Apes- Chapter 20 Answers

20.1
20.1.1: Humans strive to be healthy, happy, and to prosper in life. This causes resources to be
diminished and can cause an economic downfall.
20.2
20.2.1: Market economies are determined by the supply and demand.
20.2.2: The supply curve is affected by how many supplies there are of a given product.The
demand curve is home much consumers buy of a certain product. This occurs because of the
amount of products produced and bought.
20.2.3: GDP only considers the production of the economy so it is an incomplete measure of the
society's wealth.
20.2.4: GPI takes personal consumption, higher education, resource depletion, pollution, and the
health of the population into account.
20.2.5: The Kuznets Curve includes the turning point of the environment, when the environment
improves and worsens.
20.2.6: Developed countries can help developing countries by developing newer technology
before the developing countries. This causes the developing countries to get the older technology
from the developed countries.
20.2.7:Microlending is when people loan small amounts of money to people in developed
countries who want to start a small business.
20.3
20.3.1: Natural capital is the resources of the planet, human capital is human knowledge and
abilities, and manufactured capital is all the goods and services that humans produce.
20.3.2: The flaw in the free-market system that results in market failure is when the economic
system does not account for all costs.
20.3.3: Environmental economics looks at the costs/benefits of policies and regulations about
environmental degradation. Ecological economics is full of components of ecological systems
that a separate field of study.
20.3.4: Valuation is the practice of assigning monetary value to intangible benefits/natural
capital.
20.3.5:A less sustainable system in based on increasing the the use of resources and large waste.
A more sustainable system is less taking of resources and less waste.
20.4
20.4.1: Environmental worldviews three dimensions is how you think the world works, your
view of your role, and what the best environmental behavior is.
20.4.2:
20.4.2.1: Anthropocentric considers that human beings have intrinsic value.
20.4.2.2: Biocentric say humans are just one of many species of earth.
20.4.2.3: Ecocentric say humans are equal values to other organisms and ecosystems.

20.4.3: Precautionary Principle states that if people wait for scientist to think of something, we
would run a high risk about creating an environmentally sustainable future.
20.4.4:
20.4.4.1: The UNEP gathers information, does research, and looks at certain environmental
problems.
20.4.4.2: The world bank helps developing countries with certain financial issue that help te
country get out of poverty.
20.4.4.3: WHO helps improve human health by looking over and assessing health by providing
medical advice.
20.4.4.4: The UNDP looks at change and help people through life issues.
20.4.5:
20.4.5.1: The EPA writes and develops regulations that go hand in hand wiht the Department of
Justice.
20.4.5.2: The OSHA is to make sure people stay healthy and stay safe.
20.4.5.3: The DOE attempts to advance energy/economy security of the United States.
20.5
20.5.1: The HDI focuses of life expectancy, knowledge, and education.
20.5.2: THe HPI is supposed to investigate a populations proportion from a country with a high
HDI.
20.5.3: Policy formation/amendment, Policy adoption, Policy implementation, Policy evaluation,
Problem identification.
20.5.4:
20.5.4.1: Sets regulations for certain emissions and they will be fined if to high.
20.5.4.2: Incentive-based approach is based on emissions profits and benefits and makes
incentives to lower these emissions.
20.5.4.3: A Green tax is placed on people when harmful activities to the environment are taking
place if they are trying to internalize some externalities involved in the life cycle.
20.5.5: Dr. Wangari Maathai developed the Green Belt Movement. This promotes humans to be
individuals and environmental well-being.
20.5.6: Environmental equity is that the resources on earth are distributed evenly and fairly.
20.5.7: Environmental justice examines equality among races/social groups to make sure they are
not harmfully affected by pollutants and other environment issues.