Chapters 31-35 Timeline

1947

Partition of India Muslim vs Hindu conflicts: India promotes secular

state, which draws Muslim opposition Establishment of East and
West Pakistan mass movement of Muslims to Pakistan, Hindus to
India violence, death, rivalry Now: Rivalries for Kashmir
Truman Doctrine of U.S. to provide military aid to nations threatened
by Soviet takeover.

1948

Marshall Plan to help other countries recover from World War II

offered financial aid to all, but only accepted by Western Europe
successful
Creation of Israel: independent Jewish state. Continued Jewish and Arab
hostility.
Apartheid system in South Africa: rigid racial segregation of blacks and
whites; Homelands established: black majority fitted into small 15% of
all of South Africa. System used to maintain white minority dominance
over black majority. Huge human rights violations World Reaction:
ban South Africa from UN and Olympics and impose economic
sanctions.

1949

Establishment of NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization to resist

communism and possible Soviet aggression.
Establishment of the Peoples Republic of China: Communist Party
established under Mao Zedong.

1950-53

Korean War: North Korea attacks South Korea to unify the country
under one communist ruler. Communist Korea + China v Democratic
South Korea+ West armistice reestablish borders.

1954

North Vietnam under Ho Chi Minh and Viet Minh defeat the French and
control the northern portion of Vietnam

1955

Establishment of Warsaw Pact to counter NATO; alliance between

Soviet Union, its satellites and allies.

1958-61

Great Leap Forward of China; initiated by Mao Zedong and results in a

huge failure.

1959

Cuban Revolution to overthrow Fulgencio Batistas corrupt government.

Fidel Castro takes power afterwards and becomes communist, seizing
all foreign property and collectivized farms. He ends all

1961

Construction of Berlin Wall to prevent migration from East to West

Berlin

1962

Cuban Missile Crisis: Soviet missiles installed in Cuba Soviets agree

to draw them as long as U.S. promises to not attack/invade Cuba.

1972

Dtente: temporary period where U.S.-Soviet relations improve; SALT

to limit nuclear production.

1973

Arab-Israeli War: Success of Israelis in winning large amounts of land

Palestinians suddenly without a home.

1975

Fall of South Vietnamese government: All of Vietnamese under

Communist control.

1979

Iranian Revolution to overthrow shah, who promotes Western

incentives, raises womens rights and disregards the Quran Angers
Fundamentalists who overthrow him to purify Islamic society and
establish ANTI-West relations.

1980-88

Iran-Iraq War: for oil

1989

Fall of Berlin Wall

1990-91

First U.S.-Iraq War following Iraqi invasion of Kuwait for oil

1991

Fall of Soviet Union and end of Cold War; Falls due to nationalism from
Eastern European States Push for independence / greater autonomy
from Soviet control U.S. as sole superpower.

1993

Establishment of NAFTA between U.S., Canada, and Mexico to eliminate

trade tariffs and encourage economic activity between them.

1995

Establishment of World Trade Organization to promote global trade and

economic influences.

1997

Hong Kong transferred from Great Britain back to China.

Sep.11,2001 Terrorist Attacks on U.S. World Trade Center.