 )(1 + )
( 1)2 (1 + )
=

T
(1 )

(16)

1
[ ] + T = 0

2 ( ) T
=
1 2
=

T
(1 )