VocabQuizunit5

BenSpillum
EconomicDevelopment
A)PrimarySectoroftheEconomyB)SecondarySectorofthe
Economy
C)TertiarySectoroftheEconomyD)EconomicBaseModel
E)SubsistenceEconomiesF)SocialDevelopment
G)EconomicDevelopmentH)MoreDeveloped
Countries
I)LeastDevelopedCountriesJ)TheHumanDevelopment
Index
K)TheNorth/SouthSplitL)FairTradeMovement
M)MicroLendingN)FormalEconomy
O)InformalEconomyP)DigitalDivide
Q)ForeignDirectInvestmentR)TechnologyTransfer
S)DebtCrisis
1.__________Theportionofaneconomythatincludeslightand
heavyindustrialmanufacturersoffinishedgoodsandproductsfrom
rawmaterials
2.__________(Development)aboutputtingpeopleatthecenterof
development,meansacommitmentthatdevelopmentprocessesneedto

benefitpeople,particularlybutnotonlythepoor,butalsoarecognition
thatpeople,andthewaytheyinteractingroupsandsociety
3.__________Astatisticaltoolusedtomeasureacountry'soverall
achievementinitssocialandeconomicdimensions
4.__________(Economy)aworkerhasnoformalcontractwithhis
employer,hasnosystematicworkconditions,getsirregularlyand
unevenlypaid,hasnoforumtoexpresshisgrievances,hasnofixed
hoursofworkandmostlyearnshandtomouth,andisnotcoveredby
anykindofsocialsecuritysystemandhaspoorknowledgeaboutthe
needtoprotecthimselfsociallyandeconomically
5.__________Asituationinwhichthelargedebtsowedbyanumber
ofindividuals,organizationsorcountriesthreatentooverwhelmthem,
sothattheybecomeunabletoservicetheirdebtswhich,inturn,may
threatenthestabilityoflargerstructures
6.__________Thesocioeconomicandpoliticaldivisionthatexists
betweenthewealthydevelopedcountries,knowncollectivelyasthe
North,andthepoorerdevelopingcountries(leastdeveloped
countries),ortheSouth
7.__________Thesectorofaneconomymakingdirectuseofnatural
resources
8.__________Acountrythat,accordingtotheUnitedNations,
exhibitsthelowestindicatorsofsocioeconomicdevelopment,withthe
lowestHumanDevelopmentIndexratingsofallcountriesintheworld
9.__________DevelopedbyRobertMurrayHaig,positsthatactivities
inanareadivideintotwocategories:basicandnonbasic
10.__________Thepracticeofgrantingsmallloanstothoseinneed

11.__________acontrollingownershipinabusinessenterpriseinone
countrybyanentitybasedinanothercountry
12.__________(Economy)aworkerhasaformalcontractwiththe
employer,haspredefinedworkconditionsandjobresponsibilities,
getsanassuredanddecentfixedsalarywithperksandincentives,has
fixeddurationofworktime,ispartofanorganizedgroupofpeople
workinginthesameenvironmentandislegallyandsociallyaware
aboutitsrights,andiscoveredbyasocialsecurityforhealthandlife
risks
13.__________Acountrywithalotofindustrialactivityandwhere
peoplegenerallyhavehighincomes
14.__________Consistsofindustries,whichprovideaservice,suchas
transportandfinance
15.__________Thegulfbetweenthosewhohavereadyaccessto
computersandtheInternet,andthosewhodonot
16.__________Thetransferofnewtechnologyfromtheoriginatorto
asecondaryuser,especiallyfromdevelopedtolessdevelopedcountries
inanattempttoboosttheireconomies
17.__________(Development)focusesonimprovingtheeconomiesof
developingcountries.Developmenteconomicsconsidershowto
promoteeconomicgrowthinsuchcountriesbyimprovingfactorslike
health,education,workingconditions,domesticandinternational
policiesandmarketconditions
18.__________Nonmonetaryeconomythatreliesonnatural
resourcestoprovideforbasicneeds,throughhunting,gathering,and
subsistenceagriculture
19.__________Amovementwhosegoalistohelpproducersin

developingcountriestogetafairpricefortheirproductssoastoreduce
poverty,providefortheethicaltreatmentofworkersandfarmers,and
promoteenvironmentallysustainablepractices

PrimaryActivitiesAgricultureandMining
A)SubsistenceAgricultureB)IntensiveSubsistence
Agriculture
C)VonThunenModelofAgriculturalProduction
D)GreenRevolutionE)BenefitsofGreen
Revolution
F)DrawbacksofGreenRevolutionG)Monoculture
H)AgricultureI)ExtensiveSubsistence
Agriculture
J)GeneticallyModifiedOrganisms(GMO)K)Examplesof
Globalization(Agriculture)
L)CommercialAgricultureM)Agricultural
Revolutions
N)AgribusinessO)Sustainableagriculture
P)IntensiveCommercialAgricultureQ)ExtensiveCommercial
Agriculture
R)Aquaculture
1.__________Thescienceorpracticeoffarming,includingcultivation

ofthesoilforthegrowingofcropsandtherearingofanimalsto
providefood,wool,andotherproducts
2.__________Theproductionofcropsandfarmanimalsforsale,
usuallywiththeuseofmoderntechnology
3.__________Selfsufficiencyfarminginwhichthefarmersfocuson
growingenoughfoodtofeedthemselvesandtheirfamilies
4.__________Aperiodoftransitionfromthepreagriculturalperiod
characterizedbyaPaleolithicdiet,intoanagriculturalperiod
characterizedbyadietofcultivatedfoods;orafurthertransitionfroma
livingformofagricultureintoamoreadvancedandmoreproductive
formofagriculture
5.__________Useoflargeamountsoflandwithminimallaborper
landunit(pastoralnomadismandshiftingcultivation)
6.__________Aformofsubsistenceagricultureinwhichfarmers
mustexpendarelativelylargeamountofefforttoproducethe
maximumfeasibleyieldfromaparcelofland
7.__________Acroporlivestocksysteminwhichlandqualityor
extentismoreimportantthancapitalorlaborinputsindetermining
output
8.__________Anykindofagricultureactivitythatinvolveseffective
andefficientuseoflaboronsmallplotsoflandtomaximizecropyield
9.__________Showedhowmarketprocessescoulddeterminehow
landindifferentlocationswouldbeused
10.__________Alargeincreaseincropproductionindeveloping
countriesachievedbytheuseoffertilizers,pesticides,andhighyield
cropvarieties

11.__________Theagriculturalindustrywasabletoproducemuch
largerquantitiesoffood,abilitytofeedagrowingpopulation,less
forestornaturallandneededtobeconvertedtofarmlandtoproduce
morefood,madeitpossibletogrowmorecropsonroughlythesame
amountoflandwithasimilaramountofeffort,andreducedproduction
costsresultingincheaperpricesforfoodinthemarket.
12.__________Increasingpollutionanderosion,resultinginlower
soilquality,watershortagesanddroughts,andtheconsumptionof
moreenergy
13.__________Anindustryengagedintheproducingoperationsofa
farm,themanufactureanddistributionoffarmequipmentandsupplies,
andtheprocessing,storage,anddistributionoffarmcommodities
14.__________Anyorganismwhosegeneticmaterialhasbeenaltered
usinggeneticengineeringtechniques,thesourceofgenetically
modifiedfoods,andarealsowidelyusedinscientificresearchandto
producegoodsotherthanfood
15.__________Thecultivationofasinglecropinagivenarea
16.__________Thehighfoodpricesin2008(foodcrisis)
Speculationonfuturemarket,highoilprices,increaseddemandfor
biofuels,andgovernmentsubsidiesonbiofuelproductionpushedup
foodprices,reactionofcountrieslikeIndiaandVietnamoflimitingor
banningcertainfooditemexportsfurtherincreasedthefoodprice
becauselessfooditemsarebeingtradedintheworldmarket
17.__________Theactoffarmingusingprinciplesofecology,the
studyofrelationshipsbetweenorganismsandtheirenvironment
18.__________Therearingofaquaticanimalsorthecultivationof
aquaticplantsforfood


SecondaryActivitiesManufacturingandProduction
A)TheIndustrialRevolutionB)OriginoftheIndustrial
Revolution
C)GrowthoftheIndustrialRevolutionD)Diffusionofthe
IndustrialRevolution
E)ManufacturingRegionsoftheWorldF)Fordism
G)BulkGainingIndustries(ExampleandApplication)
H)BulkReducingIndustries(ExampleandApplication)
I)SituationalFactorsofIndustrialLocationJ)SiteFactorsofIndustrial
Location
K)JustintimeManufacturingL)Maquiladoras
M)AgglomerationN)Deglomeration
O)ExportProcessingZones(EPZs)P)SpecialEconomic
Zones(SEZs)
Q)OutsourcingR)ExamplesofOutsourcing
S)ReasonsforOutsourcingT)Deindustrialization
1.__________Obtain(goodsoraservice)fromanoutsideorforeign
supplier,especiallyinplaceofaninternalsource
2.__________Loweroperationalandlaborcosts,enablecompaniesto

tapintoandleverageaglobalknowledgebase,gainaccesstoresources
notavailableinternally,savecostsandprovideabuffercapitalfundto
companiesthatcouldbeleveragedinamannerthatbestprofitsthe
company
3.__________Designatedareasincountriesthatpossessspecial
economicregulationsthataredifferentfromotherareasinthesame
country,conductivetoforeigndirectinvestment
4.__________Anindustryinwhichthefinalproductweighsmoreor
comprisesagreatervolumethantheinputs
Softdrinkbottlingindustry
Productgainsvolumeorweightthroughoutproduction
5.__________Almosteveryaspectofdailylifewaseventually
influencedinsomeway,mostnotably,averageincomeandpopulation
begantoexhibitunprecedentedsustainedgrowth,inthetwocenturies
following1800,theworld'saveragepercapitaincomeincreasedover
10fold,whiletheworld'spopulationincreasedover6fold
6.__________Thetransitiontonewmanufacturingprocessesinthe
periodfromabout1760tosometimebetween1820and1840
7.__________Labor,landandcapital
8.__________Asnowballinggeographicalprocessbywhich
secondaryandserviceindustrialactivitiesbecomeclusteredincities
andcompactindustrialregionsinordertoshareinfrastructureand
markets
9.__________Industrieslocatenearinputstotakeadvantageofcertain
naturalresourcesandtoreducebulk

10.__________Anindustryinwhichthefinalproductweighslessor
comprisesalowervolumethantheinputs
Copperindustry
Productlosesvolumeorweightthroughoutproduction
11.__________Inearly1800s,innovationsdiffusedintomainland
Europe,Inlate1800s,innovationsdiffusedtosomeregionswithout
coal
12.__________Declineinindustrialactivityinaregionoreconomy
13.__________Theprocessofindustrialdeconcentrationinresponse
totechnologicaladvancesand/orincreasingcostsduetocongestionand
competition
14.__________AfactoryinMexicorunbyaforeigncompanyand
exportingitsproductstothecountryofthatcompany
15.__________Barcelona,Chicago,Detroit,Houston,Osaka,
Randstad,SanJose,SoPaulo,Seoul,Shanghai,Singapore,Tokyo,
Toronto
16.__________FirststartedinEnglandfromwhereitrapidlyspreadto
theU.S.A.andlatertoEurope
17.__________Anotionofamoderneconomicandsocialsystem
basedonanindustrializedandstandardizedformofmassproduction
18.__________Humanresourcemanagement,facilitiesmanagement,
supplychainmanagement,accounting,customersupportandservice,
marketing,computeraideddesign,research,design,contentwriting,
engineering,diagnosticservices,andlegaldocumentation

19.__________Aninventorystrategycompaniesemploytoincrease
efficiencyanddecreasewastebyreceivinggoodsonlyastheyare
neededintheproductionprocess,therebyreducinginventorycosts
20.__________Areaswithindevelopingcountriesthatofferincentives
andabarrierfreeenvironmenttopromoteeconomicgrowthby
attractingforeigninvestmentforexportorientedproduction
TertiaryActivitiesServicesandtheKnowledgeEconomy
A)InternationalDivisionofLaborB)Postindustrial
C)MultiplierEffectD)EconomiesofScale
E)FootlooseIndustryF)TransnationalCorporation
G)Threshold/RangeH)Outsourcing/Offshoring
1.__________Aproportionatesavingincostsgainedbyanincreased
levelofproduction
2.__________generaltermforanindustrythatcanbeplacedand
locatedatanylocationwithouteffectfromfactorssuchasresourcesor
transport
3.__________Coinedbytheoristsseekingtoexplainthespatialshift
ofmanufacturingindustriesfromadvancedcapitalistcountriesto
developingcountries
4.__________Aneffectineconomicsinwhichanincreasein
spendingproducesanincreaseinnationalincomeandconsumption
greaterthantheinitialamountspent
5.__________Thepracticeofbasingsomeofacompany'sprocesses
orservicesoverseas,soastotakeadvantageoflowercosts

6.__________Oforrelatingtoaneconomythatnolongerrelieson
heavyindustry
7.__________Incorporatedorunincorporatedenterprisescomprising
parententerprisesandtheirforeignaffiliates
8.__________Minimumradiusofamarketareaneededtogenerate
sufficientdemandtosupportthesupplyofagood

EnvironmentalGeography
A)NonrenewableResourcesB)GlobalWarming
C)SustainableDevelopmentD)KyotoProtocol
E)BiodiversityF)WaterPollution
G)IndustrialPollutionIssuesH)CarbonTrading
I)CarbonEmissionsJ)AlternativeEnergy
K)AirPollutionL)RenewableResources
M)AcidRain
1.__________Economicdevelopmentthatisconductedwithout
depletionofnaturalresources
2.__________Anyresource,suchaswoodorsolarenergy,thatcanor
willbereplenishednaturallyinthecourseoftime
3.__________Aresourceofeconomicvaluethatcannotbereadily

replacedbynaturalmeansonalevelequaltoitsconsumption
4.__________Anyformofpollutionthatcantraceitsimmediate
sourcetoindustrialpractices
5.__________Thepresenceinorintroductionintotheairofa
substancethathasharmfulorpoisonouseffects
6.__________Theadditionofharmfulchemicalstonaturalwater
7.__________Agradualincreaseintheoveralltemperatureofthe
earth'satmospheregenerallyattributedtothegreenhouseeffectcaused
byincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxide,chlorofluorocarbons,andother
pollutants
8.__________Rainfallmadesufficientlyacidicbyatmospheric
pollutionthatitcausesenvironmentalharm,typicallytoforestsand
lakes
9.__________Thevarietyoflifeintheworldorinaparticularhabitat
orecosystem
10.__________Energygeneratedinwaysthatdonotdepletenatural
resourcesorharmtheenvironment,especiallybyavoidingtheuseof
fossilfuelsandnuclearpower
11.__________AninternationalagreementlinkedtotheUnited
NationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange,whichcommitsits
Partiesbysettinginternationallybindingemissionreductiontargets
12.__________Carbondioxideandcarbonmonoxideinthe
atmosphere,producedbyvehiclesandindustrialprocesses
13.__________Anothertermforemissionstrading