es TRANSFORMATION in 3-D y Jn. a 3 ; alale 4 skee one has Ue fallen 4 sles fom po: ren Pole Fore. Jace on urluck Ute oulée retunal iy tx Uc ie g te Con ordimale Ary, (0.9 A8GE,dEFG, BCG eplie fae on whe Pare prea oon the o lle meglire co-ctuak 215 (7 IDE, OAC, ] i () oAre) SIGN CONJENTION ave shess usllbe Af dure Chat aely om +VE COo%diunth diverter o- tue i and -ve tootdenrk diedion Mm ~ve fecesang plane one has one rotmal Aly erg ap bin hanting! Ahegses Lie @ STRESS VECTOR) 1 TH Cormel shiewes T (Shear shenes) %E, aan a’ 3,0" Gee «es, Se Coy Vag) Seton (Sj - - Ge Sy Tez Shieks velox npr od lacy bymmaline Tex Cy Sez [sien vel (of ark 2) ees From Mamet Gllm — Typ > Gy Jus lend 9 9 ut ull howe inolepenisead elem entsQueelion + We LuswTe Lies [enter Ty uw he myn Co- rdwale A pleoe Cam we fisd Te Lies lentet Si te The 3952" flim where mee in eblarned fim PF 7] helalion. y yy! 9, Hard Iptnalion lenkent y b ™ % \ here b= Os Cx) | | me cos Casy! z’ l; ™m, Moe n, = Gos(r)Z) ee .. Tent Ty Cy’ Go te gy tye’ Gy ty GeSrebinecl fre AB had rrovnal te x’ diveckion Du nchined face ABC. Ty! J Nokmar Shemes Ty Cale’ —> SHEAR StressesMes, we Apert the berg veelsy on Tag scbied pore bral hsee Com prone Atlolive 45 tbe 04,2 batten ive Ta Ty € Ve Bot Kee Compeneat 4G - To heme Byers veelsr TO om clined face ABC with, etna det ain *BC = A= px AC & 86 hen AoC = Z + AC *0G = fk AC * 86 G18 St AC K BG RM, = Am Sinaia 5 aes fot “M Ghea BOA = An, crFico a Tne Kt + Ga &, + Gy n= hy The Gah + Tye mt Gym —O FF 2H Tey 64 Gyn + Gym EFe-03 To, Geli 4 Tem 4 Gz, T4722 Cpivalent Mien, veekt toptesenlalions oy fa in chnad plane ABC 4, Gy, Ge’ Slap Tae Srl 4 Ceym, + Cen, Ty? Ty bs Say + Ty3%1 @) Tas Cath + Tyzm 42 myTag Ty re y (t ae I(t Sry ‘| —@& Tag Tye 6z2/ Relulicnshp & Tx, u 4 iz Ap Gal» Gy g Cun’ Prejeding Ty Gale tin Ab eelion gv Oye Tal, + Tym + Tzn, @® CD in 2 Sua! = (eal 1Togmt Coan, ot Cop +5)4m, 4 Tym) + (Gel, #Tyem, + Gan)n, Saal s Goh? + Gym? + Gan? ‘altho Groat)Soni ) one mad pigedt TH, ™ Tz ts if ection eg +t Guy ce) Tt dm t lzny ¢ coe On @ Cat's Sx hh +5) mins + O22 An, + Cy (4m, +m) + Tyzlim +n,me) tse Cun an, &) ® Sui ecling Ty, Ty, Te m 2’ oblechion, 1 Eden d a ye Ca! = Sx 4b + Sy mm + Sonny +l (Ling +m,G) + TyeComanjmr) 4 Vz (ay 4») —6) 67 Gy’ Try’ “Ca2’\. a! aermal ye Tay yy’ ty2’ _ i” 4 al NG’ Cyn Gee’ J — 3 navn One ON). PPBE & plame uch that he normal Couuides | uth "the i htc ¢ pieced un bawe L tb 0 bam z ys Ct fy! fy! C4 Ge lis Me ee os Coy) 4 povally pata plane fuck Wat netunal lawecdeg tov, he 5 Avedon 4 obloniSez’) Cut ) Cy C4 Crete Une! q Gy? Cy’2) Méwsh Form (Malice Nolilios) Eqnadion (2),(4) € (5D can be wtillen ar Gy = Ck Ty Fy) (=) a Gy’ = (he % Te) (“) ny Giz: (hk % Te) (=) ny Li La he F, V4 Combuumag above My ge GM) Bens reg [Sw Ty Ge \= [lo mn, ! 6 “tay Vue { , ¢ Coz |. \ Gey! “i Ww m) Wy oxy td d \s dam 3% 7 Ge S22 oy 4 me Neg wy) felt OG] Jel"> Ct % q)- (m9) (6:4) Ye (a FT) (*)Paob Shiets enter af @ powt P 1§ quew by (s)) 2 (: : 3 : Coe Spek Tew sos 2 0 4 Delermne aelion (Sheas, vecley ow plane ad P vhete wul riotmal 4 ~ 26-2,’ ! 4 > & 3% 485, where é, i, ey we unl Veclsia tm OH Co-ovd. System Solukiow —_ Tx t (%)- [5] (=| Te ny - [7 0 -2 %, os oll). {4 2 2 O : % “"y, spt Mase 3 } re +@) = 4é - 126, {hop Fa pterins problen fend we () lem percul gia i by plane Ce in Oliver Bim of normal g vw) waar lide 4 £00) w) L belineen + 10) gxvy Was ji lyse em = camp, of F(A) along a (4e! - pe) (8 -$4446) 3 44 (&) 3 \{?| > pepe a > 42 vy 39 = JO a _ 4M/y eo $2 6= >) thant 4Stieas lew of pout P ix quien by a 5 3 1 OMe ae Delornune Mies veel om plat pating ihcaegh Alay & petallel be planetBe as thom es 1 Xa SA (050,6) —- 3.x (02,2) ane OX; + by, + Cla = %-O(6,3,6)>) me consland Swbshibiling (Co-Ctdrinrals of A,BC ere costs —® Wang 8) »@d q s x + da, + dw, eh G 3x, + 6x, + 243 = 12. Neod meu & @) 4 (4%) = Bx,+& 4255-12 =0 & Uf un veclia matin Le (betpoce 4 (74%) 20 urban v= é we +28 % - BG +6e, te U veeke need bf =o A> tat matnals VE = 96928, il eae 2 3+ 634228, 4 FF > A n “4 ie 7 -5 o\{3 ai 6 bi 5 z 1 4, oO = (h 1/4~ f ca) = -24 is e + We, ye A Sshle 4 ther wk Xi) % Ay 4 oven by Bop a: J 2 ff 0 - o 6 Delimuse G fo halalid ares G's 2’) 3 Aelaled 6 waptaun ed ancy My Wranston mali sr Jenene A * Fy 2 OS ( 1%) i ' , - %y 4% ; (Gq) AVG) ___@ so © Oo Ya -l 24 0 We(B= CGA) — @ a wweuest © Indveiak for Reetal) fom of 29 alin O {eam boalhes le v0 ok 7 , , A Ga AB Gs Sovoun katt = a, Ls Cid (5 ip 675) - ( —~ © wp Tensor Sypalion h@ ne have t Auws (vet the app toptelt tonge) fer tole, [hak ake repealed ve cay oe Cepeated tn tenn on : RAS cf @. Repealed wdieos An rot Lowe W Seem in cack Lym 64 He lense ear, ghey are called hernmy tuch'ces , ben ce oe ona Use Cy ole, Lubecupt "La replace Theew wiitrout cllenng deg rn taening of soja . When indo “wit sopeakd iy a fee thdox fre ach e8, td oppee, um entty ler ote lew bb, EQUA Tio. /Te ange 4 vg 42 4 alto try 755 2/927 Caxpanclaig Gn > 4 (4s Ge + hy bey v Gs Tez ) C= Ge MYR Co (bes Ge Ey Gy + Gs Gy) vey GJ OPz a se Gad A Cy +(Gr2) 2, 64° Lh jt Ope 50 higrig 72 x'gSex! Cure Gale bow (C41 Gat bey by +b Ge) Cyn! (an! Te Lyx’ Gy? ben! Ge) + ee Cyt pH Tag bed %,)| Ub Ga tm Gags, To) (4 Gay t Syyt n, Ta) +(e +m Ge +n, 6s) Nolo Ty = ler Gs Cy Aepreredk 9 275 fy Ig mint Combsnalion of »,5 Tensess of order z j m0. tadependeid corn porneil = 3" wobore, n= tank of léwerr For Sealan 970, for veel 24 Sept Cyrapda col (Mphy's cotalos) Ge G t+ OG a + 6zn> + allay lat Tyan + Gent) ‘ 0 G all sobscreply on Lmn are 1 & Cqualica fn 6° we Gn dap am whorl hameyng the sae A au 2 ded dmeane 17Equalion ©, ab bang 0b wt lay a Ue fame pont, ques Gl oe "Wiig. of 2" vetvobles, Arnce Lymn Be Aebatea by C4m and 21 Cheoteig (tabutrarity) Lym bi be wolepmenclout (Ciccone ese at om 2 6x’ 2 OL 2 : ma = + = Galt Gum 4 Gre 42a (t= Uy Cyan Sh) - ~o > GL4 AWENDH 42 (Tyme GzP + Gow ve OL eR ee 92ST (Cm, for Slalionarg Fl > L,,*,) Suni lark, Gn 1 + Be oo @ om ° mm 4 nba. ea Sh E-EL 2®@ hl % © C AInlinprefalin a e Claim that Ty The noimd sheesom The plave uth newdl A, ard alto Mat tere thm hear, Lies ow this plane Prosf x zx Ascumign validied ous, claim wt proj Tum be m, J 2 vol at ort T v7 > Costs, = ot & TH = 6 8h p= oe 4 Tr = TAD GH J sy hey ek —_— UY L in a 2) wb cdevkeal t YU) > This Abowd Yak plave defuned by Azld+eAGanhA wa fn pe paws (ite GL aelwened rar ov ruin) F alto! au Ma Hon, Mek 6 210 on buck planes How be fad magn bile of ©? Card algy Aéourled A) % > Gl+ Gym + ted = Ft g Ty = Galt Ty + Ue = Om § Te > Cl + zm 1 GaSe ORCAV fx} = 2453 Anancal Grenmloe pablo (TO) > Eigen vatuc Crna (423) > EIGEN Veeley @-a)l + Gym + Gen -9 Tuy +G-o)m +TyzK <0 { ® Txt 4 Tah + (G&-DA=0 For non Frivroh bol of ae Fomegeucouds fin f TE he lero of the Me three tools gts te “ove princspel Hiss E6766) three EIGEN Te os ques vals L- G4 Oy 4 6% fd a ty Oy Lys G5 +5 G + Soa de Ci z Stun of co felon 4 a elie oval @ymd 4 oi: oy Ge Gz icra G ke oz Gz & + ln, A §l,e | ty (Ge oy % Gz Gz Sz frewerdhe ash -eaek Cipemralue fi, baa, Thete Y au ia A LDA =A =A 0 = LG +me ines s to & A) 6 Pearcipal plowe Camanr=1 (nnet ose Shes tensor at a pout Pix qi wtb axe, Ot, 4, 4 byDobe rcine Ue prsrupal jess values 6 Pou cpal thes digeclions Aepreseuted oy O,,* ant ast Sele ee 3-5 | 1 1 -6 2 1 2-6 agel e Vurtse_ ec+e 20 fein 128. thi -32 -6 8 | -2 28 (021 a seat) } -2 -8 0 Grscreowe 2 clrag-8 (T-1) Fired s Choc eg =F (4) 42(5-9) = (642) (6-4) C61) (642) (5-u)20eu, Gat 5 See (6 76> 6) Evgen elo ato waled untrh 5 = -2 i (312) +H? gn, 2 20 ao z t no 20 ay oa 2n, Fee) > ‘ <7) ® 20) e F oP. ml m2 4a + mgs J Co aes Qn, a 2+] 4! = tz Ms, ' Choosing mi. +e Then 7! > =e —> «* Sei laal yg e4 ae ns Ly PL 175?» Ye BB B 3 £508 0) a) 0 an, 28 mos-d 9.1 2 1 x ! Ie ) ye? 3 Fa |) @_%3(4). EP U8 |e Me MGcreck the Aigle Uriad Keguineweid of Ong ag 1% é* 2 é-t4-14 (G4 65. OA) ai cn acai cled Ax 1A aA Gy = ives Ro Ae nm i €, > O + de> BS A A Chek 6" 2 |G ef S - ~-t 4 G% kK & ) - _y. in 4s ty A 7h 2) B 24) : OG is) “6G +R) +e 3 i a) A = &,* (O:k) — pu fn Unptuned On, Te hers lever iA gen & = (% Oo Oo “t=( 9 TC 0 oo 7 Delenuine Te Ebi ews en &o2. fn the piuwed anes trea feed a isn , ay Ws alu i a @ § aNew — ealho netuelily Propenl Can he Cnprressed 2h Ney in = Sie (Columns) Mf aj = Six (Yew) (beg ~> kKhoneckeR della wae 4 Cay | isa sf sade (9 conpenest aed Si > bys $331 Sj 20 Chwc +4) ey Qk = Sit yj Oy + 5 Ioy a 24 Is = Sty Soy gol, kel Qs %y 4% %, + 931 %) = Sy 2! Sy fo} sbee i, Ay 4 % 4) +5, 935 = S20Fad Os QPe yt ca] O,2-¢h 2s ~ Je Cheow Gse tl Me, ohenstnall by first § eens boa 444,41 -6 | Buh ee 2 4 Ca? + ae! Soboig inal liner Met 5 ee te ie Fivell 93205 On = - he So fal7 /K 4 4 o [A] B Sf B “2 kL ok So 6 O -L Lt ke f2 (f’) = WO a) _/too droslalic Mili otto (34 ¢\° ‘i Shag!Shiewes ow an oHleque plave wn leans of pruncipeek MCHEeS. a . i n Game rh \ ake aieo a3 ----- 24 4,2,3 > prinupel anes g o 0 [s (6) = o GO DY oO ioe Stole 4 Mies on obliqn plane defined hy VeLual 1 ple lefed by n =Lhs me, +d, Can be pressed wy they dirt for © Th, ys Te Go gd, 2-93) o) Ox") Ty) C'z’ where x! thin dneetion of total nGl ‘v § Ty = Ga § Te= Go Resullist stro Te Tes Tt Be G04 G+ & nv ——Q Ménabvely Te Ole Tey +T 2c CO — @ CO & tesulliul Leow Mies) pole @ 0 C4Ce UG dG —O Firms prewond, wok 8 G/2 2 GC tGyortr Ge ier Lint Term + Crz rh) > =O a Gt Get Gm? —O Wang O o@ ae CLs 67024 Gr —(GE+G by Gr?- Expanding & Ukew b= (22m? pr® Pp “4 ‘i bend = Cant 4 tents me¢l? 2 2s (5-6) Ca? + (G- Gm? n? + (5-H) ret \ RTs [ie-aftn + 6-6)" (6-500"] 2 9. - r iss Deleaw. re Nhe petal & hhear khesed cw a plane G por culag vinpedlannce in [rilure Kee /Aepaceew: Je fare NBL 6h Bown , Guile Ph PB EBC , (12,3 2 PRINGPALYSohn (aman? at (0emen) 3's! Pe we snr sa | | % | a yn Kes ~ fon Laie | Ma | -) 1 \ \ MB \4 i245 3 [ts Yong Qs wd seh = a) Top 2 [OGG (5-GF + (5-6) * 9%)? = 20, - 6T, Ge 55+ 65,+ BS) fluig® - © Ter = $I +G 4G) f= GH) ream siiees seal I: fu. afd, Gi, m feria ye bg Tort. = 4 (G4 Oya i)Eg = (BGP (Gy GY + (Ge GP +(e Grea) MOHR'S CIRCLES FOR STRESS TEANSFORMATION m 3-D Assamag 57 5 7 Gr > newmal slresy n gant Ts > Aesullit bheog 2 S, Les | 4). G4 G? / NV 83 . — 40h ] “ Shess veoh ‘” Aad normal ii a bow components 2 Thor Os Eats Gn? + GMs avs fk i. 2 Fir S WaGre Gn? 4 9Opnf 4 Oy ng Js a?an,? +7? Solve dav n,*, ny ans? Hw OG Gus 2 Op? ty2 - Fg )+ 54 Ja) V6 Gu I+ = (G5 i a (5 -G)G 5s) act) Sa a) 5) (Gs) + 2 nes = een , Tp) (G,- 6, \4 67 6) hy - Ue -G) (a 5) a g ts; G; ) CG, 5H) 40> _—@ = nN a (Sq -G) (on - _&) | - ir @ mag be [ecok Me Me ; [Sx aa + (4:8 ye O oFO vag le fhecast as ¢ [Se (Geta) ts (6G) (GG) + (G-88)> © mag be Arcot ab [Su - (G1) ]+%"= 132 (G-5)(G ~&)(-%) + + (G8) “So! 20 g How en iy dp we | ow deh te find Co-or- divales rf Ata ees 5 #8 ow «fl pwc depied by notwal A ’>, A» clad + cope + cola dy where We dueclon Ketines ate rmeattized telaluelFa2d it , P69 Mase She of shew ferred & anes Oy, r, ey - 2. f[S 0 *O lS Sf “ Oo -2 14 cally, Shy egvedler der mine anshakically 4 § dere o, bi taeda ow plane whose uml | yorunal ne 26g Solution, Mi i. “ee -100; 5 we, y= ea = +10 Qs = [yore ww = Fo-F/yGraphical. 4, We fut neod principal Mresses (Solulion ea choracknshe S-F 9 © o -6T 72 ° o ~ =o Sy 10, Gye Ope aS 2- We vieed apal dacelos Onty, %5,* Lhe fallewsing ray ke blamed: é5S) Need 1* * f * D2 1, 5 A x) + (17 m0) 47, (030045) = NO +78), +75 23 Gi Now fod ales §,P4e (8) 2 -9,* =e 3 &- 705° (3 6 = nn 2%, 2 @= 462° (og 2 nse 7 4g.2° « k, B “Conon a2 oD Su - 1% ag G5 >207/g AVeal = [ (4) G0-esyc10-c) + (SE) = = &lé Cub ot OQ, § Aadins = 8.16 Cordhrivet are led ty fg 2loralt) “ley (2s)C-19) HIS) = 12-93 Be Ser liset at a point iS given by =f? 9 9 J 0 -G -1I2 o-n2 4 Deleriive Cray U0 hed poe € Gow hat Ll ads wm a Plaue wleck beset moreimumn G rms net. Ady exe plover. Selliers == We fat fe J price Aj exes Tp: Ty Tr o z= 10, Tes, I 2 10 Cra = lo!) = 12-5 2 so 5 lo, 4 a & 5The retmal A may be ed coor duals pF F Sag Hhown Reaute apuited o Prid Campuoments ta (ed of Seboncal