@usaip BHO) sroarteneneoirone DISTRIBUTION BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND IT BASED SOLUTIONS Reference Book February 2006 DRUM Training Program DisTRBUTION REFORM, UPGRADES AND MANAGEMENT AUSAID Funded Program= USAID soporte teommemeeer sae aed TRAINING PROGRAM ‘TABLE OF CONTENTS: (Warch 2006) DISTRIBUTION BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND IT BASED SOLUTIONS 1. About the Course Relerence Book 2 Leaming Objectives 3 Pre‘raining Sof Assessment - Question Data Bank 4. Course Description 5. Course Theme Papers [nT Task Fores Repo for Pow Sector 6 Lecture notes atrbrion Automaton 1 Energy Accounting And Audting In Power Dtrbuton Systems Comprehensive GIS Platform Ih. Rel of GIS as Decision Support System in Pome Transmission Power Supply Quay Vi. Emerging Teehnologles for Distibuion Loss Reduction Wi BUSINESS PROCESS EXCEPTION MANAGEMENT ~ Gusiness Benefits of Technolegy Led BPR with Diing ae An Uvtaton, 7%. Case stu Te Triities : Consumar Analyse Tool |. Spot Bitlg in AP Diseoms WL Tintates in BESCOM, Iv. Thies in Norn Dali Power Lied Automatic Meter Reeding and Distrbuton Management - Study of System Requitement WL Reduction of TED Loss in CESC by IT based surveitance ik Bing at consumer premicos Vil Impact of Reduction in equipment faiae rates and Automation on reabty of Ditton fadUSAID orbs a te na i ne St ty HERE 8 Best Practices | Enanesd SCADA A tool for efiionly managing the Distrbuon Susiness| 4% Management Information System st Southem Power Distibuton Company of AP Lg. 1. Bost Pract fer Computerization ofIntgrted Inenory Management in GEE ‘Smoraing Developments [is aa and Tatermaton 4 Technelogy Development and implementation fr Power Distibution Automation ‘system 1. Substation Communication History and Practice 10, ila visit ‘11, Simulation and Demonstration Exercise 12, Referonces and Websites 13, Post-Tiaining Slt ‘Question K 14. Evaluation Survey 16 ore Revi 16. Answers to Pred and sau = Quest 7. Aditional material only on CO vt es ts oF Pracices of (and A ipton =A study of ‘cauremants for MEMKWY New f 8 [ BISCLAMER, The sure vows cxetedin is pubaton do ol vacesary ela ows oe ‘Une Sates Agana fr niematona Development rhe Ud Sane Gone Tayi extesud nhs pubtcaton do ot necessary reflect the ews of the Unto Snes Ageney {or iernatonal Devlepmen rth Une Sats Gone “ eee CORE att go mney@usarp ee es pm tn sag TRAINING PROGRAM ABOUT THE COURSE REFERENCE Book DISTRIBUTION BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND IT BASED SOLUTIONS Power distibuton refer Is widely viewed today a fundamental to improving commercial perormance and fnancal vi the poner sector in Inala. The Distibulon Reform, Upgraes nd Management (ORUN) projects «jt Mins of Poor (MP) and USAIDVinda inate [DRUM is aurened wih ts purpose of emonsatng te best commer, teehrongia, and ‘managerial pracoes in power dirbuton. The development of human rescuers hols the Key {o the suctess of dsbution reform. Accordingly. doe importance ts being placed upon Capacty bulking of Iran power ‘rang instutons (Tle) and sttengthening te cadre. in proviing sustainable Vaning programa to the dctrouton wlies (ISCOMs) snd the tata Fegulataty commssions personnel The ORUM Program envisages the design and detvery of 2 Sores of chor duration modular waning cousos inst woud focal the Waning of Some £20,000 ~ 25,000 uty personnel win te next four years. This couse reference book on the Managemen theme Distribution usinass Management and IT Based Solitons’ has been prepared under tbe program to facato the Tis to design and a. yes b. no 8. [T application would help in resorting to time ofthe day metering, which would help in shaving of the peak” 2 the . false The 1. applcation would help in racking the canibalized transformer fr proper Ublzation of repaired transformers, a. yes b. ne 10. GIS mapping is necessary for beter and optimum network panning? Pais ee ORE eae [iiin | nmeQYSAID zener ane AR 11. Has there been any effort to bring change in your erganization in dealing wth the customer complaints? a. yes b. no 12,The senices are deteriorating day-by-day as the eaming isso low, Does this ‘situation makes you think Tat there is need for IT application in your ‘organization a. yes ». false 18, Refurbishment of the clstrbuton system is necessary before dletbution ‘automaton can be taken up a true ». no 14. Have you read the Electrcty Act 2008 by Government of Inca? a yes b. no 15.Do you think thatthe present employees can leam and be useful in the new IT environment? a. yes b. ne 16 Performance measures are useful they are ured ahd menitored once in fve years ‘measured monthly and meritored monthly ‘measured occasionally ‘measured regula with the help of FT 17. Presently, how performance monitoring fs being done in your ergaization ‘a. MIS type writen 1. Computerized MIS ©. KPISIPMRS d._ VSat based PMRS through KPIs CORE thon Lo snrUSAID mnnittncatgentmteseattee rte 18.Benchmarking will be effective only when there is IT application in the ‘organization 2 tue b. false 19.Empioyee parcipation in planning, and implementing changes in the ‘organization ie amust 8. yes no 20:1 your opinion, what needs to be done as a top prionty in a slate utity or ltibuion company to improve its performance '. Developing and implementing comprehensive taining policy », Distribution system refurbishment © Customer ecucaton 4. tr appeaton ©. None CORE inte ae om ressonSs Disibuton Busines Manageme’ and Hea Sotsions put USAID oeatontanntermetnate, ae TRAINING PROGRAM — COURSE DESCRIPTION DISTRIBUTION BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND IT BASED SoLuTIONS Place and Date: Training Program Facilitators Training institutions CORE International, In. Training Program Venue TBD Training Program Duration 5 Days Target Audience Middle ard Senior Management from Uities and Distribution Companies Training Program Description Power dltauton rela is wie viewed toy 2 fundamen Improv commer performance Sed tral! vibty of the pone sara ica The enacnert of Ue Eecry het 2009 proven 5 {famawa fr ore compabve,Varepatert and carmersaly sven pewe ssa’ Several ie ahd Eistibuton somparis have then tape to improve tor peomante oy undeikng seve mescus ‘Sten as reducton of esl are eammerda! ses, improvement in wad manager reat Fieteeng, ing and colesion saruas,emansomar of tan towares te gusiy cece Sippy and ustomer ea, te Mowever, tare has bron lined suconeshretonaina ese harges ara austaring these improves oor 8 pened of ba The need sf he New ef Iatllsonate ie anges ana ng abot ger provements nto veal hath ot he ent The ‘moray ifomston systems se expected ty the eundason or stable ors Wn nec implomertaton of nermaton Tecnaogy (1) 26 a stony, te Dsteaton Compara! Uses ‘stony sorove ho sions pertrmancs on sstanada tan ‘he species cours on Ditton Business an IT Based Slions, ene a expse the paar mit based soitona for iprovngeicency eves he Dusness manogomen se Wolo custoret Leaming Objectives 4 Bulls awareness inthe iis 2 he need and nptance of T based sltons in Dssibton 2. Equp drbton mangers to pursub IT based Sppoaches fer Improvement In management Sflncy and customer sovees 2. Enligttn te paras wih good cose oxamplstate stses on tow severe haveQUAP seems AY Training Program Module No, Module lems to be Covered Faculty "| isbn toons —1->— Bava Sak tama ad Unboing a Sediesuen ‘Sate Eecaty Bosnds, yt {Bic At 2008 ang Detbtin Sect 4 Role Of lect Reautary [emesis wth ape! a Obuton 1+ Neesfora Congrenensve Tsang Petey and ating Pane Dian Uaioe | Oreniow of Berton Busnes ant ays | mt Fay ‘tution Buses Commercial and operators prtemance Regulatory Requirements snd opr Cstorer Sevens Mimi Human tetas oor data qty ‘Adie! Long den making eres Need iri based leven ond sppieatone + Srpaniatonsl Change Management Aplestone 2 Mensgonet atin Sytem iT 3 |r Syena bay | Dabouton Netwerk Indo tenders Sd Warorme + sane suvatance fords Piterage ct power ‘Assets Menacement | Syam oreneay ay2_ | conseaton arose easton + These ene sesining a ene store sing “Trantomar wise fr energy corsnraon Bir Siena Fnac Maragemant nt Dey | Revenue Relation dows eucton | 5 | Roane 7 Geteton kom siby pean a {+ Opersten anager ay2 | iantenaes 1 Giage Management Systems Detrbuten Neworks |< Sor euply maily a obily 1 Senice Comations Matera management 2 E-Procuanet TT enabiod trance cco some Systeme high rvenue custrers ‘Sash management system 7 [Sasa Sas ona ays | Tineraes ‘usiomer heron Sytem Ireracave Weta wih exsomers Ineracive Voce Raspensa Syne nie tng dente far astomers| Cistonareare/ Gat Cotes, Gusta Aaiale Tools Customer Saietaton “Space tor Insti sconeUSAID ie ergata Th No. Module Toms tobe Covered Faculty = Sane Ran | + Oven eines endo ays. | ngandctecson Prepadretors SpattingMand eld meter, beg and secon ‘Gre it pamens ‘Adon er Resa Stns Inert meting, bir and eaecton rien 3 | TRIES ES | +t once oponsin ee cays. | managerent ereleer pet apres rect, Iplenenaton and motiorog oteare meson poet oes spplstora 0] Case Ser ont ‘Tostow to paisa ow he bad ay | bees Datinson Sytem se help utes in ere Nwor Ianageneat fdabutonbushers \hathove ben fhe ganaaciewerenis 7] Fad Vato Cosamar [+ To stow ete are Cal Coe! CShtomers grant re sop ays | Gismer Sine tangas etre stscsen “Tomote paras neonmers Suveyto eaten poner aR, ‘ua ane rey ‘oat of sirvey daar nteaton ot tox ; ‘ial sed tion tan a ‘To show te partipars be Sevens ons | cuaneinomten |" om keen Syn a ‘buon wy TE, [Shara pias) Eas pari i peaaa he onys |owaeperereesontt |" geste date of Peed ete Secupecseesnter | flowadinns uty, an wien bced ‘especie es Sto have poral remeron inbe unt Cntatdaton cf atpston rseratons 1. The dzaton cf tie trning cous § dey. Hower, the lame in some of he mecould irk con be ended or thronad Sy te waning nstaon for prope Soverage Of fhe (Se patiog wuld be of 40 mus craton flowed wh a contort Brak of 10 minutes, ‘Toa woud marmaly be 8 pers ma day wth neh break chor pees (ne teats baa for 2d rntea a each oa day v2 emacs sero) Space Be Inet Fo te a SeemUSAID omntsmertameemane nn EA ‘TRAINING PROGRAM DISTRIBUTION BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND IT BASED ‘SOLUTIONS Course Theme Papers tL Task Force Report for Power Sector ‘Disclaimer AI The aides 7 papers and reference maleval used in he Roterence Books ae fclusively for use under USAID 7 DRUM Training Program. The Reference Backs include ‘Several papers for which CORE sought and receved writen peizsn Yom the respocive authorstcpy fight holders fr use ofthese papers enly forthe DRUM Training Program. Any ter use of these relerence book materials ether in ul r part by any porson er organization / Insti Te net authorized and any one dong 20 should obtain neceseary permission by concerned aubore/copy fiat ho CORE intentions | rouQUAD meee TRAINING PROGRAM DISTRIBUTION BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND IT BASED SOLUTIONS IT Task Force Report for Power Sector By ite Force Enter ere [tte | aIT Task Force Report for Power Sector Submited by IT Task ForceTable of Contents seer Chara, Io Pome tet Eno hse = igen aor ts. _ « Sectdtay mom —= ‘gated Big Spon Lge Cl Coss. pated yon ob Peano hie Conard seme rie cry Tsao ca ane, ‘eto Gana tee We Pa : Serene Baro dep Onan aes auwannes aba 2Foreword by the Chairman sd ansin Deer bee Testo LinasCopter Teper sation exotic Bl Peynent a Prsernent Energy Magi Stm (Geosrptiermation Syst Xi Wt hau (nit eet zane Mage Wi (ton Ws of over (pil Character Region sobre ‘aye tonagonart Str, Pare Mantas erect Misagenent Sys Supervisory Cera and Data auton Sytem ‘Sie ley Board (Skteawned por dition “rte Ca Manager SytemExecutive Summary Introduction Wie Iode Nas mate improve soess in te Powel Secoe thee tering ob, The nar eae lhe wing Gupte een Inset chan te gneraon compris Pave ft found tcp roar tha ans te te Sgn tapers, mary be Se Hooray Boas (Se) [SE stl huge tanc sees every yoo us © po ak mcsachee Faces of lng ‘sre clocion Appar, Pe sees have fac ot Ile. ear at te igo oon se hampering heist of he Ind Power Sonar he shear chine rel ot Framsson sh linn F29) Sete trun 9 25% ary gh ely any senda Toa ne tet oa ° * bn ston ne deen syst nnd fn shelter. lew preatciy, reget rerupren incu on poo vege Evie, oe tender hangs ar mptave tho wong oe per cis erie orien von ofl sso nd uy pow igor The rtm procs ain pens sol sale unk he eat (pidarco of Mob. keaed at bg abet cote meres he {ercons of ules ard ang em vaio nase. Th lems hare eration voupaerey lt oeabn snd evel Gatame son Weve ins Se Poe Geion = igh-Level roadmap ) Implemertaten of infomaon tehwcosy woul be: lngtee, and the tne, Serefts ard navenages ects ony Ieugh duped wage oder te znidones and conmirer tthe tare avers dations hign eae cane ‘ins ms be devered wih ley measurable banat ©) lose deployment of infarmation tecnolgy by disuion companies woud Ste pend *Improna We resposvenee fhe scare ad! se camped !moroving he ova quaty of ata used ormelementng te yams * Setea commie nd oxmeatip oped te ches ang them ecco fr nplomoing ara ofan he new scenes Proving adequate taining and ensong pose to erbance ne sis * Prong as evented dein making enterTT Strategy and Plans. {doo thobanats fom ivomatonesnlgy The IT saepy sn plane wi peed {ecard several spent es 1 The over buses tatogy and ocd 1 seralchangosteperations 1+ Pent cangeswinaisny stucurs (e.,dagategaton of Sebuton bane ntowwres bosnets and ifomatan ncnoly) 1+ Leveraging ein Fiesta apeatons ‘Te phasing ofthe ivestmsnts ll aed to be dven bythe buses pie ans ‘The T erty an pan wl nce eae on + Apion archocte Dit sonore Inasucurereqirenars~hardareand newer Tergansaten, processes, pales ard sandads Lt of bsiness-T tates poet as mpertaton lan rhe ‘Sppeatone fo bo uted the eganieaton over a poted of ime % 1+ Investment equement rd ta phasing “Te above wi fom he pint for Tsien fe hereto poseble, under the overt guidance cf MoP, to propa a cormon IT tatgy and ovr pan Ts contend tens and crea pan can then Be septa by iw utla, ctoiang for Rov specie needy, king Tae Stennt he Pceimans a bones ‘As anes, fnsonalspeceatns fr ley apoeaton ned tobe cavloped {lng to accourt caret procices and pearl tsiess changes. Aga oo case SIT etaegy ana pans, te Satons speiestons cal be Seveloped for the Bialnes wth coch ily making sperse etangee for mowing Uie ujue Phasing considerations ‘von the enormoue megs ofthe efor vated and the long tain nthe Srleretton of renin dew redo fw hee investments that woud mean proitisig te infates In order of RO and picung the and longterm ITiaes. The IT aopicaons have Seon eed note Seng ‘our caogoroe: 7 paraqustes ~ Tobe etablshed Seto slow ilementton of submenu T sppestons+ ovances sppfcaons ‘he folowing fg groves an nate road fr secon unr the fur tego. The eos neat the creton toe ellowed Song te esos tivo and ent deployment am seonasry 1. easton is done fo atta! SEB ad some SCP caus rove faster on Icleertaton ofthe apeeatons 2 The specie cope ov inplomanttonepproch or esch SEB hos o be decen 3 Ae integrates finan and casing backbone is eye f support ats char ‘Space tat wuld bo oer opin hotoeae Prorequisites The fotonng arene peered base requremerts: 1 Develorent of custome estatase to prove tomato evr appcatons eaonin g haed speach tring win 1h er lone by Asst vero and Gi mapping nparal!rmpleerig mest ong‘Short-term — Quick wins Foe shorter IT newenton, pty hous be gen tothe ute of (Tn commer ‘oy objective of the IT eatiton should be to mininise hurnan interface in commercial process inode to mime Hanan ere and chances wl sakes, Poy 1 etegrted metering, lng ae cole syste ‘These apoleatons can be imported ina phased manner snd wl equ Iss Medium-term — High return Having started an he uk wn aes, ho ong orm srs woud cover ore busiass| Dresses For mato ling Would bo eoanded to coer a suse’ gps, ‘own futher to 2 comorehenave comer nfratan stm. Grodusty fhe sepia al cre, ncnaly wat by nna Sonten, ese, a Ipleentedm porta Heteral menagernert and suppor pocesnes (cusns0 H Fanos Accounts et) Weald bef anbledin is pace. Advanced applications. the preceding phases. For instance, mabe eld force soln canbe bull only ater "stahing 2 syst ‘ee management fad sores orders (end asian si Scscednaboses oven salen. Cauaness sldion us de came: sol senie rw grocirernnt requ the GS, 6h, tos 19m pace By thi tne, the pial appteaton portoio at = ben ity wot bok Semebing aes: Se ee Gus orn St 6c Sid so EPP onl i Tir Sent [Set son nea a ‘ik Poon aa OMS) TENS, NS | colesterTNRTCTI us [ts SouDA Tesh cance [Saat Fas Kamat A] [ERP Fin & Aco HR, Procurement EAN, Decision Support Data Warehousing, Workflow Manaaément|Phasing illustration ppt sles forinplmention cod be father shes, ping he ip impact areas fs and gradaly eerang to oh areas Sho phasis cok Doplesion netenaty + Googe + castorertype ‘An station c petite phasing long varius derenslons is proies baon Inustaton of Implementation phasing sing customer sorvice a an example Programme Management Framework Key implmerason sues require a ce end consent dkecfon. The entre Inglett shuld be hace on wet arteaated busines a TF abaegy is nde sabes shoud havea holst view to costs synesy botosn bishess at FR Enghass_ shuld be ld on opens howe ppraacn foods he Sachtecnre + Apleatons Setar management ‘Tse aas shouldbe globally standrdeed fr The npr 387 defen deployment, 068 such a IT aciectre, bul va. buy, th bushes ede IT Architecture sefere md hardware applications norer'o raion eae Plegrason dee ‘Stopon. The oher resamrended fcr Robust and sell to suport lage vl of ransaetons Deployete in manage pisos depending on be aly eho SEB osteo poco mplemarai SS1 Hp greta apptcatons that ar sale and edanble with th hep of 1 ier arontarir or easy moioatos to businesses, hgh sealabity and Ir wor nen tonew patos 1+ Adoptie sta intactucre for vendor independene and aon craw ‘mtn + Consistent intesrvcue to suport calabraton, communication std Ioroporoiy 1+ Optimum ieaafonsentecue omininite he inact on sing yaar + Neterk sees bases.on ope ard vendor neural riecs emet ‘hang bates requremens + Aungtcten rd autotest aed css tte natin depen + The communtaon peocl f meter mer ne. The conitee rectrmends at some sand sould be covelopd fr conmaricaon proton meters. 1+ Te supa he bat rate applications SEB can depley LAN, WAN, VSAT and eal cate fre nebo or egret , Data preparedness, Data preparedness han to sepsis, namely data model concptaeton snd lrglemetaten and octal dla foputon For examga, whe toting at cloner ‘agement yom, th Ky rogue ical customer cation fom fave o be reviewed anéupted, The quay of dala scos th lis nt po the andar. The process of review an pasting may ree suet one ne The data destoymen stay shou am or an intgited lometon bctbors (We pe cupicaten of das aves varius components * Design of einer database coud be governed reauements fine, Cleon onary aceoonting,oiage management The dtabare dean can eve canstont nd commen estoner deiabase (Ownership considerations ‘Asa pat of nang te I avategles and plans, te dtuton companies nay ‘eo to assos te omereip ops rave varoes campers nang “Te crnrias need o assets o halen ey wil buy, deploy ard operat he {nuvons on their om Gavera aco: ned 19 be seeerseg wile mang thees ‘ecane,ncuangCont and secur sss Abity fo manape he slain Abily manage vendors Business Models for IT Implementation ‘Tis ton gosta win cee funding modal or iglomerttin, which ave Selo succes deploy the reconmanaatons, As weld eo Sop {5 folament hese intaves based on ony apr maser, recommends ‘at SEB reer varor buna rows ‘Modesto inplomert these iitatves The “Gusinces Vabily Moos? es weetek ‘Pret Mose oft npiematiaton can rest ina wth ston for Sate Seo rT companies, Monee, the tara mpteaiors of hese meas Fa eee taedin deal before erbating upon an often hy soo ears ease be fone by verous ston rovers to avr soa cf Nove ose se oes pency woul tealy havea tha regard conte ‘Sms poste business models o be enpled for IT mplmeraion are Sacused ‘Service model ‘SEB8 could outsouten cetan cerdcas he meter reading and bling. Seve emmparis woud invest nT appicatons for peromng eve aves, S85 coed sake porment an a pa customer bass IT conparis cols too peers Gene ‘Amctons by imeamaning he equred ssi a appietons ‘Ths cot would be based on serve levi ad nt on ingrovernt in revenue zc hen pros leas incre for ern companies vent haters Sees (ETEares mot invest on thei own in systems to feduon eat Sf operatne ai prove enc. Investment mode ‘SEDs could ak IT companies to implement IT systems to share te bones of (nprowed parsrmance, The een er companies hoy oo men ine a bu tora could bw enc ik due to nen payment of des. compsrcs hee Dulin gal causes nb crac gas fx para Sy poet ot Seas theese cou sed toilet cer Fissanes en Seed FO BOOT mode! ‘his model a sintae to BOOT made! being used in iasbucturs projects. Hee, ‘ov! sed could mate invert et th ears Svea ber pes ne eed [eo apateaie fo leone pce, 2 int oceean etaCerin lvl of intra or aes tng woud etl be requte to arage the fare programe, Tis request hes today become a busnaes mora and Sift ain age at Su eg Sede ts et ae ‘ang sgences uch ab PFC, Waa Bark. ot, shuld Ink prtrmance pane ‘rough lates to he una dburserent This aud el bate coneient {fom S886 od otha extent th mplmerars foo weld be mga ard tng ‘soz lo fs wuld be eater and alge Wh ort Organisation Plan A ey eeu 1 bo adessed Inte ene IT rosdrep ed transom wads be the ‘ganzatona and process ctange maragimer. ey henge of bs magnitude Alopenis upon te eb ils Identifying internal champions and stakeholders consensus Changes of ts magitude wit need ho cata per of Champlen” who ae bth fespoted and pows “Chane” wil see be arsed among he proses ‘mers. The hoy woul be" secre coment and eunaronp ter hese humpione and sncoraging the to seas comments of owen oth he ‘Sige parol ne open ‘Sustained leadership commitment Ladera nas to prove stained comment thoush the entre couse ofthe lrglomertlon ard shang Contant has to be shown tovarcs bang 2 Nah Devlomance ergarssion snd bestr-oreea processes The eraneaon shud Eto atv and ran the st of he ane manager alors manage and ke fSrears ne vanetion Realigning responsibilities and authority eter reading and bling can be cenvaized at ie Gicle level, Divisione ord sub Sissy ey be responce for mete tleten charge In mle, feepersatee and author and heres change power aquasoe win he ‘Srganuaton anagem obs change woud be a era enon for usr. ‘Change management Large sale IT inplernritons ig about 9 changain tho way he enployos werk Sty yo dd St cree A Rear ge Frgomerted sym wil ge maragers tho esen they seed to take Qood Tsineas dectens bu bw etd he. deeons w ave to Se taken y the ‘manages king tho de. People to aria wout have access rebut, grated Inermate that weld enable theo prove bt eric he consua bt they oedo be aligned touse he data aresen ain,Competency buit IT eons is rot sdequaten business pearance inproverent Ale of empha hes {2 be plced on bulaing competenooe tnd aloo wel ag shop nanooee Processes hav to shit oa wore gear. Poose shold bees hat ony fr Inising te ansion bt alsa fr ssa ‘Solution Provider Selection and IT Governance ‘he Uiles host be facintod in the process of secon of sclengroviers vovgh an acceatan ply abe rasa ire Portes a cain aes the fel of techies ‘oma, franca and ject anager sens Bund in conan with NASSCOM fo octet vorouscgerces tor fost {ako up te execuen werk. Te slun poidrs shad bo Sone Joserany ‘pon the ype of busitess model nd setion proving caption hey eae ewever te commits suggest tat esol prot shous hase + Quatycenseston sue 2 180. Cth ete Indust krone + Proven implementation mahodseay * Charge management methedeloges and proven crederls ‘The commie rcorimends matin vew ofthe high acne cant, the biking ners steulé have nighor weghag eco caps ‘ay SEB! uty cou then ne actin fom he acest agencies or specie otk and inmesoty enard corre baend on tit evalua Ths woud sare ‘drab tine a form pre-qalcatn, ee, and woe fut omy oe I cbnered tat egatnce of SEBS in IT Is linitod and they lick intra ape ss ofnom nn ovine: + Develo contact ramen 1 Asossng the eal of campeon eauced of soon prover + Evasion of ase tide + Project management eapabiies {hee ne to esalsh an tice protes for sition provider salecton, oon i esems, gs cop manapemart and Compe: oar stapene Imossurabl cose objectives shou ley the gps ana westneeses he Drcoesies belore planning IT sauonsAteraivey, SEOY shoal ee Pe annette eld be icuded inthe rept for vais Seto and enna, 1 Te ot a rin aOperations and Maintenance ‘un tha same, This cen bo daneit-house of canbe utseued In ether af tha cases hare woul be a nae ocean organiaton wih capaci fo aac nd ret ‘ray constr ting up 3 common sry. whan Wi Sipgon and secs athe ‘openie.This cables dete to att plot Bl eustoers and Ehuay Acca Sytem ~ tegrated Bing Sytem er nceIntegrated Billing System for Large C&I Customers customers fo eliminate scope for tampering and menipution and Pus Improve ‘Slectn (Ca ent consibte more tan 70% craven) (Current system and its limitations The obonng Hare shows a ypc cueritng syste ms hen ey ‘res anus, hrc reaegy scgeca BEsston nmery places bie clos mousy + Lengel reg, ing dole cn ak poses + Update of paymentnomaton is layed ard eceabes repo hae song ‘iw nee 90 ea) + Pooe tacking of eeevates ie oman! ystere 1 Resid rporing and analy cepailos due 0 manu {Lack infomation rl up te celsen-maing evel Proposed system Objectives‘sea comparisons can be ued fr motvabonlpusoses + Facltaeferenl ping by oa act, in oy, day eck, pe ‘ersumotion even cul consumption ad mnitioe peak eees a sit been fis rienapemantto consume wih bones ea ins, ‘The proposed ystems tated below. alia ae Soe Ease Proposed bilting system = * Mapa te aay ii coe te acorn oer ‘ies in sation for met enang cave neck ie *_Netwering ~ Connecti between avon offs and el fice Setwars develope Solvions inplmentton (sara Bing Syston for C8 conor) 1 Deneop an veto frets beatont a prepare ameter rag oe plan + Develop setabase of customers wih nme cation ad adace ‘Devi ting erin to genre end pana Develop ARIAP sytemThe bsiassiterocon gram ofthe ropsed eye hen blow eT > ___ cone runctionaumy ne | Maupin ee | aime sie entoten "| Hopman" PREREQUISITE FUNCTIONALITY Proeetplen for an integrated Eling System+ Rofout ts assumes a program sat oof Men ‘+ Meterinstataton, connect ane hardware purchase by Month 2 Enorgy Accounting System Current systom and its limitations 1 Meters ae insta 33 fooders an tse cas on 11 KV feeder 1+ Meters are atid st eels "+ Total energy outta Cele kaon asuay burt he lene sl, because my of ie ators ae ose * neta loses st arent stage fsb ranemstan and distbuton are not oun + Energy acoouring hss red manutyn some pices, bat wth accurate data * uel cotton, the cori natictve ae resonalty can abe Proposed system Objectives * Ossininornaton abut snes apt a ear al at varous slags of sb lent areas igh esses eet fr fowrup acon Upon aig. ts re comngon a ews i oo Scope + Isa meter 2534 onde TRY foes Tao 1+ Separate unmetred customers and sul therm om fren atoms 1+ Sippy point contcaton Map customers to resporive Ts "Bul conmunieaton chanreio anster dt rn he irs too cv! mete ‘easing cont asa Tron tearyeee TE =_ 1 Carat os Transmission & Ditton ‘Metre and communication sytem {oy (R89 por, essing meters 6 not hve ve pr acy aed ved ‘Slppot for ugradtin nat wate + Exist motor can robe used boosie + Remo readings pestered ver dowion aly tough handed device + emote ose yf te tangng tng eno ees ‘der oa SRY fader ive and te evelPiast >> ia ‘CORE FUNCTIONALITY [i ssi Acainton nny PREREQUISITE FUNCTIONALITY Rout dete assume a progam sat do of Month + tetera, cones and hardware purchase by Ment? Cost-Benefit Analysis The cot and berets of molonening these two lust poets rowed Ia {akan by SEBe based on the information svalale tom these systems, |IT Task Force This sharon dlscasas the eriealty of an figent Manager hom Syst (Ul) fo the poner tat setting he beet seaoe et mn | few an reormendteneMorapement Ifrmation Stem (i) fer he power sete stault previo reat "erate a varcus decson-natng level, The MS shoud bo able ato Isomaten fer gs manspamen and col for antring aguas karen ommesion af ober conta agorcee lke GEA and PEC, and ‘or ileal management S80 For SEB manogomert, MIS shoul provide relevant bematon a each ee the igen n'a ty nd aaa aver The Sle hd aay lower level to higher tvels pay meas ana in batch mode. The realne "norman few roqares nto win tho cgersaton, Benefits of MIS 1+ Abit of acct ans nay efomaton 1 fecive mactanam orden supra rales reste decislr-neting (uch od planning are demand rmaragerr). + enties poste areas energy os (trough ena cf consumgtin and bg pate). 1 Transparenyinarintraton + Aide sata planing nares auch ai eretring ad management ‘ns on heevence ane fran haath ot he crgareaion MIS for the Power Sector MS should ako care ofthe vaying infortien requraments fer nontxng and tlesetaemaking a elerent eae ie heracy. Seas, nae daa penttd, ttm hs wt ot be ofan splat sx, iS thas rk ly ver he rant Intnaten but also car male spas of to buioss Mis fo power ser ll Include temaion on Iarcn operatons, Stem ssiarhon sr doweopmen The erasure of MIS shoud be SED-epeciic to adress the dternoee ln Sheuld be govans encuph lo proido slandars sen at he aoa! eval A Surmaiced tamenosk oan Ws a prasarieg Mer, ch can Bote fs the foods of space SED, Fpure bol shows 2 Ngh tv vew of te MS requremons end Now towards {hae reaarents fom the bainess perme so shows rorarents o ‘hectveuenctihe msNote: The suagestod MIS suc I for inemton elated lo ect ctbton ty and hance es et contain MS roquemans: er Senraien set a ‘management tower, te subsaton ie! wana canbe nave a Se, {sed on i ae Information Requirements for SEBs / Uti Fer proving iniomaton, we need to disnaish bet ‘maureen and he parody with eh hay need seo hs earaon ins bow gs te iforatn requtemans ft seme hoy seas a aie eet ‘Menagerie in SEB. Ay paioaaty agra ers nlm oe oie So z | Sa RRA DE aT P| ai weeny | Woe ay sil Onty Tweedy | Daiy7weehiy | Monihiyquariaty (tires vss [eis ny uomnpraenee rent lve, tc MSs meant or both to bens and exten uses, Some exams of exenal ‘tere ofS ae ReguntorGoraarsion and sue apse Ine GER aed or ener cates are Ie ferent evs of ppl Ses. Th ahs fine ‘oi aa aa ape eee oreo {ce Paves en pa a Tope ‘dete Sar Chacon & a] ec Speen albus pon, ome Piece FE) Econ wt oe ae ae? a ee oie ey |[ sees al Ese Zonal! Circle ‘evel intrmation an es ae oe, A) eee! gg Si oe 5 sauna Se Corac scraper eso . isin eveeee eT ts mgementaon oqure ta manapemant ad nla along: > leantiydefconsos nthe exsing system by anang he dts 1 Soto clang fer egg nerovemerts inthe astm Recommendations for MIS: + Thee shoul bo a commen ramen forthe Ms for eae of consctn, Irieeraten required other agents th replay corms an aher ‘ane agenieske Cex and PFC. Hawever, th yee eho locate tine Spee poring rexatrarc ofeach Seb ona ncn fal eps ‘ehaustive, Each uty chould design fight of measures based on ts epect ‘uremaris. he season of fie soto pofomance messes neo depends ‘errors, while sil required, ray not be 2 impotat as managing bad debts, + Data acauston snout preferably be whet human eterna far as ‘manta rennin afr pecessrg of ge aroun ata Tho elven ataIT Task Force Mandated Focus Area 2 = Customer. Benefit App ibe cutters et exposed to obi coneiee 8 wala treroied sens furans ts te expecta als For the sneay eas ses care hg RS ‘sods neceesniad mandating the tsk es to ous on custorer esol mie (sing the I roadmap w aloes Meher pry te cara arplesions ta ‘Decisis ner his tayo in ok at he npn Saves and dadsWhat Does the Customer Want? The hoy need of he customer ae dpi nthe figure baw. These nee to Bethe ciate ‘Toa senon lo cians hears manned ee fee ond be + Quay and ret of =p + hecuray ofaContent hang Prof site sop eagle Applying IT to Meet Customer Needs send on th pecaing scion on undrstndng citomerneads andthe Key faint tobe adesaed in rr to fal eis teade te mon eo "elo the SEBs to move nts decton ean be anwed a These =e tac ne ae Tre loplereraton of these inliives ts ded rio fre tne and pety buckets enable SEBS o aces gu winning on ‘Quality and reliability of supply {us and roitiy of upey canbe inpsove wt proper systr minerance and ‘ste scion on olnge comps. For ina eeie Son ihe ore es Imontored on & real-tie bass. Ta fel re efomaton were, ta Oe es Erczmad(trbiton pots snare of ay brakdann / spon se ee Sze coeur, The coer alte wh any avons heed pe gees ed ard termed oto cute oa posse atage 2 wel 95 the Sere Shraen, Ti ests roma act and beter Goats flere Poems ae sneha pptcabans mich can hepa 1 SCADA\e stat wih and than prosrssing ostinato * Quiag ana work management ye cing rele eal management sytem (orto revert of ages {1 (Cesare frmaton System) for ientijing ares and equipments {GBS Culm ination Sysem) ein inet phone, calor se "+ IVR fr complains and eal ack on etoraon ot sep ‘Accuracy of bills ‘Acurey of tls can be inpcoves by interning beter msteng tecnaoges, ‘ekg ecu reacns, by avating manta sven and soca fe ay ‘roves. The low appicatng canbe used or ey Meter easing itrtae with ing spans * Bling appicatone Payment mechanisins smarts sr curenty made in person in moat ofthe paca Onn few pce, ayers can be mode oni or trough the ATM. SEDs shoal Sa hoe + Prepaid meters 1 Bercosing fact even when payment i radein parson, orate paymens * Mute payment cations are nt resid toa pacuar doon ros itera as be |Fe proving clacton payments, use of T woud he requed fr proving inetacoe ‘eben bars and bing internet oad payer rosea, [AL preset, SEBS sow on fl payment ad the sytem Sr sowing cra fity Beymer uo oe. SE al pat 2 ayn place fo ov at Daymet (average paymend and secre payne depending cn te sosorans Bren re rag, Trees coat saya of cites Complaint handling ‘At peer, consumer fd ery ilu o og camels Io most case, ey fave to go fe he substan fe pay rasta compas end tho cncemod fen for bir fata” compants, Contact sonres can vodize the Kd of able for Cat ace IVR reoraon snp ores any i ats New conocton is 9 maj protien inal the SEBS, Thee Is ro sutableayten io Ire! SEBs for avalbity of nomaton or montorng of apleabon st. SEC ‘mast plement a eytem fo enable he cuter to now te ano er ‘Sanda for SEDs infra of tans to grouse new connec, Sone intermsten fr tow comociens shed be easly snd pul alse to Bee Applications suggested in the IT roadmap and relevance to ‘customer benefits “The fig beow shows the aplcaons hat mest the objective of reaing cusomer Donee os eggestedin thet sarap.IT Task Force, of he IT practices adopted nto aetton he Atnesre# deat an exam tr SpeakersAnnexure 1: IT Task Force for Power Sector ‘yet batwoen iran Techrelpy (andthe power se. ‘The I Tak Foro unde tha Chaimansip of Shr Nandan lke. CEO, Inoays Tosialogie i, corse 2. Pro. Sachidanan, Decor (desis, Coal Power Research tito S.J Haque, Executive Cro, PGCL; Sh, Gul, OGM, PGC; Sh. lan POC. 5. Oc RP. Sarena, 006, NC ‘Shr V .Baigr, CMO, KTPCL; and Shi, Pala Kun, Cit Engineer, 7. Sh 8. Tyap ED (DP). NTPC 8. het Arvind Joey, Jit Serta Derbuton, MeP— Member Setetary 10. She TK Saar, Doctor, DeprirrtefinfomatenTecklogy 11 Capt Vat Kote, perce Group and Member, Exeoue ete IEMA 12 Shi 6 Kura Taina, Aaistrt Vien rain, IFC‘Annexure 2: Practices in Metering Technologies and Meter Reading ‘Aout 2 fo 6 sresent examples of IT pratioes aso in dtbston sector In, he ested erie, hese te ret comgrenenae rae The sarees ie ‘resenting ony te bet racine or vaconmandad pretese Thess seca ers rove seam of nan pasien fo caarson tit ios nests, 4. Electronic meters for accurate consumption recording and reducing then ‘A Bsont n SEB, most of te consuners have been proved mechanical meter, us te manta reang some and prevalence of maprsctces, sn aon ‘ac he eas of erat, eth mee lager ely Pete ery Tis Real ime fogging of data / archived records of hours of service = Equipment dala base ~ nlegrebon with Automated Mapping (AM) and Geographical Information System (GIS) Sofware packages ~_Ihtesrtion win Districuton system engineering software for network planning ‘The other functions achievable through Distibution Automation ar: [Netarork [ateee _@&USAID aati an Distribution Transformer contot “Monitoring and Control of LV breakers = Trouble call management Consumer interface Load monitoring and control > Voltage monitoring Metering and Biting through AMR + Immediate detection of attempts for meter tampering + DSM objectives Individual pump control or group of pumps or DTRS) Monitoring of eaptve generation when synehvanlzed wth system network lanoous functions = Load forecasts and load surveys. System statstics 2 Optimal network planning Energy Audit ‘A Distribution Automation system basicaly comprises of a cistbution control center (OCC), devices to be monitored / controlled Iie Substations, Switching Capacitors Banks, ine equipment and a reliable communication system that forms the backbone for successful operation Disibuioncontoicanieioce, The Distribution Control Modern ~—ooe|_ Modem: Seaciae hee at oo en Corba" Spm wi amin nate sites’ “ee” dag ‘egisin Sd i oe a Mae sony Pe eee eel * eciceaseleals itr eens a ean pr vine] [Retaw] [Sten wos | [fee eeeUSAID nvnctmmntetemmearan ae, MI Communication Optio ‘The communication options for achieving Distibuton Automaton are = Raho (UKE) ~ DLOC uses the power lines for tansmission of data (where commercially available) = Optic Fibre (Cost) Public switched telephone network and paging services for auto dial-up schemes (here wide coverage i avalabie) (One-way VAF radio can be used for load control because law cost load contol switches {are avatabie for his technology. VHF radio switches can also be used for capacitor Control onthe distribution network, in fieu of more expensive RTUs with remote MARS radios, iimoniioring is not essential at the capacitor banks, ‘Communication Selection for Hyderabad SCADA Project The Ratio Technology based communication system is chosen for Hyderabad SCADA project In this a TOM TDMA System operating in 2 Ghz band fs chosen asthe primary communication. The Cental Staton for this system is locatad at DCC, which has 60 ‘nuns of 64 Kops capaci to provids high qualty Data and Voice Communication Connectivity from DCC is provided by tis system up.to ENV substations which are Nodal points of the Power System by instaling TOMA oulstations. Two TDMA Repeaters are also provided to overcome lina of sight problems and lo ensure beter coverage. At the 39/11 KV substafons MAR remotes are instaled, Those are connected to EHV substation by co-locating MARs Master Stations at nodal pots and by connecting them back to back to TOMA outstations. MAR remotes. af 33/1iKV ‘substations oF at any fei locations wil be polled by the MAR Master Staton, Thus data scquston / sending contol commands to te controlled equipment is ensured in this project ‘Sub-Station Telemetry Equipment Remote Terminal Units (RTU) are to be provided in each of the Substations for ‘acquisition of substation data parameters, ranemting them to the conto! eenite The RTU’s wil be rugged, inteligent and microprocessor based. All actives including 10 ata processing and communication wil be done using microprocessors. A typical RTO 's a self-contained unt wih CPU, RAM, EEPROM, RS 232 communication pots, Bove Supply. protective circuit, anelegue and digital 10 channels with signal concvonina ‘The UO modules willbe selectable to achieve the quantiy and mix of 10 neds for each CORE aa [ni |USAID nara SEL “substation. The RTU ives protiy to telecommands from the control conte over its data acquision tasks and at the same time ensures thatthe background scan of al the ‘events at the controled substations are camied out and no event is lost. A typleal ‘schematic RTU is given below. [wate Lf : a '§ ® Laraar} communication BL eee] catnment al Digital bt ~ PL carro | Teaco | Mode ‘The functional capabiies of the DAS (Distribution Automation System) for distribution operation are: ‘Supervisory Control and Data Acquistion (SCADA) Historical Aocountng and Reporting Load Contral of HT consumers ‘Automatic Meter Reading Feeder SCADA including faut localization, restorations of supply and load balancing Integrated voIVVAR contol ‘Automatic Mapping and Facilties Management + Trouble Cali Management System Pole Top BTUs Functions in the fold are performed through Pole Top RTUs. They are similar in functonalty to the RTUs except that ther VO handing capacity is smal. These are Installed on Distribution. poles to contol the equipment online, such as a line AB. hitches, capactor banks, voliage regulators, ete. To obtain information form pole-top core | mls | eneQUYSAID satan ey SS RTUs when needed, operators shall be able to manually request the poling of any specie pole top RTU. It would be possible to issue poling requests for an RTU by Selecting @ cursor target from any display, tabular schematic, on which that RTU i splayed. Manual poling requests shal be processed on a higher prionty than any Periodic scan activities, Scanning of poletop RTUs shall be distibuted overtime It ‘1der to minimize the impact onthe faster eubetaton scan Distribution Automation — Operational Methodolot Voltage Controt ‘A pale top RTU with a MARS remote is installed at each voltage regulator / capacitor bank Tocaton and interfaced with it for geting input data of feeder vollage. at the Imanitored pont, reactive leading, curent tap postion of vtage regulators, on/off tats ‘of capacitor barks and todo switching operations of capaciors ang voltage regulators, ‘The locaton and capacity of capacitors / voltage regulators shall be decided using an ‘optimal strategy. The svitching schecule of capacitor banks is t0 be obtained for ‘minimal loss strategy whie simultaneously satisfying the maxmum /minimum voltage consirain’s on the feeder. A similar method is requied for determining the voltage Fegulator taps also. Here, the reguaior tap postion ie placed in maximum possible positon as long a8 the voltage at the maximum affacted node. does, not ‘excoed ‘maximum permissible voltage limit. The on ff switching commands for capacitor Danks and raise / lower commands for voltage regulators shal be issued to pole 109 RTUs either trough supervisory contol automatically or trough manual contol by the ‘operator. A feedback of the change in status due fo control commands have be obtained and the results have to be displayed with any alan / even meceages os requires I ocalization and Restoration Whenever there is any fault on a feeder, the cicult breaker (CB) for that breaker tips Test charging Is done by closing the CE for two to theee tmes at an rtervel ofa few ‘minutes, to ascertain whether the faults a tansient one. The lst test charging Is done by opening the isolator and closing the breaker to ensure thatthe fault i hot in the breaker. If itis ascertained thatthe fauit is permanent and is on the feeder, the reut Breaker is cherged again and the suficnes are closed one after another staring from ‘he substafon end. When the breakers in closed positon andi it tips before the fst ‘switch Secionisers is closed, tat fait is noted tobe in between the substation and the first switch (Le. inthe frst section). Every sectionssere closes after a definite tine ard Interval anc the fout is noted ta be inthe section beyond the mast recently closed Ssectionisers switch The fault section is isolated by opening switches at both ends of the section, Supply to the heathy between the substation and the faulty section ie resorted CORE vetitn LigeUSAID adenine RENT Provision for sectonalisers to close can be by sland above automation by a sofware program for operation of switches by the operator through SCADA. Trouble Call Management System (TCMS) ‘The outage of supply Is reported by the consumers to a centralized Fuse Off Call Contre. TEMS helps to analyze the reasone for outage reported by the consumer / Consumers and take remacal acon to restore supply speedily using this function. For instance, when outage of supply is reported by a large number of consumers in one area, may be probable to trace the reason to blowing off of @ sectional fuse of distribution transformer. By maintaining database of consumers connected to each ‘wansformer or feeder, such an analysis could be made easily. By providing SCADA connectivity to fuse off call cenves, the operator at DCC willbe able to analyze tho fault ‘and send recteation gangs for speedy restoration. This function help to reduce losses {due to long interruptions and improve custemer relations Conclusions + Implementation of Distribution Automation cannot be delayed anymore, infact delay in automation may prove tobe a nur. ‘+ Substation Automation, 11KV feeder controls, LV System controls, AMR, DSM, (Online Energy Aust can be achieved, ‘+The cost towards Automation is generally recoverable in two to three years pay back period + Distribution networks provide an interface between the consumers and the uty ‘and’ any amount of Sopnisticavon on the upstream side wih a less efficent istibution system cannot provide satisfaction tothe consumers. Intelligent Distribution Transformers Distribution Transformers (more popularly referred to as DTRs) fom the essential tink between a power ullty and miions of is LT Consumers. Phenomenal technology ‘advancements have taken place in Generation and Transmission sectors but the same in Distribution are not equaly spectacular. The engineers in-charge of Distribution deal with lesser quantum of power and energy but have to provide satisfactory power supply to-2 very large number of consumers, The technological solutone for adoption in Distribution “Sector shall be a compromise between ‘technically desirable’ and ‘economically viable’. The efficiency of monitoring the Distribution System essentially lies in the effective performance monitoring of a DTR, GSRE ineson 50USAID attire tmemeatuctrime eae DDTRs are supposed to be least prone for falure as they are most eugged wit al heir {omponenis ight clamped and no rotating or moving parts ini. te unfortunate fot in most of the Indian Power utes, the rate of nidence of falure of DTRe i arae ot percent per year {Al the reasons for failure ike loss of diversity, overloading, unbalance in loads, low oi! levels, lose spans, improper earthing, inadaquate protection, ete, are being explana ;iay tating Matthey are unattended and unmanned. ii tuo tha the DTS ae vey laige in number and are scattered over large areas but technology ean alwaye finde scluion fer overcoming the problem. When the volume incteases, lacrnakcey chon ‘Ghange and adherence to ol conventional manual ystems can na longer be conn ‘Atlempts ave been made on a pit basis to implement Distibution Automaton, The {ist of one such attempts Is GachibowiDistibuton Automaton Project In hyderabee, Andha Pradesh Gachibowl Distribution Automation Proje In the year 1995, the Department of Electonics (Govt, of India) has awarded a Plot Distribution Automation Project called Gachibowfi Distribution Automation Prefect he implemented joity by erstwhile APSEB and CMC the projec! war irclemeceg covering one 33/TKV Substation, 20 nos., Distibution Transionne’ oo ne ‘Agricutural pumpsats, two High Tension services, two numbers Gapactors banks ob 10 nos, load break suitches to be controled from Gachbowi Substation, Pele ie RTUs with two way Multple Address. Radios (MARS) Communication was used © onto} DTRS, H.T. services, capactor Benks and load break switches, VIT one wan ‘adios were used for the contol of agricultural pumpsets (ie) to enable or Geeble d ‘consumer from running his pumpset. Pole top RTU employed in Gachibow DA Project ‘The cle lop RTU (PRTU) developed in Gachibowl Project is similar in functionally to a romal Remote Terminal Unt (RTU) Dut has less input oulput hendling capac ‘the UO handing capacites provided are Digtal Input mode ~ 16 nputs, Dena Sule ‘module — 16 inputs and Analog input mesule 16 nputs, ‘These PRTU is designed to be powered either by 110V ér 230 V AC. The RTU has a nected for data transmission tothe contral conte, Govemment of India Ministy of Powe) has idenSfed I, Kanpur as lead agency for levelopng technologies in the area of Dstibuion Automaton anda workeren een CORE | SpaosterQUSAID meats AAC technology dedication event was held at Kanpur on 22" & 237 February, 2003. A practical demonstration of a plot level project covering one S8KV SS with two power transformers, two S3KV eicut breakers with th lsolator, three DTRs with 17KV & LT load break swiiches (LBS) installed winin IIT campus was made and the indigenous technology developed is dedicated to tne nation by Secrotary, MOP of Government of Inia Remotely operable LBS (Load Break Switches) for T1KV operation and MCCBS {Moulded Case Circuit Breakers) for 415 volts have been developed and field-ested in the Distibuton network inside the IT Campus. The T1KV three pole LBS for outdoor operation are rated for 80 Amps., with an opening time of 100 mili seconds. They can Sustain a faut curent of 18 KA for one second and have a breaking capacity of 1.5 MIVA to 07 pf and with a dynamic peak withstand capacity of 40 KA, ‘The LT LASs are designed for a rated current of 200 Amps, with rated short croult withstand strength of 36 KA between phases and 21 KA: between each phase and neutrals for one second. These are designed with ‘Solenoid Plunger arrangement as ‘operating mechanism | practical demonstration of remote monitoring and controling of OTR has been made uring the workshop-cur-technology dedication event in February 2008 at IIT Kanpur. APCPDCL Experiment Andhra Pradesh has a fla 1 embrace and adopt new technologes and ty them out on pilot Basis in practical networks. The Central Power Distbuton Company of AP has [adopted the technology and four distribution transformers located in aiflerent districts are’ being monitored from centvally located DCC (Distribution Contol Cente) at Hyderabad using Cell Phone connectivity. This exercise is being done cuccosetlly from January 2008 on the following OTRs. Disivict | ~SSKVSS | _TIKV | BTWlocation | Monitoring Feeders _| boing done Rangareday | Himayatsagar | Azeeznagar™| —Unpaty [Phase current Gardens | and voltages, of toad survey with Tast 25 | data storage Rangareday| Kesaverom | Anantharam_| Sr =do- Medak | Nersepur | Kagaz | Jamathola | Instant values of Mazdoor 3 phase | __| vorages, pi, ete | Nalgonda_|—Bhongir__|Chardupata_ | _—SS=17 =do- CORE anmense | iin meteSS _Crsaion Busnes Managemen eT Based Stason Susans The suocesstul experiment clearly demonstrates thet a Distibution Engineer can monitor on rel time the operating parameters of every DTR and infact he Gan ont og with his DTR as frequently as fs necessary ‘The meter prope is capable of measuring olectical energy inal four quadrants, ative as elas feacivo, max demand, ec, ae has al alii for TOD, tamper et ate gat agnostics. and an optical pat Yor communicating with CMRI or te keeena device ike RTU for SCADA application. These meters are now tbe eqdnred ear ‘emotely operable relay, which in tum closes or opens LBS and aso report Pack cerns Using potential free aundiary contact ‘Communication Options Latics traclional communication options, the approach is to have a core communication controler at the Base Station, which can suppor verse choices of communication media (\¢) Dial up, Ethemet, WLL (CDMA), GSM, ela, for cost ates implementation Out of the options of PSTN, PLCC, Rao, etc, Ihe employe of GSM modems is found tobe best sutable in areas having sour comaore inteligent DTRs "ts desirable fo have inbutinteligence into the OTR, considering the folowing aspects |. Monitring the various operating parameters of the OTR such a6 load temperature rise and oil levels which are helpful to detect the sbnomaog oe Provide onpertunites to take corrective actions to avoid fale ii Measurement of eneray sent out to achiove effective energy seat Housing the electronics and communication intraces capable of withstanding the heat and oly environment in a safe way within the DR to avod meddling oe Uw be advantageous if DTRs are manufactured with but in faces of CT operated estonic meter which can store data for the last SED day, tomote reading” cag {and a remotely operable relay to perform control operations A Aas! such te noes net 0 |USAID ality Initial estates indicate thatthe cost of an Intoligent DTR may be twice the cost of a conventional DTR of equal rated capacity but substantial reduction can be achieved if these are procured in very large quantities, Power utites are spending large amounts on repairs to OTRS and with the amount pent on rectification of every thre failed OTRs, a1now DTR can be procured. To start with repairs of faled DTRs which are 20 years ol, those which have already failed twice, and those requiring replacement ofall te limbs can be dispensed with and new DOTRS can be procured with bull in inoligence. This may incidentaly ftom step no.4 towards Distibtion Automation in Indian Power utiles, Intemational experience shows that, the automation projects have high benefit cost ratios and loss payback Smee. Now there is no option except to go infor Automation of DTR¢ as they ae large in number and are continuously increasing to Improve quay of Several leading Indian Transformer manufactures of CSP and amorphous core ‘raneformers in the country have come forward to manufacture “Intellgent DTRe”(Le.) DDTRs with inbuilt facies for remote monitoring and control adopting totaly indigenous technology. The RED activiy has already started and catching up momentum as they fave sotup a short-term goal to achiowe this. Shty-three disbicts in the county are chosen for APORP (Accelerated Power Development Reform Programme) and the District Head Quarters shal be the frst tobe ‘automated. The Distrbuton networks in these towne shall be upgraded to 100 percent {echnical standards and made amenable for Aulomaton. CSP transformers. have ‘ready gota breaker inside the transformer which open cut for overloads or excessive {temperature and these can be attempted for conversion as inteligent DTRS., Fruits of Impl A + Ifthe above Scheme is implemented, the following beneflts can be achieved which wil be the beginning of anew era of efficent cstibution systems in the country, + DTRs continue to be unattended but wil be monitored remotely online + Inctantanoous voltages, currents, active power, reactive power, power factor {perhaps temperature and ol evel also) ean be monitored remtel, “+ Unbslances in voltages and currents can be detected and corrective action can be intated SpeseUSAID nnniuittntereneomemreetruscs MN ‘+ Hours of power supply through each DTR can be monitored and data stored to ‘compute the relabity *+ Energy Audit will be possible at grass root level ‘+ Substantial reduction in failure rate of DTRs as impending falures can be detected in advance ‘+ Quaity of power supply wil be ofthe highest order *+ Load survey makes Distibution Network planning and meaningful ‘+ Phenomenal reduction in losses can be achieved through reconfiguration roistering, et, whichis possible to do remately ‘Total consumer satisaction Information Technoloay initiatives in Electricity Distribution Systeme (Trove implemented in AP ae explained) 4. The Thieves ih power disibuton systems are aimed at + Improvement of efficiency by way of elimination of dlays, duplication, drudgery In paper work + Reduction in over all expenditure * Provides quick and effcient information systems like onine Biling & Collections, ‘online report generation + Customer satisfaction + Very fast reconciliation between important activites of Metering, Biling & Callectons + Web based services for 24 hours X 365 days + Toattsin ranspareney and gain eredibity 2. The inatves are broadly classified as per activity in which the iilatves are taken as follows: (2) Power Supply (8) Metering, Billing & Collection SCADA (Supervisory control 8 + Common Bling SystemUSAID tte SEU Dala Acquistion + TCMS (Trouble Call Spot Biling through hand held Management Systems computers with GSM connectivity + Micro _Controlers (Power + ‘Networking of Electricity Supply & Control) Revenue Officer with eSeva collection Cenires + Data loggers for feeders + Remote metering wth tampor (monitoring of power supply & proof data for High valve nergy) series + Infeigent DTRs (Remote + AMR’ Systems for on ine monitoring & load survey on energy Audit feeders) + Mobile Vane wih GSM + CAT software for analysis of connectivity for very fast ‘isk restoration of supply + Gisacrs ‘+ Profle Consumer (6) Performance Management (6) Investments for System Improvement + PMRS (Performance +» DISBUT (Software developed Monitoring & Review System) In-House and other advanced sonware 101s “+ Uploading of PMRS data at + Integrated optimum System fad level and transfer through planning for maximum LRVI VSAT (Loss. Reduction & Voliage Improvement with least cost + TIMS (Transfer Information + Proriisaton of works based Management) fn High benefits cost ratlo and least pay back period, MIMS (Meter — tracking) FM AM HRD ecm Loss Study Finance Management Office Automation ‘The expected results are Loss Reduction = Increase in specific revenue GORE [ ne gyUSAID antteertermimmmareyintee i Improvementin Calecions Fast & Better Consumer Servicing Quick feedback Roducton in interruptions ‘Above all Total Consumer Satisfaction : sory Control wi SCADA involwes net working of a group of substations (especially in Metros & large towns) for data colection in respect of all equipment at a host staon, The ictouton sgjstem can be montored en real time and also controlled by issuing commande to ‘emote stations where RTUs (Remate terminal units) are located, ‘The alm of the system is effective load management of the distibution system to Improve relabilty and efficiency of supply. SCADA is, more effective if integrated with load contol, AMR, emergency load shedding, integrated Var Control, faut location through sectionalcers, foutte cat ‘management, and facies management Apart from achieving efficient distibution management, accurate fault analysis and romp restoration of supply, twill be possible to ent malfunctioning of equiprsent ‘advance for taking corrective action. Historical data for Say two years Cat be corteo oy future analysis. The system mains comprises of Control Cenre equipment Applicaton sofware Distribution Management Software Commurication System RTUs for field data aoqusiton Ups, ete Toms ‘The objectives are development of consumers profile each DTR wise, recoding of complaints, quick compliance, confirmation of compliance, dynamic display oF contol system (as a map display) evaluation of working pattems ahd plan work allgcaion ood ‘online infermation flow to managers. ORE icine |e reQUAD wee. OM ‘The database required is pole wise consumer identify, Substation wise supply system comiguration, locaton of fuse of cal offces with the jurisdiction, ‘The Telephone # (say 1812) is alloted asa tll foe connection to cater to the needs of consumers in @ Metropolitan City ora large area with heavy load density (MW / Sq KM) GSC (Customer Services Centres) are established as single point of contact for redreseal of all customer grievances including release of new service connections ‘The complaints received and computerized to be attended as per Ciizens charter. Cases of supply falures are communicated to concemed fuse cal office or mobile vans. for quick compliance. The communication system updates status of complant and provides information to administrators through Interet based GIS and also priors the ‘Works fo be attended. {GIS mapping and geo referencing and integration with TCMS for development of DTR. based consumer data wil greatly help Discoms MICRO CONTROLLERS ‘Miro controters are provided at each of the 33 KV substations to achieve the folowing Enouring number of hours of power supply including implementation of restictione and contol messuree when in foree ‘Automatic tripping to supply ifload exceeds a pe set value during specific hours to avoid over loading of equipment Monitoring of uniform dstibution of ad as per schedules ~ Reading of all events and data of all paramoters is provided generates reports, data of feeder wise hours of supply and also complete data required for conducting lead survey ‘This logged data can be periodically revieved through an hand held terminal for post provessing and monitoring apart from report generation. The Micro Controle work as per microprocessor based contol logic and derives inputs from CTs & PTs of each tie fooders picking up signals and convering thom to digital from (A.D convertors). Depending on avalabily of incoming pawer supply to-SS, and as par pre programmed tin satinge, each of the feader breakers wil be enabled or disable for switching ON, Also at pre-determined timings the crcut breakers wif be switched off. Further during ‘such timings when lighting load is permited and three phase power loads (such 3s pBumpsets or LT incusty) are not allowed to run, de controler tips the feoder breaker f the load exceeds a pre programmed value, ‘Space te Inetiton go : i i i i iVSAID enitentarmnteearteertee ar * The microprocessor based control logic has got curent and voltage sensors (CTs. & PTs) for each feeder and samples the data on conlmuous race conditions the signals and converts to aigtal form for procassing, denon ‘making and logging purpose, * Based on incoming rower avaiabilty and based on predefined time settings, the individual feeders willbe enatied for switching ‘on’ and atthe and of seg {ime the same vil be tipped ‘off. During the two-phase cordon, i the cower ‘raw exceeds the rato lag, the control mechanism wil ip te tocar * The processor logic also logs all the events and parameters on reguiarintervals. + The logged data can be periodically down loaded to a Hand Held Terminal for Post processing or for report generation, IBC (Metering, Biling & Collections) ‘Common Biting System (CBS) A common software for both HT & LT ‘ling, revenue collection, New customer ‘ecountna, change of ounership of servic, dismantemert & trmiation of saree ee 's developed so that te entire MBC function is a common pation Networking i Electicty revenue offices and calecton centres are networked. The Biting data is eBid on real tne basis so as to enable consumers 19 pay thelr Bis at nay ahs collection centres (e-Sava Centres) ofthe Distribution Company sBs Feeaeanra s done trough Hand Held Computers” wich are fast, versal, intligent, affordable, portable and user programmable, Eesroic Spot Bing hss resulted in reducon of tie of iling cyte, tus improving seat ils are given on the sport and the cue dates or payment me getine, {Fcattored avoiding rush at cash counters. This also provides adeional tine to ates ‘Meter exceptional such as non-performing & under performing wetons ‘AMES al LIC feeders especialy those with predominant agicutra load, major ingest lead and selected High Value Consumers are equipped WN dats ones \hich store data of tree phase curents, voltages acive & reactive power, nae eos CORE | SpeceterQUSAD wee ttc fr he last 30 days wich can be rtioved Jovy fvoush OMR They have Communication pot RS 292 and ae read remy Svough dal up modems. Thc haps fn'conduaing load suey and rites ‘orecie ecson Wo evo! cvetoadng of Condos se a0 in teeter ose ‘Also the meters at selected High value services are read remotely and consumption pattom is monitored. Meters tampered or not recording properly are instantly detect, ‘Cases of plferage are also detected as meters have tamper proof data logged Spacer CORE Initation Loge ‘por ee CapronTRAINING PROGRAM DISTRIBUTION BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND IT BASED ‘SOLUTIONS Energy Accounting And Auditing In Power Distribution Systems anh Chandra, Central Electricity Authority E CORE itaton tage@uysaip gun ne err rn mgd Energy Accounting And Auditing In Power Distribution Systems ‘Anjull Chandra, Cental lecily Author 1.0 Introduction Power isa ciical infrastructure for the growt of Indian econemy. Acceleration in the ‘economic growth will depend upon a fnancialy and commercially viable power sector that is able to attract ech Investments, However, te financial heath of ‘State Electricity Boards (SEBs) has become a maior of grave concern considering that their losses have reached an alarming level of Rs 32,000 crores, which Is equivalent to about 1.5% of GDP. Out of total energy generated, approximately only 85% is bled and only 41% is realized resuling in agaregatetechrical and commercial losses ofthe order of 45-50%, ‘With the large amount of electricity now being handled by the power utes, 1% reduction in ATEC losses would provide substartal financial benefits to the utlioe. TO realize the benefits, a systematic approach to reduce commercial and techrial iosses would be necessary, The reduction of technical losses can be achieved through system improvement and upgradation schemes to reduce overloading of lines, transformers, Improvement of vellage profile, etc. But require large capital vestments. Hovover, ‘eduction in commercial losses can be achieved at a much lesser cost and in @ shorter time frame through administative and legislative action. Development of comprehensive eneray sccountng system would enable quantiication of losses In diffrent segments of the sysiom and energy audling would provide the means to identity the areas of leakage, wastage or ineficint use. This would help in identiying measures sutabl for reduction of T&D losses, ‘Accounting and Auditing in electricty sector involves evolving procedures and checks to ‘account for energy from generating stations down to consumer level In the present Scenario, the focus would be fom Grid sub-stations where sub-transmission systems. (66/33/17KV) take off gonerally a6 a racial system to supply power to consumers at Gifrert voltage levels. The abjecve is "o prepare an energy account 30.28 to establish the energy input and quantum consumed byblled to various categories of ‘consumers’. This leads fo idenfication of high loss areas which in turn would ep in evolving strategies and action plans for reduction of losses. The underying idea is to {teat One Energy Unit (kWh) as a unit of electrical money andi follow ar develop & ‘system for accounting each unit sinter to that Is followed in financial accounting and ‘using which has established practices to enablo proper accounting of money to dolect the leakages, misappropriation, fraudulent transactions, ete and contnbute in Improving the financial performance of the organization. In enevay accounting system, feach unit of electcty" (Wh) is to be treated as a unt of elecirical money. The accounting system should ensure that the energy made avaiable at sub-stalon/1ThV feederiDistibution transformer and units uted by consumers are checked to see iether the itference between the two are reasonable and within permissible tts, In CORE@usaip 2a tert se ies ‘dalton it should ensure that all energy Is blled and revenue realized in an effective 1.4 Energy Accounting Eneray Accounting is conceptually simple. It involves preparation of accounts of the ‘energy flow to various segments and its consumption by various eatayores. of Consumers a8 well as energy required for meeting the technical requirements of tho system Out of total avaiable quantum over a specified tine period, Ths helps in ‘accurate measurement of energy generated, energy consumed and energy lost 1.2. Energy Accounting Procedure 1.24. Approach ‘The fundamental approach to energy accounting should be bottoms-up and related to organizational and responsibilty structure of the utliy. Each Junior level Engineer should be entusted wth responsibilty of covering & 11 KV feederts), which Could be feeding a number of consumers. He would be responsible to account forthe energy Feceived by the feeder and bling of their conected consumers. The exerise woud! involve establishment of energy measurement systom and preparation of energy balance related t0 the diferent responsibilty areas in tho fel for biling and rovenog collection. Preparation ofan effective energy accaunt will be possible ony it ‘Meters are installed on bath sides of each element ofthe network as indicated in Annex + Allthe consumer installations are installed with accurate energy meters. ‘+ Enowgy meter readings are taken at sending end and af all the consumer Installations simutanoousy ‘+ Similar accuracy class meters are installed both for measuring input to system and energy sales, ‘+ Meters are regulery tested and calibrate + Electronic trvector meters wih datalogging facies are provided on the 11 KV feeders/ secondaryside of distribution transformers to record load curve Which faciltates assessment of load factors and loss load factors. The exercise would involve establchment of energy measurement system and preparation of eneray balance related to the siffrent responsibiiy areas, The exercise 's highly data intensive a it ivolves large number of feeders at 11 KV and O4 KY level Connected from the silent S/Ss and each serving to the large number of consumers Of various categories. Preparation of electrical network database and docunenation ‘and consolation of consumer details would be the frst step in energy, accounting. Each consumer should be denied with the Distibuton tansiormer bweugh wich he 's fed, and then each Distibution vansfermer would be Identfied withthe feeder on which’ the transformer is installed. In tun gach feeder woul! be idenifed. wit cone [eR] neeFS ais sins nape an ase Seems 195 @usap me ““ubstaton fom which elecine supply is recelved. This could ba done by giving one ‘Code No. to each consumer, which would be his technical address’ on this Bil In addition, the bil shoul include the identification of meter reader and appicable tai ‘The efficacy ofthe data for energy accounting would largely depend on the quality of motere employed in the system. Network metering and consumer motering eyetom should be reviewed and working, non working, defective, unmatered supply ete. should be documented for taking corrective measures. In the Sub-Transmission and Distiotion systems ina responsibilty area, some feeders ‘may cross the boundaries and feed the loads ether n pat or full other areas alsa. Such inter area exchanges should be avolded at 11 KV level by network reconfiguration and ‘administratvofuriesition adjustments In cates whera such network restructuring is not feasible or economical, additonal energy meters could be placed. at appropriate locations oF relevant data on energy transtes/biled consumption could be exchanges between the unis to avoid complication of accounting. The network within the unt at Division’Sub-Divisonfieeder level may also be so reconfigured to minimise the Inter- Dhision/Sub-Divsionfieeder exchange of energy and there is no dluon of responsibilty in actual pacts, ‘Wal defined procedures for reading ofthe energy meters (on 11 KV feedere) not having data logging facies and consumer meters would enhance the reiabity and ‘correctness of energy accounting. To correct for non-simultaneous reading of consumer meters and biling cycles, simple procedures should be laid down. For unmetered ‘consumption, tl such ime as 100% consumer matering isn place, data derived from Sample metering at selected dstrbution transformers, sample Survey of consumption of various categories of consumers on a system wide basis would be required. Fer geting ‘optimum results, scientific sampling techniques are to be adopted. Size of sample, fetual location where the matore are to Be installed should be based on detailed analysis of consumers profil, identification of regional factors and other parameters, having an impact of consumption. For example in he case of agrculural consumers the parameters would be cropping patter, ground water prof, irigation practices, agro- ‘imati factors ete, For domestic and commercial consumers, the parameters could be based on income levels, sanctonedieonnected load ete. In the case of street lighting, the season wise sample survey, hours of supply and number of working light pants ete should be considered. Win the analysic of data from such surveys, the energy Consumption of unmetered consumers could be worked aut on a reasonable basis, Acerday reas rable fue of erray ies for eon feeder coud bo erved, Even after achieving 100% metering of consumers, it would be necessary to have metering of some selected distibuton transformers, serving diferent categories of load te provide a reference peint for checking the enecay balance. ‘The data from consumer level metering and sample survey data should be ullzed to frm up consumption of each class of coneumer and derive validated data, The sample metering data would ——————— set saree=)USAID ares hn peer Bt one Bae tof norm consumption sage a, accourting would require constant review and modification to bing it to @ age ane level where na reasonably tue picture emerges. Consisarng the wast Satomi 2, would be necessary to computers the enay ascsoni ‘astom © generale Managemert information Systom (MS) repos for dora er mack gan Ths would enable taking remedal measures to Improve bain ft medium 8 longterm it would facitate to lake system Improvement meee ce fo cannatsed bling sftare paced at Diisioneub-dision level should be designed ‘egabts the concept of tracking the consumer to the eloccal network nee ee Enaray NS, repens Of each feeder could be generated through eutable inane Saag” Management System software package developed lo meet epeciic need nee, rte ‘Some ofthe important features of sofware could be as under ‘+ Feeder wiso/Distibution Transformer wise lose Eauipment allure and interupton analyses forthe feeder + Biling CGL ( Consumer General Ledger) + Consumer analyses (whew) ‘+ Realisation index(Rskwh) fr each category and feeder as a whole gall enable feeder wise monitoring of activites and assesement of achievements \s-d-vis targets for oss reduction and revere realeston Teg IRY accounting isnot @-one-tine exercise but isto be done on @ continuous eases Would be effective for identitcaton of suatogies to ries he oases teen 1.9. Energy Audit es te lectniaue to establish the curent status of eneray efiency of a Hise. KL nvolves identiving energy losses, quantiying them, searecatre tne pecoe mrenscetiical and commercial losses, esimating energy conseraion rein ay Ermposing visible and economically atractve solutons. The lbmate end eeu son See Rents Isto improve system pertrmance, increase fs elise) oe rica seorereenges leading t tenovaton, moderisaton and upgratatn, The seen seats ig aes the overall picture of energy avaiabily and Is uso. The areege ooo, ‘ould enable analysing the data in meaninglul manner fo evelve measune resent ee EEUSAID maitcntratnaats tm — SEF ‘cheeks and balances inthe system fo reduce leakages and losses and also to improve technical performances. Energy aut should be cared outwith te following objective ‘+ Review and upgradation of procedure for energy accountng. ‘+ Review of technical eciency of system elements in ST&D system. + Anais ofthe teenies for measuring energy reeved, energy biled end + Roview of porformance of equipment, meters, distribution transformers etc {Aust the segregation of technical and non-technical losses, + Esiabishment of norms for checking the consumption of various categories of ‘consumers and overall energy balanoe inthe circle 1.34. Procedure for energy audit In the process of supplying elecrly to consumers, energy losses are occuring on ‘account of technical and commercial reasons. The technical losses are due to eneegy Aissipaton in the conductors and the equipments used for ansmission and distribution Of power. Commercial losses are caused du to plferage of energy, defective meters, meter reading errors and energy not accounted for. The energy losses are tO be Computed for each element of the network on the basis of actual energy sent out and actual consumption as recorded by the meters installed on bot sides of fe element. In ‘accordance with the sample meterng arrangement given at Exhibit the losses in ‘various system elements could be worked out as per the description given in Annex =I |tmay.not be possible to conduct energy aust forthe entire power system ofa ult in one go due to financial, organizational and logistical constraints. Hence it has to be ‘conducted in stages. A compact area of the power system would have to be identified ‘and energy auait studies taken up Its very cffcult to get a very accurate picture dus to the following reasons: + The energy meters provided on 11 KV feeders are of dass 1 / dass 05 accuracy, whereas at consumer insalations the meters are of Class 2 accuracy. + Ailthe energy concumed le not recorded due to ilegal tapping, tha, piferage te ++ The sending end readings are taken on a particular day whereas the readings for consumers are taken in a staggered manner. + The meter readings of some consumers are nat taken due to locked premises! defecive meters + Meters are not reading at ight load + Meters not recorcing within prescribed accuracy limits. ‘Assessment of consumption in respect of unmetered consumers Proper and accurate motors, meter reading, moter testing & calibration, biling and collection systems are essential fr effective and accurate energy accounting, ORE nics tn ae ees‘Sige Phase LT melas ‘Once nS years afer mtalaton [1 firee phase metore (CT Gperaied)| Once in a yaar to bo cheno Ge 20KVAto 100 KA {these are installed for ‘high value ‘consumers, ‘Other LT metering SERS ‘Once in vo years afar installation EHT IH meters ‘Below 5 MVA. Once ina year = 8 to 10 MVA — Once in. six ‘months + above 10 MVA — Once in a ‘uarter ‘ronsgSiNg schedule for HT consumers should cover the entre Metering Systom Including CT's, PT's and Pilot Wire. Detaled rato Testing of CT, PT and contr few IRS is fo be_done. Testing through mooie vansimobie cubicles tetas Injections kt and phantom loading may aso be carted out by Measuresnont Una Functional Requirement for Meters for Energy Accounting and Audit [Te Meters for Energy Accountng and Aut are termed as System meters which pasicaly are meters at Sis, outgoing feeders, distribution transformers ele the rae ot fale of system metors is served by having time of day logging features to enable the following (Time of day wise energy accounting (i) Time of day wise load fow studies (i) Time of day wise voltage profiles (Computation of supply avaiabity duration (¥) Computation of supply interruptions Data from system metors are used to derive, (© Ampacity loading of individual ine sections i) Votege profie of busses Ai) Supply availabilty duration, No. ofinteruptons (@) Energy sent out (or feeder meters), Operating parameters (ike peak/base demand, _civersiy factor at substations, load curves, load duraten canes, reactive dfiiveurplus ete) eee ee Se) Le®Usaip acre tpi apt teen mane i) Tetnical Gas n arent Ine secions (rom Ted Tow sudies ing the meter dt) (1) Energy mismatch at erent busbars (vil) Energy accounting for different administrative areas within a utility (wil) Contingency analysis (capability to cater to loads in event of line tripping) (@) Data logging features needed for systom meters (Feeder meters and Sis meters), to obtain the above information are Inlerval wise logging ofthe folowing data, ()Enoray KWH paee (@)_KYpae(at peak RVA of interval) {il)_kVATeproa(at peak KYA of interval) (i). Voltages nae ment p2ak KVA of interval) (9). Power down ie fin minutes during the interval) {A data logging inetval of 30 minutes of 15 minutes ie sufficient for system meters. The ‘emphasis isto have all system meters ofthe same typ, i. logging the same set of parameters, so that the data can be groupedisurmmated & and less on the Interval uration, In addtion to above time-of-day legging, the meters should have () a cumulative energy register i) cumulative count of load interruptions (with interuptions measured. as ‘current less tan a treshold value) (©) _ Data logging features needed for DT meters are an interval-wise logging of the folowing data (a) Energy (KH) pee (6) Won (at peak RVA of interval) (0)- KN at Beak KVA of interval) (@)_KMiozno(at peak KVA of interval) (6) KVArapmae (at peak KVA of interval) (Ary nan (at Peak KVA of interval) (@)_RVArapre (at ak KVA of interval) (@)Voltagenai(at peak kVA of interval) (@Voltager(at peak KVA of interval) @ Voltagee (at peak KVA of interval) (Power down time (in minutes during the interval) ‘The suitable interval here le 30 or 15 minutes ‘The emphasis here is more on having all system meters of te same type, and less on ‘he interval duration. In adtion to above tme-oF day logging, the meters should have & cumulative energy register SRE tion i iUSAID tmaternetars nents 1.82. Segregation of losses into technical and non technical losses Worked by applying load and loss load factors suitably. With avalabity of fisting, ystom analysis sofware, load flow stuties can be carled out for stferet loasog fanelons during the eneray acoounting period for more reliable resulls. Estimation of losses. in LT network may be done initally for sample network. emanating tort (Ptesentative dstibuton transformers covering diferent category of consumes ara load density. With full computerisation of database it would be essibie to cover te results in both tha fronts. 1.92. Identification of elements with high technical losses ‘The technical losses computed for each element ofthe network fom load flow studies are to be compared wth the reasonabi lavelof losses for that element The tonsnvetne level of losses in_ various segments of the system as set cut by the Commotion oy experts! Central Electcty Authorty “In the * Guidelines for Devolopmort or aac, transmission and Disirbution system" for conditions prevailing Inthe Sountry are oe under: (ZONE |SYSTEW ELEMENTS ——) POWER LOSS Cy [k~ SSepuptranclomer EHV | 050% to 7.0056 fransmission system [Transformation to |rtermediate votage level, fransmission systam & step-| 1.50% to jsown to sub-tansmission [3.00% frttage ove! [Sub transmission system | 225% WASOR land step-down to istibulion voltage evel [Oistibuton ines and sence] connection GORE sn go coven een sm io L LesnarQUSAID nactramneatemmeenaacte, ‘These losses depend on pattern and nature of demand, load density ané the capability and configuration of system, equipment used end vary for various system elements However, system where total percentago lees lo Boyond these values should become a ‘atte of serious concern and further study and analysis shouldbe earied out. Targets for reduction of technicalinon-technical losses should accordinaly be fixed. measures Identified and action taken fo accomplish the same within the given time period Proper energy accounting and audting would taciltate in creation ofa data base to act 2 Input for folowing uparadation/ improvements tothe dstbution system: + Load Management. + Dotals of power factor, active and reactive power flows and sultable location for reactive power jection in the system. ‘Assessment of diversity in the system ‘Optimum uiistion of equipment and services Improved voltage profi in the system. Delals of calegory-wise consumption of loads and proper forecast of demand. + Better system augmentation and expansion planring, ‘Scope for Improvement of efficiency in consumption/Agricultural Sector “There exists an enormous scope for technological improveménts and energy savings in all energy consuming sectors and this is vindeatad by the fact thal the energy intonslty of India i many tmes higher han that In developed counties, India's energy intensity pet unt of GDP is 3.7 times higher than that of Japan and 1.6 times that of USA, indicating a very high wastage Therefore, efcincy in consumption of energy becomes very important. There is huge scope for energy saving In Industial, commercial, domestic and agrleulural sectors, EMicent use of energy provides the least cost and ‘most environment fiendly option for eapaciy creation in the shortest possibe time. One Of the soctors vie agriculture is being takon as an example-As per studies conducted by various organizations the operating efficiencies are much fess than what can be schieved. ‘Achiovable efcieney versus operating eficency ‘Rchiovable Eficeney _ | Average actual efilenéy in eld Pump [70% 30% to 35%, Motor 3%. 70% 10 75% Pump sctaea” [60% 2% whole with pging Coordinated programmes for improvement of pumps in the country afe required to be put into place to tap the huge potential for energy savings. The aricltural ‘consumers may not be ready to putin money for mprovement of tne pumpset. However the utlties would beneft by subsidizing the programme for retication of ie w.@usaip ute Ese taon Sg, mae “Pumpsets due fo the reductions in capaciy adationsl procurement of addional power ~ for meeting the inefciences Inthe pumpsets 14" Profit Center In the competitive market environment of today business cannot survive unless there is total accountablty and associated responsibilty and authoriy.Distioution sector also ‘heeds to be treated as 3 business entiy if financial wabliy 1s to be achieved, The heads ofthe business unts should be empowered to act and be held accountable for {heit actions & performance. Such a concept would be achievable if each elecial unit |s declared 38 a profit center with is own accounting system. The performance Parameters as well as benchmarks can bo sot for improvement. This would also bring in the sense of ounership and compettion, which are essentalingrecionts for success, ofa business. ‘There isa need for declaration of every unit as a proft center and establching base fine parameters 0s well as bench marks for measuring improvements conseauent Ups the commercial, administrative and technical interventions. The operaing expense ot the unt, which contribute towards the delivery cost of energy tothe customer, can also 'be monitored more closely asa profit center concept and measures may be tiated for reduction of the same The segregation of business units of utilities should be done on business accounting basis and nancial practices may be adopted with clear principe on folowing ines + Input Energy handled / sold + Revenue realzed from sales and cost ncured on purchase of input energy + Expensiture incurred on © & M, repairs, spares, supplied, consumables ete ‘The above segregation may be done as a separate profit contre of at a Stand alone Business Unit (SBU) or as fully owned. subsidiary of utlily and this may be ‘accomplished in steps vith folowing tobe achieved immediately. + Separate financial statements; Balance Sheet, P & L Account, Fund Now ete + Detalles information of curent assets, investment, debtors, loans, depreciation, cash reserve eto + Transfer pricing for each unit by utility at each point of sale. This pice caulé be worked out for civsion, sub-division up tothe feeder level + Short term investment plans. In the next stage, the separate unit must formulate ise as a complete business unit and should have leas folowing information + GIS mapping ofall assets and meters + Complete consumer profile + Valuation ofall assets, depreciation, debt service charger etc. {Long term investment pians with cost beneft analysis investment rating by Fis1.5 _ Difference between energy accounting and energy auait (this can also be used for the purpose of assessment also if desired) Energy accou Basis defn Importance Procedure. ‘Necessary conditions Precautions: 1.8 Overcoming the Obstacles to Energy Accounting. Problem Solutions: Tack often Present tothe Company the Business case {economic study) that it the company wil loose less money when meters are Installed. Acknowledge tat collections wll rot be 100%. Even with less than 100% Collections the business ease is probably postive, Tack of manpower ‘Make the business case for more staf Lack of computers ‘This Business case is easy, since the cost of ‘computers is low, especialy when ‘compared to the lost revenue. ‘Employees fake bites or exter money| 1. Pay them a compensation package from customers (calary, bonus incentives, rebrement ‘medical and dental plans, optic plans, ‘education support, ef. that puts them in the third quart ofthe Industy and the publi, 2, Then discipine them, Discharge those that are found and proven Io be corrupt; achere to the companies Aiscipinary procedures, 3, Then, civilly, and in some cases criminally, prosecute the special eases. ve | ener *USAID, mnectm timate iar see "mts Se te ‘Time parallax data colesion +” Read ail the motors on one feeder at the same time, on the same day. Greate meter reading routes that are based on feeders, not geography. + Veo the toad survey data recording funtion in the meter on the DY. time slice the energy flow into the feeder fo coince with the day ofthe soute meter reading Conctusion ‘Apzgunting and Aust form the basis for detail and complete evaluston ofthe system [ihtch ig need of he hour. The T&D losses forthe country as a whole are roperted'ts ve about $4% a8 per data received from the utes. However, most of tne ete ee ceeyatun ere reporting losses in the range of 35. 85% and the actual losses i theUSAID nniccnteometermnmta Annex ‘SAMPLE FORMAT FOR COMPUTATION OF LOSSES FOR SYSTEM ELEMENTS ‘SENG. [Sysiom ossos (MU) Losces as % of enaray elements ‘avaliable inthe system ‘DOK Line T= ‘BOR IRV MO MIO transformation 4132 kV Line | Wi =waa 192/39 kV | W2= MAS “Transformation 3SKV Line [mTe=MAT 30/1 kV fart =M 27 “Transformation _| 22 TRV Line & | MIM 2S= ME Distribution | 24 “Transformers* LV ines § | W25= 37 =o Note* The description given refers to the method af calculation of losses in tespect of fan individual 11 KV feeder and should Include the reading of meters on Ine tlstibuton transformers as wel, $ fora typical LV feeder, Refer Exhiit—I for location of meters (M1, M2 )QUSAID __eeectecenrmernter ree Comprehensive GIS Platform Compiled and Provided by ESCI, Hyderabad GIS requirements infuence how GIS software is bul and used. GIS, similar to other Information technology (I), must be implemented ina manner that easily allows: applications to support each organizalion's workions and business requements. This ie accomplished by provding a ganeric software platform that provides comprehensive support for the complete range of geographic knowledge elements as well as ‘comprehensive tools for data management, editing, analysis, and dispay. In this context, GIS sofware can be increasingly thought of as IT infrastructure for assembling large, sophisticated muituser systems. A GIS platform must provide al the ‘capabities necessary to support his erlargod vison, © Geographic database to store and manage all sographic objects «A Webtased network for dtibuied geographic iormatin manapemant and ring © Desktop and server applications for ‘> Data compilation 2 Inlormation query © Spatial analysis and geoprocessing ‘© Cartographic production > Image visualization and expleitaion © Gis data ‘© Modular software components (engines) to embed GIS logic in other applications ‘and build custom appications ‘2 Geographic information services or multtior and centralized GIS systems ‘© A comprehensive GIS platform that meets all geographic requirements “Space er GORE insfon Logo rove anes Carport i sontromyUSAID crmeaetgerrwareeaten, | ME Intetigent Gis. Uetorcaly, humans have learned to express knowedge and share i trough many Aistract forms. We continually explain our human. experonce ‘and ceca, Upietelanding using these abstactone—summais of be leper body of knoe ‘Abstractions, such as text, hieroglyphic, language, mathematics, fusis ond oe Grawings, images, and maps, are used to record and Communicate our cults <2 ‘lization from generaton to generation, As humans, we use many abstractions to express and communicate our Sollective understanding of the earth and its systems. Geography avides a ‘universal framework for abstraction and communication about Sane” In the digital computing ago, we've begun to capture everything we know and share Sess, networks the World Wide Wb). These howe ‘colerfons ae Taneht ecoming igtaly enabled. Simultaneously, GIS is evohing. 10 help te eae, Understand, represent, manage, and communicate many sepects of oor coat on, system Space or nstiion LogoDigital technology is increasingly used to capture everything we know. Geograpty has trattonally provided an important framework and a language for ‘organizing and. communicating Key concepts about our world. GIS provides a comparatively new mechanism for capturing geographic. Knowledge in'fve basic ‘laments: maps and globae, geographic data sats, work low models, data models, and metadata, “These five elements, along with comprehensive GIS sofware logic, form the building Docks for assembling inteligent geographic information systems. Intaligent GIS makes it possible to digitally encapsulate geographic knowledge. These elements provide a foundation for addressing mary challenges using GIS (or example, improvements In cefftene, Inteligent and informed decision making, sclence-based planning. source ‘sccounting,evatation, and communiealion), Gis Software‘GIS abstracts geography into five baslo elements used for Seopraphle knowledge: Theso elements, along with advanced softwere, eee soe the building blocks for intelligent GIS. (oelgent GIS enables the capture and sharing ot geographic knowedge in mary Rime advanced GIS data sets, maps, data models, the expertise of profecconaly at fa Gaveloned Slndarcized 'work flows, and. advanved models of gocrente, Pcesses,Incligent GIS also enables the bung and menayoment of mevenes eposiories that can be published fr ethers fo use AISGIS and the aeodstabase were engineered to suppott this krowedge-besed approach. They enable the Cation, use, management, and sharing Sat sieve wet ‘geographic knowledge Intotigent cis Tiorkoly, humans have leamed to express knowedge and share it trouth many abstract forms. We ‘continually explain our humor cn shoetstanding using these abstactons—summaries of te lager body of knit ‘Goatiactions. such as text, hierolyphics, language, mathematics, fnusie ony os, CFanings. images, and maps, are used to record and communioste Gur taines soKW [Harmonie Order_[334 W333 Odd. Non a = _— ss ir Sas “Be 2 3 2 {gb i hg he 17 a pa hs 225 loss. 25 Joa] itn |USAID eaittititara ts am Control and Measurement Measurements may be taken at any tine by utity al the customer's conecton point Measurements Have to be faken in accordance wth methodologins of IEC 6100-47 or IEEE. STD 5191992 for atleast 26 hours long at 10 minute measurement tral, Voltage Flicker Generated by Users General Descinton Some customer loads draw infermitent current (9 are furnace) or erate a sop increase in cont (0g. metor star. this happans Woquenty and I the magnlge of arent Sean, the resulting vaage fuetaaon wl bo sufcet to causa fick Asan obigaton {2 ‘ther eusiomers, the ficker produced by customers has tobe rested. ‘Gono and Floor is measured at the pont of conection using an approved flcker meter and in ‘accordance wih IEC Si, Meacurament must be taken frat eat hours as a referonce, Enfccementof Limits (AP. Gi Code) Fler mis and corto and measurement proces wil be n eect ont in the fal stage Power Factor Its desirable that son the systom have poms factors ator cose to uniy as that represents the most efciant use of the system capably and the least loss of energy. It also eliminates rary tansontsiaity problems. Any load wilh a power factor lower than 90% is imposing Burdon on the transmission sysom and other Users. Power Companies iereore impose. rostiefons on tho power factors of customér lade, Space GORE ‘nettaten Logo re Fee CootUSAID menlttatcteseatermeteay sera omar fectr sucarges are levi on customers where Tihedlor meteing done and where fis below alowed bts u “hemi poor alowed 90% ‘Contol and Messureant Fa eicer, Meseuremants are made continuously in conjncion wih the votage easurements. Loads with inherent lw powe acer should sufomatcaly oud ea, tocoren the pf Penalty ise rth, power factor worse than S0% may be refused connection to he tansmiston gid ‘nile problem is ecied. Aematey, penal may bene [Enfotement of Limits Impostion of kits of power fcr shallbe wth immediate eect (A. Gd Code) ‘ergot Clearance Ties: Voltage Ges | Total Relay Operation Inne »arahar Opening lao fico isss KY iso mane [sak ——teomere [The above times ell apply ater cantor inter tip and auto retour features are commissioned Inthe TRANSCO System Sera aul clearance Unes for faults on a Users eystom may be agreed tof nthe opinion of TRANECO’, the spam corion wil tom TRANSCO shal fishy the aes enc times of rut brakers cations onmed by GENCO and DISCOM CW ennrnnn [MEE | nerSYSAID nitrate tem RA Protection Requirements Generel Réuiements ‘Al Generating Uns and associated octal equipment of the Generating Uns conected to the Transmission System shall be protocted by sdoquato protacon systems ao thatthe “Transmission System doesnot suffer due to any dsturbanee originating fom any Goneraing Unit. The protecton schemes shal bein sovordanoe withthe CSIP guide ines whi fe fndested bol ‘The folowing are the minimum protection requirements of Aenator and Generator ‘Tranefermers at Generating Stations + Ganerator Dire + Overall Dierental Mam impedance (attematve over curent under votage) + Negative sequence Stator veriond 95% Stator Earth Fut 100% Stator Earth Fut Loas of Extation Pole Sip Norms of Protection Followed For Tansmision& Distibution Lines No] _Votage Protocton Scheme T.P2ORV ime. Pn: Non sched dtance scheme (Fed For Bas PTa) in I Swched datance scheme [Fes fom ine CVT) ith a changeover fatty fem bus PT one CVT and vieversa, Z}S2RV ine [ain Prteaton™ Swvtanes datance scheme (ed fom bas PT) —] Backup Protacton: 2 Nes ractonal DMT ee Relys and 1 No inectoal ION Es olay 3 BOR Vines” Now-drectonal OUTS ae dT EL aS 4” FPTRV Lines Ron-crectonal DMT 2 ole and TE way F CORE [tle | eeUSAID cumin tienes acttae Be Norms of Protection Followed Fr transmissica & Disibuton Lines: * Qn.some of tha ol 220 kV tines one distance scheme wih backup directional DT 3 On & TEL relays were provided { Qasome of ine 132 kV grid ines, ent stance scheme is aval, * NEP fow 68 KV ines aro inservice (ich aro also being phased oul wth distance OGIEL retys, Distribution Line Requirements ance and 11 KY nes shall be provided wih over curant and eth fa prolecon wth ‘without dociona features as given elone Pain Raa tein Racial Feeders ree snareconal Smelag overcurent relays one non-actonlIOMT Earth Faut Rely with stable setings to otian gradation between adjacent Way stan lel Feeders / Rina Feeders: Dietiona!time-ag overcuent and earth faut eas, ‘ona Feeders Transfomet Feoders Fortongfeoders, the relays should have a high se instantaneous elemert ‘Norms of Protection for EHV Class Power Transformers { Woliage atl & capes | —AV'Ste Tvs: ‘Corman aye D AS28817 RVupto 8 | FOIL relays —| ZO says FT | aca ae Bitrelay mya. 2 1EiLrey Buchole OT WT 1 1353 RV ‘FOIL relays |S On reap Dire, ow savaand — | +g Et'ray | ST Etreky — | Buchae Cit Delow 31.5 MA ‘Buchole OT, Wr. 1) 13283 KY Torey | Sonam Dilerenia, Over, SUS.NVAend above | +1 EiLreay | +E relay | Buchas thst eon PRV.OT, Wr W220 Ona — SOL eae Dilerenia, Over, SLSMVARSOMVA | +1dH EX egy | +1 deRuly Buchow, UTC. 2a0s2 Kv - Bucholz PRY, OT WT ¥) 400 220 S avecional OFC Dilerentsh Over a1sMvA ralays wth dr. | relays uth ar. | Buches, OLFC Buco Highoe) +1” | Aigo PRY, OF Whang Sectional GA. | drectonel | Sveroed (la lay. foley. Resticied | lay. Resicied EFF rolay EI tlay GORE nett Cape ‘Pon re Cra ak errant cameos (_Maltton toga | SoeDUSAID aseaestmemrt nn SRA ‘Substation Bus Bar Protection ‘Adequate bus zone proteson for substation bus bas in al 400 kV and 220KV clas substations shale provided Ls: At al 400 kV & 220 KY subettlons Local Breaker Back up protection shal be provided. Design Parameters of Generating Units ‘+ Mow Unt: For new plant 3.2.5) and other pare of tis Code apply. For plant exetng tho specticatons hold fr tho Ife pariod of the equipment. However If certain parts can De replaced at reasonable investmont then those pars shall bo roplaced under 2 Renovation, Renabitatorand Modernization Programme to ensure beter perfomance to conform othe requirements of CTl and EGC. Far example tha Genofators shal replace the Turine ‘Speed Govemors and AVR systems of the alrators, if technically posse In order to ‘meet the operating standards ofthe CTI and IECC. + Gonerters have to comply with other specications in a blatral agreement before the Connection Apptcaton is secoptod in adr to ensure the reqused performance ofthe \ansinsson system and te tla system ‘+ The Generating Unis sal be capable of supplying rated active power output between 0.85 power factor lgglng and 0.85 power factor leading + Thoshor seul rato of Generating Units shal bo not loss than 05. + -AGenerating Unit salle capabio of suppving rated acive power output within the eytom Irequoncy range 49.5 to 605 + Decrease of output wih decreas of frequency: Ary decrease of output inthe Kequency tange 49.5 to 47 Hz should not be more than pr rata wih frequency. ‘The Generating Uns trust be eapeble of operation in 47.5 to 52 Tz range for 8 shor dation wthouk ay eterous effects and wit raducton of fe + Etfct of Voltas Fuctuatons: The MW output of @ Generating Unk should not be afeted by volage changes nthe permissble range. The Reacive Power Ouiput under slecdy slate condone shouldbe fly avalable as per capably coves win a volage range of [ip of nominal va. + Govemors: A now Gonorating units must have automate Goveinore wih a drop of 3 to {8% and automate votage regulators. Power System Stabiizers shall be installed undor biota agreement wth TRANSCO, AD new uns shal have provision for oarporating power syst stabizers, fot provided atthe ti of al commssioning. + Overloads: A new Generating units must Be capable of instantaneously increasing the ‘utput (by auto governing actor) by 8% for @ meni of § mines (plo 108% MCR) ‘when the eytam frequency as +The HY winding of ha Generator Transformer must be sar connected wh the star pint suitable for eating. Tho eating of HV star pot andthe configuration of LV winding shall be such as fo enable TRANSCO to achleve the requrement thatthe Earth Faulk Fator ‘rensmisson Sytom shallbe 14 aess + COGT Modules meant for Gantat Despatch must have FeatStat capably so that SLOG tay use them for Operating sere. CORE | woth teeSAID ana SiReRtTTIIIT me SRT ‘TRAINING PROGRAM DISTRIBUTION BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND IT BASED ‘SOLUTIONS Emerging Technologies for Distribution Loss Reduction by M. V.8. Birinchi, CORE International, Ine.QYSAID Em EE EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR DISTRIBUTION LOSS REDUCTION (HHVDS, ABC, METERING (ELECTRONIC, PRE-PAID, SCADA & D.A) MV. Bich, CORE Intemational, ne. Power utes in-charge of Distribution have taken numerous iniatves to reduoe losses in the system which are discussed in this session Hvps The loads in Rural distibutons are widely dispersed and to fetch a small load of 4 KW (8 HP) lines are run for long distances. Fora 400 KVA load, the amperage at 11 KV | 5 Ampores, where as at LT'tis 140 Amps. Prior to infosuicion of HVDS, 11 KV, 3- hase lines are run upto large sized S-phase transformers 11KV / 433V from which lengty. phase LT fines are run. Such a system is found not sultable for Indian conditions, especially Rural, as voltage profiles is poor, losses are high and outages in supply ae also high HVDS envisages running 11 KV lines right up to a cluster 2 or 3 pumpsets, employ small sized dlstitution transformers (15 KVA) and extend supply to these 2 ot 3 umpsets with leat (or almost ni) LT bes Single Phase HVDS HVDS was fist attempted as single phase system (Le.) running one phase of 11 KV and one neutral wire for 33/11 KV SS, instal small sized 5, 10 or 15 KVA single phase transformers 6250 / 230-0-290 volts and changing all threo phase pumpsets fo single phase purmpsets ABC ‘Where LT lines could not be totaly avoided, ABC (Aerial Bunched Cables) witha bearer wire was used. The major advantages of ABC are tha the faults on LT Ines are totally eliminated, thus improving reliably and also theft by direct tapping is avoided. The authorised consumer !censumars (a couple of them) do not allow uneuthorsed tapping by another as their tansformor gets overloaded or may get damaged, resulting in tage of supply fr longer durations,VSAID antiacctmatommceetaee | MR twas ound tat he sgl phase HVDS ls net praccabe as nilflons of pampeats we tobe enarged and also pump motor mechanic ur! uel ale not Seca ak non how real or manta sings shasspumpects Three phase HVDS Eating LT lines are ungraded to 11 KV and small capacity 3-phase Distbution Tronsformers (15 KVA) ara employed. The change of Insulators (ptt, dace ole) mee enough “The work involves the flowing Case Studies Detalis of four cases where LV.O.S. is changed to 11KV HVDS and the results ‘obtained are explained below. Studies are conducted by erecting a t1KV CT PT set and HT vector meter at OTR locaton (100KVA) existing prior to conversion. ‘The four locations are ‘Kotun ‘Murakkamboty, Patnam and Bangarupalem in chitoordistict of Andhra Pradesh, Existing LT Distribution of KOTTUR -S8-1 39 Agl Services a 3.6kmLT Line a | Lo Spat Inti ogo se Pa gahUSAID reenter ee Existing LT Distribution of Murakambattu - SS -1 24 Ag Secs Sam LT Line 1 no Posy Service 158 km LT Line | 9 Aal Services Soeos er CORE tnfadon Logo one Fans CampinUSAID mntttatsctmsmatret ee 38 Ag Services 3.3km LT Line The details of cropping pattem, lengths of LT lines, pumpsets with connected oad, percentage losses existing prior o conversion fo HVDS were se fans aeees le Supsreans, ody 2 ema S| ie 3h t Pim pas 3 ees [as Pape 4 esse aa 0H 5 [Neots [sage Ha 3 tpat 60 uns 3050 ante oe iB: 7 oa ‘HOD une] eae ors ‘rere wie 82 3 tees ons | Tee sa a Ta7O0 s— T ae 3_[eothe ess — Hawn fare eam _— hao —_.o Soaseter GORE Inston Logo Pon Fm Cee %USAID .nncwateoarerett ng, ‘The HT layouts after conversion of the same areas are now as follows: HT and LT Layout of 39 Agl Services 3.6kmLT Line 2.6 km converted to HT 10 kmLT Line TLNos I5 kVA DTR’s batty SSH FAB Senos Soames 2m convened to HT Os¢kmiT tine TONor 1S KVADTR's GORE Inston Logo owe Face CxprtonUSAID 0 Tad Ste QUSAID _seececemnezaereee 8Nos 1S kVA DTR's (” Agi Services a LS mt tine i 1 | Taptm mete ar i | | eet anew tetnevenie rr ay = B tenes | 38 Agl Servi y 33 kim LT Line 2.5 km converted to HT 0.8 kmLT Line 9'Nos 1S kVA DIR’sUSAID ani ee aan ‘The results obtained and a comparisen between the parameters before and ater conversion o HVDS are ploted below tro See oe z Tpwis_| Sims — | a Trae [es ofenis— [97 ante | dames | 3082 ee [a7 S| seefiiee es] — 5308 Sr sa 3a anv | Mote ares | TERE Tea Tea sie Biden Sis 7 sean | TRE Taam Tae a inteloeer ‘The voltage improvement and loss reduction obtained In all the four cases are as follows Comparison botwoon LT systom with HVD system KOTTURUSS-1 ‘ot Disntes atoms 10 RVAT Tat Tse Li es Tee Sa MURAKAMBATTU SS-I 100KVA No of Dison wastes | 100 KVA™ Toa? 1SKVA= 10a Space or GORE tnethaon Logo tometerUSAID cement mre SAID i a a ape PATNAMSS-1163 KVA, ‘Not Disrhon watenoe Tes CVT "ola Swat Les oes ase “vee S50 Legh ie sof LT Tog Not Dit anions ‘alas al es se 25k ocd TS VA=a in Sake Sosa 1 ‘The Distibution losses which were as high as 19% in some cases were brought down, 105.5%, ‘The results of improvements in taitend voltage, reduction of losses are ilustated in the table below fr four case studies in Chitooreisiet of Andhra Pradesh, SL] teeation Tai End Votage Losses No. (ots) Tbs [HVS _|~“Lvos [VS 7 | Roun ‘360 [420 | “tags [sav 2 | Murakarbata ‘305 | 430 | “43.76 | “sa, ‘3. [Patnam ‘340 | ~a20 | “46.82 | 5.30. 4 [Bangarvpalers 320 | 430} “4630 | “377, Advantages of HVDS + The registered customer wil feel ownership and take responsibilly and not alow others to medate with the LT network, ‘+ Prevention of unauthorized loads by the consumers themselves since the distribution transformer may fail Iicaded beyond te capaciy. * Failure wil be minimal because of on over loading and no meddling of LT lies. COREUSAID sameness, SESE In the event of equipment failure only 2 or 3 customers wil get affected Instead of 25 to 30 customers in orignal system + High quatty of supply since there is practically no voltage drop. + Less bumouts of motors because of good voltage and lees fications ++ Considerable reduction in fine losses and consequent savings in power purchase cost ‘+ Since losses are reduced considerably, Power can be supplied to addtional loads without any futher investment on infrastructure, ‘+ No additonal generation capacity needed for giving new loads due to Fedution in power dravals. '+ Accidents due to touching of snapped conductors reduced due to the fat that the breaker trips at substation since the line is at 17KV ptt STATIC (ELECTRONIC) ENERGY METERS Static Energy Motors re utlized now-a-days at HT Services and LT High value industrial senvces. The Siatic energy meters are microprocessors based. The programmabily of microprocessor has become a useful tol to incorporate different features tke Tamper ata, Iimport-Expor,Time-of day metering, load pattem analysis, Remote meter reading ft. The avaliably of such meters made it possible forthe Electricity Boards to evolve Frew metering avalabilly of such meters made it possible for te Electcty Boards to valve new metering concepts to cater to the requirements of utes and coneumer, ‘The other Important development isthe advent of information tachnology, which now roves solution tothe development isthe advent of information technology, which now Provides solution to the management and interpretation of large masses of data, handheld devioes are used to gather information and transport the same tothe larger ‘computers at he ulities for Onward Processing, ‘The principles of measurements used in elecromechanical systems and the equations governing the measurements aro sill the basis for processor based meters. Only difference is that, these equations are implemented wth dial algoritins, For example: singlexphase active power is given by: CGRE istuton Logo Pome Face CreanQUSAID ._emeyemeeemtergees re ce w= Vims ims os 0 “This can be writen as kwe wr... wat Where Vis the instantaneous magnitude of wotage Hs the instanteneous magnitude of current and Tis ho tine pevod = 1 [Ris iteoral measures the area under @cuve obtained by wotage and cusrent wave In discrete form, suitable for implementing with a processor based mater, this equation can be writen a. sre where Vi and ik are tho sample of voltage and current taken simultaneously, 1 ie the [Dumber of samples obtined in one period. The power i integrated over the tre parca to get the energy There are several techniques associated with sot state metering the various {chniques difer mainly in the ‘ype of mulipliors used. These are bie deserbee below. 1. Mark space amplitude Mutter 2. Hall Mutipter 3. Analog to Digital Conversion and samping Mark Space Amplitude (MSA) Mutipier ‘ype, multiier voltage V is transformed In to pulses which Is near function of tage fo time conversions). These pulses are than amptude modulated by urrent |. The integration of resuting signal's proportional to te energy when tine ‘ene:gy reaches a predefned level, the integrator deivers an output pulse poten i hee Processed, the gure ilustrates a simplified block slagram of @ mark-epace multaice ee (ee | v0@ysaiD _ierouon Buses Mange nea en at sowie ‘Samples are taken from the voltage to the pulse wieth modulator at a rage of some definite frequency. As an output, a pulse frequency is received, the mark-spacs rato of whichis varying according to the valve of instantaneous input vokage. The voltage output signal is used to drive a sampling switch. Height of the output pluses are proportional tothe instantaneous values of the current. At the output of the muir there is thus a signal, the pulse with of which i proportion tothe voltage and neight to current Le, the average value ofthe sigral is proportional to the electic poner. The wave forms are show in Figure 1.2. Wis Schelumberger Industies Meter use MSA Technique for measurement of energy Hall Muttiptior 'A potential citferenco is developed between opposite sides of curent carrying conduct ‘subject to a transverse magnatc feld This Is called Hell effoct and the potential dtflerence, Hall voltage. The current carrying conductor is a semi conductor called Hall Generator. Hall voltage proportional to the product of the ‘wo input variables, catront and fx ———— The Hall effect i derived as a potential aiference Vk which wil appear across ‘te width of a hall crystal when current, [lows along its length 3s shown in figure 1.3. and placed in a magnetic field, at right angles to these two rection, then Hall outputs given by vine So0 ‘Vn = Hall voltage in mv = Hall co-fcient of conductor is Crfeoulours 4USAID nw tiittatrectemterr rime |= Curentinma B= Flux density in Kl cause ‘Thickness of pat in em Ws L8G Static meters use Hall effect principle for measuring energy ‘Analog to Digital Conversion and Sampling ‘The simplified block diagram ie shown below. Ee Fd The input voltage and currents are isolated from the line and sensed through intemal potential end current wansformers. The power supply Votages requed to costs The ‘lectronic fs derived from the input line voltage. The vollage and current are sampled at suitable sample frequency and convertod to eigtal form by analog to dened convertors, Then these values are fed to the microprocessor. The mulcction oF Sea, {age and curent values is done by ths miroprocessor and daplays ts energy, hae Duke ‘Amice and Ms Pl. Industies (secure Meter) use ‘the’ pictoe of measurements, Static Meters ‘Tamper Data The static meter can detect cate pertaining o tamper such os ane {meting@USAID ome, (@) Missing potenti: Gives the infomant on regarding missing of supply to the potential col and records the date and time of such occurence. (©) CT polanty reversal: The meter can also give information regarding _avalablity of load feurent. The meter can also register the non-avalabilty Cf load in a paricular phase compared tothe olner phases. (@ Phase Sequence Reversal: The mater can also recognize proper phase Time-of-day Metering ‘The processor based electronic (stale) meters have buldn Real-time clock. So the time avaiable in a day Le, 24 hours i devided into diferent ime zones. The duration of ‘each time zone is programmable and the usar can define thor me zones a8 per his ‘equirements. ‘The meter records the energy consumed in alfarent me. zones in separate registers and exhibits accordingly. This is known as Tme-otday metering. This system s very useful for utlizing the avaiable electrical energy in an optium way. By revising diferent tarts for péak and oft-peak energies, the consumption during pealcloads can be discouraged. This helps in demand-side management by fatering the peak ofthe demand curve Load Survey Data The static meter has the provision to store the biling and tamper data for 35 days at the species logging interval, say 15 MISO Mls. This useful to draw the load curves of KWH & KVAH, KVA & KVAH. This is known as load survey data which glves complete picture of oad pattern ofthat consumer. ‘The utlty should lve strong consideration to using meters with load survey data, Especaly for those meters on the DTs (either high side or low side). The interval by interval data from tis function helps in several ways. +The energy supplied to the feeder(s) by the DT can be windowed (sid) so that italgns with the energy consumption from the route meter readers, This reduces ‘he “ime parallax’ problem that plagues energy accounting at the feeder love. ‘+The magnitude of the peak load onthe transformer can be measured. ‘+ Tho timo of the poak lad on the transformer can be measured. the metor is on @ customer, especialy a large customer (KWH or Rs) the load profle ‘an be analyzed and suspected times and methods of thet of sence can be identified Such “signature! signal analysis" may not be proof of thet of service, But Inthe hands of 8 revenue protection expert it can holp them ident the mathads and times of theft Investigation and prosecution wil folow, appropriate ORE ermine stan a AUSAID ‘ra nae ar na san Importéxport Metering ‘The static meter can measure the energy in both direciton et, te consumer acting as @ load for some time and feeding into the grid for some other tine, Thief heey os Import/Export metering Meter Reading Instruments ZThe meter reading instrument (MR) is a simple hand held terminal used for data transfor from/to meter tottom the system-computer, MRI can be used for ela vant {tom HT trivector meter for analysis of data & biling. The MRI can be prelosded eins ‘eter numbers to be read and opfonaly the MRI can also have a bar cove reader. The bar code reader will be useful fo identify the serial numberfidentiy of meter ir cose HLT, services with load survey data, MRI is vary essential fr transfer of data ony retor ‘e computer as the data collected is enormous and isnot possible to read mariah, ‘The MRI can also be used for LT energy meters, MRI can also be made to have a Dinter afached tet and a bil can be generated immediately upon teacing the mete In this case the MRI shall contain the moter serial mmbers tobe fead aa the peescus reading. The entre data can be oftloaded atthe end ofthe dey, Tolemetering Transfer of metered data through a communication network is known as telemetering [The meter shall be connected to say a tolephone line at the consumer ent wie Modem. A& the system end also the computer ls connected to the tolophens Was 2 meter. This type of metering system can be very usaf in ease of HT. sowices os wed as substationiservices which require constant mentoring PREPAID METERS — A NEW CONCEPT Introduction Payment before use of elecrlty by the consumar vill ekminate

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