3. A dimensionless group called the Reynolds number is defined for flow in a pipe or tube DVp_ pV? Bw BV/D where V is the average velocity in the pipe, p is the fluid density, yx is the fluid viscosity, D is the tube diameter. The second form of the group indi- cates that it isa ratio of the convective (turbulent) momentum flux to the molecular (viscous) momentum flux, or the ratio of inertial forces (which are destabilizing) to viscous forces (which are stabilizing). When viscous forces dominate over inertial forces, the flow is laminar and fluid elements flow in smooth, straight streamlines, whereas when inertial forces dominate, the flow is unstable and the flow pattern break up into random fluctuating eddies. It is found that laminar flow in a pipe occurs as long as the value of the Reynolds number is less than 2000. Calculate the maximum velocity and the corresponding flow rate (in ‘em*/s) at which laminar flow of water is possible in tubes with the following diameters: Nee = D=0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 10.0in 10, The following formula for the pressure drop through a valve was found in a design manual: 122 Ky? “head loss” in feet of fluid flowing through the valve, sionless resistance coefficient for the valve, q = flow rate through the valve, in ft*/s, and d = diameter of the valve, in inches. (a) Can this equation be used without changing anything if SI units are used for the variables? Explain. (6) What are the dimensions of “522” in this equation? What are its units? (c) Determine the pressure drop through a 2-in. valve with a K of 4 for water at 20°C flowing at a rate of 50 gpm (gal/min), in units of (1) feet of water, (2) psi, (3) atm, (4) Pa, (5) dyn/em?, and (6) inches of mercury.2. The viscosity of a fluid sample is measured in a cup-and-bob viscometer. The bob is 15cm long with a diameter of 9.8m, and the cup has a diameter of 10cm. The cup rotates, and the torque is measured on the bob. The following, data were obtained: 2 (rpm) T (dyn em) 2 3.6 x 10° 4 3.8 x 10° 10 4.4 x 10° 20 5.4 x 10° 40 7.4 x 10° (a) Determine the viscosity of the sample. (b) What viscosity model equation would be the most appropriate for deserib- ing the viscosity of this sample? Convert the data to corresponding values of viscosity versus shear rate, and plot them on appropriate axes consistent with the data and your equation. Use linear regression analysis in a form that is consistent with the plot to determine the values of each of the para- meters in your equation, (c) What is the viscosity of this sample at a cup speed of 100rpm in the viscometer?3-29 Un manémetro de mercurio (p = 13 600 kg/m?) esta co- nectado a un ducto de aire para medir la presion en el interior. La diferencia en los niveles del manémetro es de 15 mm y la presién atmosférica es de 100 kPa. a) Establezca un juicio con base en la figura P3-29 y determine si la presi6n en el ducto es- t4 por arriba o por abajo de la atmosférica. b) Determine Ia pre- sién absoluta en el ducto AIRE T h=15 mm mL IS FIGURA P3-29