Example:

Membrane dialysis

Concentration distribution study

Common process in effluent

treatment and food process
technology
Membrane selectivity and
transport properties are crucial
for the design of the process
Discontinuities in
concentration over the phase
boundaries introduce
difficulties in the modeling
procedure

Model representation of hollow fibre bundle

(-Dc + cv) = 0

(-Dc-) n = M(Kselc+-c-)
This condition (Donnan
equilibrium) gives the
desired discontinuity

Concentration distribution

Desired discontinuity
is achieved
Developing
boundary layer at
the inlet is visualized