confidence level

90%

95%

99%

z/2

1.645

1.96

2.575

STA 291, Section 001-006, Spring 2010, Prof. Zhou

Formulas for Exam 2
Sample size n necessary for margin of error B when estimating a population . . .
. . . mean: n = 2

 z 2

. . . proportion: n = p (1 p)

 z 2
B

Large sample confidence interval for the population proportion

p
p (1 p)

p z
;
assume
np > 10 and n(1 p) > 10
n
Confidence interval for the population mean, , when is . . .
t s
. . . unknown: X
n

z
. . . known: X
n

df = n 1

z-Score for an individual observation

z=

x=+z

Sample mean X
n
P

=
X

xi

i=1

x1 + x2 + + xn
n

Sample variance s2
n
P

s2 =

2
(xi X)

i=1

n1

2 + (x2 X)
2 + + (xn X)
2
(x1 X)
n1

Sample standard deviation s

s=

sample variance

If n observations are ordered in ascending order, median is the

Population mean
Population variance 2
Population standard deviation

n+1
2 th

observation.