UNIT 9

HE SEVENTEENTH CENTU
EUROPE AND SPAIN

THE SITUATION IN THE 17TH CENTURY

es,
Spanish monarchy lost its
i
r
t
n
u
o
A few c
da
e
p
dominant power to the
o
l
e
v
r, de
e
v
e
w
o
h
French
tary
n
e
m
a
i
l
par

system
There was a change from
a system of authoritarian
monarchy to one of
CHANGES
IN
absolute
monarchy
THE TRIUMPH OF THE
THE 17TH
CENTURY
MERCANTILE SYSTEM
OTHER
AND
CHANGES
THE GROWTH OF THE
MIDDLE CLASS
Methods of knowledge were promoted leading to
modern science
THIS METHODS WERE BASED ON
OBSERVATION AND REASON

In the arts the Renaissance was

followed by a new style

BAROQU
E
STYLE

THE INTERNATIONAL SITUATION

THE
THIRTY
It started as a result of
German
YEARS
conflict between its emperor,
WAR a

Years war. Spain was once

more defeated and signed the
Treaty of the Pyrenees .
This treaty marked the
end of the Spanish
Hegemony and the
beginning of the French
power
ing of
This fact led to the sign
ia
the Peace of Westfal
peror
(1648), in which the em
ous
agreed to tolerate religi
ve
freedom and Spain ga
nited
independence to the U
ces
Provin
The tierty yearswar

1635-1659
1635-1659

Catholic in favour of uniting the

remains of the Holy Roman
Empire, and the German
princes, who were Protestan
and wished to defend their
autonomy.

THE
FRANCOSPANISH
WARas part of the Thirty
It began

The conflict became

international when the Emperor
obtained support form Spain,
while the princes were
supported by France, England,
Denmark, Sweden and
Netherlands. Spain and the
"Thewere
Last Valley",
isdefeated
an intense drama,
Emperor
finally1618-1648
Caine and
Omar Sharif,
at the starring
battleMichael
of Rocroi
(1643).
set during war torn Thirty Years War era
set during war torn Thirty Years War era
Germany. (first part: 12)

The tierty yearswar

(5:20)

THE SITUATION OF THE SPANISH

MONARCHY
THERE WERE THREE KINGS THAT REIGNED DURING
THE 17TH CENTURY

THE MINOR
HABSBURGS
PHILIP III
15981621

PHILIP IV
16211665

These monarchs had very

weak personalities and under
them there was a progressive
political, demographic and
economic decline

CHARLES II
16651700

The Spanish monarchy, however,

continued to be a major international
power, because it had numerous
possessions in Europe and huge
colonial empire in America, as well as
some enclaves in Asia

SEVENTEENTH CENTURY TIMELINE

EUROPE AFTER THE THIRTY

YEARS WAR AND THE
TREATY OF WESTFALIA

FORMS OF
GOVERNMENT
PARLAMIENTARI
ANISM

ABSOLUTISM

During the 17th century English

Kings tried to impose and absolute
monarchy, but Parliaments power
was too strong. The confrontation
between them provoked two
THE
revolutions
THE

ENGLISH
CIVIL WAR

THIS RESULTED
ON THE
EXECUTION OF
KING CHARLES
I. IT WAS
REPLACED BY A
PROTECTORATE
GOVERNMENT

GLORIOUS
THE
REVOLUTIO
MONARCHY
N RESTORED
WAS
1688
1688

IN 1660 BUT
THEN A NEW
REVOLUTION
FORCED THE
ABDICATION OF
JAMES II AND
THE CROWNING
OF
WILLIAN
The new king signed
The
bill ofOF
ORANGE
rights that limited the power
of the

164216421651
1651

IN THIS FORM OF GOVERNMENT

THE KING ASSUMED ALL THE
POWER AND GOVERNED WITHOUT
CONSULTING THE TRADITIONAL
INSTITUTIONS OF THE STATE,
SUCH AS PARLIAMENT.
And they
To stablish this
The theory
also
control the king
of theadopted
centralised
divine
the
right that
administrati
was based
on:
on the idea
concentrati
that the
ng power
kings
and
power was
decisiongiven to
making
The
him
bybill of rights
from the
God. (4 )
Kings

kings and made them responsibles to

THEORISTS OF THE
FORMS OF
GOVERNMENT
ABSOLUTISM

JACQUES B.
BOUSSUET

PARLAMIENTARI
ANISM

JOHN
LOCKE

LOUIS XIV
THE SUN KING
LOUIS XIV OF FRANCE
(1638-1715) IS THE BEST
EXAMPLE OF AN
ABSOLUTE MONARCH. HE
WAS KNOWN AS THE
SUN KING AND
GOVERNED PERSONALLY
OVER FRANCE FROM HIS
COURT IN VERSAILLES.
HE CONTROLLED THE
LEGISLATIVE, EXECUTIVE
AND JUDICIAL POWER
HE BECAME THE MODEL
TO FOLLOW FOR ALL THE
EUROPEAN MONARCHS OF
TIME
Two THE
minutes
long
about versailles and
louis xiv


Absolute versus Shared
NE
I
SUPPORTIV
V
I
D
E
CONTR
DECREES PARTIAL
OLLIN
UNCOMPROMISIN
G
G
CONSENSU
LAW
CONDITION
S
AL
CONSIDERATI
AL
EQUA
LIT
ON
ED
T
I
M
Y
AGREED
NS
NLI
E
U
T
S
LI

Based on the division of words have students

describe an Absolute Monarchy and a
Parliamentary/Constitutional Monarchy
Absolute
Shared

CoinsDivine
FD Fidei DefensorEquality
Defender of the Faith
Controlling
Uncompromising
Partial
Unlimited

Supportive
Listens
Laws
Consensual
Conditional
Agreed
Consideration

EUROPEAN POPULATION AND SOCIETY

CLERGY
THIRD
STATE

NOT

AND POWER WHILE

FARMERS AND
ARTISANS REMAINED
IN POVERTY

NOBILITY

PRIVILEG
ED

THEY TRIED TO
PLEASE THE KING
AND WERE
AFFECTED BY THE
THEY WERE
AGRARIAN
CRISIS
AFFECTED BY THE
PROTESTANT
REFORMATION
EXCEPT IN
CATHOLIC
THE MIDDLE CLASS
COUNTRIES
GREW IN NUMBER

PRIVILEG
ED
GROUPS

EUROPES
POPULATION GREW
VERY SLOWLY IN THE
17TH CENTURY (106
TO ONLY 130)
CAUSES:
INTERMINABLE WARS
BAD HARVESTS
FREQUENT PLAGUE
EPIDEMICS

EUROPAN ECONOMY IN THE 17TH CENTURY

IT FOLLOWED THE PRINCIPLES OF MERCANTILISM.
ACCORDING TO THIS THEORY THE WEALTH OF A
COUNTRY IS MEASURED BY THE AMOUNT BY THE
AMOUNT OF PRECIOUS METALS IT POSSESSES. TO
INCREASE THIS AMOUNT THE STATE SHOULD
DIRECTLY INTERVENE IN THE ECONOMY AND LOOK
FOR NEW MARKETS
STATE INTERVENTION
TOOK SEVERAL
FORMS
ENCOURAGI
NG
EXTERNAL
TRADE
FORBIDDING
THE EXPORT
OF RAW
MATERIALS

PROMOTING

NATIONAL
PRODUCTS
IMPOSING
TAXES ON
FOREING
IMPORTS

NEW MARKETS COULD

BE FOUND BY
OCCUPYING NEW
TERRITORIES
WHERE EUROPEAN
COUNTRIES FOUND THE
RAW MATERIALS AND THEN
THE COLONIES BOUGHT
THE MANUFACTURED
PRODUCTS COLONIAL
AGREEMENT

EUROPAN ECONOMY IN THE 17TH CENTURY

THESE WERE
PRIVILEGED
COMPANIES
THAT HAD
MONOPOLIES
EXCLUSIVE
WERE ALSO
RIGHT TO
CREATED
TRADE IN ONE
PRODUCT OR IN
ONE
GEOGRAPHICAL
AREA
PRIMARILY ENGLAND, THE DUTCH REPUBLIC AND
FRANCE ADOPTED

MERCANTILISM

EUROPEAN ECONOMY IN THE 17TH

CENTURY

EUROPAN ECONOMY IN THE 17TH CENTURY

THESE WERE
PRIVILEGED
COMPANIES
THAT HAD
MONOPOLIES
EXCLUSIVE
WERE ALSO
RIGHT TO
CREATED
TRADE IN ONE
PRODUCT OR IN
ONE
GEOGRAPHICAL
AREA
PRIMARILY ENGLAND, THE DUTCH REPUBLIC AND
FRANCE ADOPTED

MERCANTILISM

Understanding a Paradigm
Shift
What is this?

Understanding a Paradigm
Shift

see a bird.

What is this?
What else is this?
What had to happen to
shift your perspective?

I see a rabbit!

Paradigm Shift
from The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) by Thomas
Kuhn

Paradigm = Greek word

for pattern
Normal Science = the
standard paradigm
Anomalies = things that
cannot be explained by
normal science
Paradigm Shift = a new
paradigm is created to
account for anomalies

The Joke About The Three

Monks

The Joke About The Three

Monks

Why are we, human beings, sometimes

so threatened by paradigm shifts?

THE SITUATION OF THE SPANISH

MONARCHY
THERE WERE THREE KINGS THAT REIGNED DURING
THE 17TH CENTURY

THE MINOR
HABSBURGS
PHILIP III
15981621

PHILIP IV
16211665

These monarchs had very

weak personalities and under
them there was a progressive
political, demographic and
economic decline

CHARLES II
16651700

The Spanish monarchy, however,

continued to be a major international
power, because it had numerous
possessions in Europe and huge
colonial empire in America, as well as
some enclaves in Asia