CORE PERIPHERY

By: JOHN FRIEDMANN

 HISTORY

• J. Friedmann maintained that the world can be divided

into four types of region.

1. The core region

2. The upward transitional region
3. The downward transitional region
4. The resource frontier

• Core–periphery models were used in the late 1950s to

explain uneven development and relations of dependency
within countries, particularly in developing economies
where the gradual achievement of economic “equilibrium”
between areas was patently absent.
 DEFINITION

• Describe situations • The core periphery

in which centralized model is a paradigm
economic and commonly employed to
explain varying patterns
political power— of development, both
such as that of a within and between
capital city— regions
dominates a
surrounding, often
rural area.
The Core Periphery Model
of Regional Development
• A. The core region – the focus of
economic, political, and social
activity

• B. The upward transitional

region – a growing economy and
a transition from primary to
secondary and tertiary industries

• C. The resource frontier –

sparsely populated with little
development

• D. The downward
transitional/peripheral region –
characterized by a declining
economy and dwindling population
ADVANTAGE

As viewed from Modernization Theory

A more ‘conventional’ view, Modernization
Theory contends that:
• Economic disparities result from a state of
underdevelopment; that is, a lack of utilization of
available resources
• The core invests capital in the periphery in order
to utilize its resources
• Economic growth of the periphery results from
investments made utilizing the profits generated
by the sale of resources
• As a result, economic imbalances are temporary
DISADVANTAGE

As viewed from Dependency Theory

The theory contends that:

• Economic disparities between the core and

the periphery are purposeful
• The core exploits the periphery in order to
benefit from its wealth