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Causes
There were many causes for the outbreak of the Civil War. Many people agree
slavery was the main cause for the war. In addition, sectional differences led to
conflicts. Northern and Southern states were developing different lifestyles and
cultures. Differences in the economic life of the North and the South also
contributed to the conflict. The Norths economy focused on finance and
manufacturing, and the South specialized in crops and agricultural trade. Southern
states also began to question the extent of the federal governments power.
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How does this painting, Tragic Prelude, represent the debate over
slavery prior to the Civil War?
Abolitionist Movement
The Abolitionist Movement was active
in Northern and Western states before
the Civil War. Abolitionists wanted
slaves to be freed. Some abolitionists
favored relocating them in Africa.
Many, but not all, abolitionists believed
African-American slaves should have
the same freedoms as their owners.
Southern states opposed the abolition
of slavery; it was a financial necessity
and part of their social structure. The
Souths agricultural trade depended on
crops produced with slave labor.
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A Divided Nation
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The Leaders
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The Generals
Ulysses S. Grant
Robert E. Lee
William T. Sherman
Thomas Jackson
George Meade
James Longstreet
George B. McClellan
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Strategies
Anaconda Plan
Union General Winfield Scott suggested the Anaconda
Plan to halt Southern trade. The plan would impose a
blockade. This would eventually enable the North to
control the Mississippi River. Meanwhile, the army
would divide and isolate sections of the South and
capture its vital cities and the capital in Richmond,
Virginia. Under General Ulysses S. Grant, the Norths
strategy kept pressure on General Robert E. Lees army
and constantly weakened their numbers. The larger
population of the North made this possible.
King Cotton
The Confederacy adopted a defensive strategy and
attempted to secure alliances with more powerful
countries such as Britain and France. To do that, the
South needed to show it could win the war. As a
result, the Confederate army attacked Union territory
to draw Union troops away from the South and to
impress potential allies. As the war continued, the
Southern strategy became one of evading the Union
army, prolonging the war, and inflicting casualties to
demoralize the North.
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canister shot
artillery projectile
rifled barrel
officers sword
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Uniforms
At the beginning of the Civil War, states provided uniforms to soldiers; and the
uniforms were in a variety of colors. This led to massive confusion on the battlefield,
and often soldiers fired on their own men. As the war continued, both sides chose a
single color for their uniforms. The United States of America chose blue, and the
Confederate States of America chose gray.
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Fort Sumter
April 12, 1861
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South Carolina
Virginia
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Shiloh
Tennessee
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Antietam
Maryland
Fredericksburg
December 13, 1862
Virginia
Vicksburg
Mississippi
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Gettysburg
Pennsylvania
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Wilderness
May 5-7, 1864
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Virginia
Cold Harbor
May 31-June 12, 1864
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Virginia
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Virginia
Surrender at Appomattox
April 9, 1865
Assassination of Lincoln
April 14, 1865