SUMMARY OF TENSES Infinitive -to-+verb Present participle - verbing ‘Past participle - verbed ‘Simple tenses Present Indicative: used for action taking place now or in general verb cat = ait 7 -amos “0 -emos 2 -imos Ido verb 3s ofis «sis ts is Tam verbing an . ot = oa ‘have been verbing *inregulars, stem-changing, -go, ~zco, -jo, spelting change Preterite (Indicative): used for actions that were completed in the past (*special meanings) eed ~ — -amos -imos Iverbed vaste -asteis, iste -isteis I did verb 6 anon 6 -ieron Thave verbed. ‘infogulars, irregular stems, stem-changing (only -ir), spelling changes Imperfect (Indicative): used for ongoing or habitual actions in the past. It also describes the way things were, what used to happen, what was going on, mental and physical states (age, time, feelings) at wit caba—-dbamos famos Tverbed -abas-abais, is isis Tused to vers aba aban ia fan Iwas verbing only 3 irregulars (ser, ir, ver) Thad been verbing, Future (Indicative): used to describe what will take place - can be used to indicate probability about the present “Add endings to infinitives: ~ — -emos “is tis will verb 4 to I probably verb ‘irregular stems Famast be verbing Conditional (Indicative): used to express what would happen under certain circumstances - used after IF clauses and. 1 express probability about the past Add endings to infinitives: 4a jamos I would verb fas -iais| probably verbed fa in ‘Tmnst have verbed *inregular stems (same as future) Present Subjunctive: required in all dependent clauses when the verb of the main clause indicates request, intention, wish, suggestion, recommendation, or preference. Also used after verbs of emotion, doubt, disbelief, uncertainty, disagreement, denial, impersonal expressions - Also after certain conjunctions, **Start with yo form present indicative -> Drop -0 —>add opposite endings = seit < -omos 3 -amos sis 2s fis that I (may)ver 2 om 2m ‘inregulars (ser, it, da, estar, saber) Past Subjunctive: same uses as present subjunctive, but used when main cluase is in the past - also used in contrary to-fuct TF clause ***Start with ellos-form of preterite ~>drop -ron —>add "cheerleader* endings “2 = ramos OR se _semos that Lverbed ms fais “es seis that Ii verb | 2 ran “sen that Ls esting *aoimegulars that Ise that might verb ‘Commands: used to tell someone what do or not to do Verb! Don't verb!(Compound tenses All compound tenses use the past participle and a form of haber. -ar>-ado setlsit~>ido Irregulars: abrir abierto freir frito resolver repaclto decir dicho hacer ‘hecho romper roo escribir escrito imprimir impreso satisfacer satisfecho descubrir descubienlo mori mmerto ver visto escribir escrito poner puesto volver ‘welto ‘Present Perfect (indicative): If the main action has been completed but sill affects the present, use the present perfect. he hemos ‘has habeis, + past participle Thave verbed be han ‘Pluperfect (Indicative): used to describe what had happened before another past event of point in time inthe past. habia habiamos habia habiais + past participle Thad verbed. habla habian Future Perfect (Indicative): used to express what will have happened by a certain point in time. hhabréhabremos hhabris habréis + past participle Twill have verbed fabri habrén ‘Conditional Perfect (Indicative): used to express what would have happened if... ‘habrla habriamos habrias babriais + past participle would have verbed Ihabriahabrian Present Perfect Subjunctive: used like the present perfect indicative, but only after verbs and expressions that require subjunctive. haya hayamos hhayas haydis + past participle that I (may) have verbed. haya hayan ‘Pluperfoct Subjunctive: used like the past perfsct, but after verbs and expressions that require subjunctive, Imibiera hubiéramos ‘mubieras hubicrais + past participle that I (onight) have verbed Imubira ubieran shat Thad verbed OR —Imbiese ubiésemos Ibieses hubieseis + past participle Ihnbiese Iubiesen.