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  • Pseudo Copulation

    Transféré par

    Kunal Seth
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    Pseudocopulation Ophrys speculum, the Mirror Bee Orchid Pseudocopulation describes behaviors similar to copulation that serve a reproductive function for one or both participants but do not involve actual sexual union between the individuals. It is most generally applied to a pollinator attempting to copulate with a flower. Some flowers mimic a potential female mate visually, but the key stimuli are often chemical and tactile.[1] This form of mimicry in plants has been titled Pouyannian mimicry.[2] Orchids commonly achieve reproduction in this manner, secreting chemicals from glands called osmophores located in the sepals, petals, or labellum, that are indistinguishable from the insect's natural pheromones. The pollinator then has a pollinium attached to its body, which it transfers to the stigma of another flower when if it attempts another 'copulation'. Pollinators are often bees and wasps of the order Hymenoptera, and flies. The cost to the pollinating insects might be seen as negligible, but study of Cryptostylis (an Australian orchid) pollinators shows that they may waste large amounts of sperm by ejaculating onto the flower. Thus there could be antagonistic coevolution such that pollinators become better at identifying their own species correctly and orchids become better mimics.[3] Pseudocopulation is also used to describe close physical contact between mating animals which have their eggs externally fertilized. Frogs provide one such case, with the male releasing sperm as the female discharges her eggs, a process called amplexus.[4] Pseudocopulation is also used as a term to describe behaviours of birds that appear to be copulating but may merely involve mounting and could involve pairs of the same sex.[5]

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    Pseudocopulation Ophrys speculum, the Mirror Bee Orchid Pseudocopulation describes behaviors similar to copulation that serve a reproductive function for one or both participants but do not involve actual sexual union between the individuals. It is most generally applied to a pollinator attempting to copulate with a flower. Some flowers mimic a potential female mate visually, but the key stimuli are often chemical and tactile.[1] This form of mimicry in plants has been titled Pouyannian mimicry.[2] Orchids commonly achieve reproduction in this manner, secreting chemicals from glands called osmophores located in the sepals, petals, or labellum, that are indistinguishable from the insect's natural pheromones. The pollinator then has a pollinium attached to its body, which it transfers to the stigma of another flower when if it attempts another 'copulation'. Pollinators are often bees and wasps of the order Hymenoptera, and flies. The cost to the pollinating insects might be seen as negligible, but study of Cryptostylis (an Australian orchid) pollinators shows that they may waste large amounts of sperm by ejaculating onto the flower. Thus there could be antagonistic coevolution such that pollinators become better at identifying their own species correctly and orchids become better mimics.[3] Pseudocopulation is also used to describe close physical contact between mating animals which have their eggs externally fertilized. Frogs provide one such case, with the male releasing sperm as the female discharges her eggs, a process called amplexus.[4] Pseudocopulation is also used as a term to describe behaviours of birds that appear to be copulating but may merely involve mounting and could involve pairs of the same sex.[5]

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    83 vues1 page

    Pseudo Copulation

    Transféré par

    Kunal Seth
    Pseudocopulation Ophrys speculum, the Mirror Bee Orchid Pseudocopulation describes behaviors similar to copulation that serve a reproductive function for one or both participants but do not involve actual sexual union between the individuals. It is most generally applied to a pollinator attempting to copulate with a flower. Some flowers mimic a potential female mate visually, but the key stimuli are often chemical and tactile.[1] This form of mimicry in plants has been titled Pouyannian mimicry.[2] Orchids commonly achieve reproduction in this manner, secreting chemicals from glands called osmophores located in the sepals, petals, or labellum, that are indistinguishable from the insect's natural pheromones. The pollinator then has a pollinium attached to its body, which it transfers to the stigma of another flower when if it attempts another 'copulation'. Pollinators are often bees and wasps of the order Hymenoptera, and flies. The cost to the pollinating insects might be seen as negligible, but study of Cryptostylis (an Australian orchid) pollinators shows that they may waste large amounts of sperm by ejaculating onto the flower. Thus there could be antagonistic coevolution such that pollinators become better at identifying their own species correctly and orchids become better mimics.[3] Pseudocopulation is also used to describe close physical contact between mating animals which have their eggs externally fertilized. Frogs provide one such case, with the male releasing sperm as the female discharges her eggs, a process called amplexus.[4] Pseudocopulation is also used as a term to describe behaviours of birds that appear to be copulating but may merely involve mounting and could involve pairs of the same sex.[5]

    Droits d'auteur :

    © All Rights Reserved
    Téléchargez comme DOC, PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    sur 1

    Pseudocopulation

    Ophrys speculum, the Mirror Bee Orchid


    Pseudocopulation

    describes

    behaviors

    similar

    to

    copulation that serve a reproductive function for one or


    both participants but do not involve actual sexual union
    between the individuals. It is most generally applied to a
    pollinator attempting to copulate with a flower. Some
    flowers mimic a potential female mate visually, but the
    key stimuli are often chemical and tactile. [1] This form of
    mimicry in plants has been titled Pouyannian mimicry.[2]
    Orchids commonly achieve reproduction in this manner, secreting chemicals from glands
    called osmophores located in the sepals, petals, or labellum, that are indistinguishable from
    the insect's natural pheromones. The pollinator then has a pollinium attached to its body,
    which it transfers to the stigma of another flower when if it attempts another 'copulation'.
    Pollinators are often bees and wasps of the order Hymenoptera, and flies.
    The cost to the pollinating insects might be seen as negligible, but study of Cryptostylis (an
    Australian orchid) pollinators shows that they may waste large amounts of sperm by
    ejaculating onto the flower. Thus there could be antagonistic coevolution such that pollinators
    become better at identifying their own species correctly and orchids become better mimics.[3]
    Pseudocopulation is also used to describe close physical contact between mating animals
    which have their eggs externally fertilized. Frogs provide one such case, with the male
    releasing sperm as the female discharges her eggs, a process called amplexus.[4]
    Pseudocopulation is also used as a term to describe behaviours of birds that appear to be
    copulating but may merely involve mounting and could involve pairs of the same sex.[5]

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