PATHOPHYSIOLOGY of NEPHROLITHIASIS

AGENT HOST ENVIRONMENT

- Excessive Intake of Ca (milk) / Hypercalcemia
- Male - Family history of renal disease

- Low intake of H2O

May produce excess amounts of mucoprotein in the bladder or

Supersaturation of urine with increased calcium

Low urinary flow

Allowing crystallites to be deposited and trapped forming calculi or stones

Urine (upon voiding) moves tiny stones to the ureter

Large stones Tiny stones

Blocks the ureter

Causes spasm
Makes urine’s turbidity cloudy

Becomes nidus for bacteriaLow urine output or dysuria

Injures the wall of the ureter

Painful urination
Blood
or dysuria
or RBCs combine with urine or hematuria
Urinary Tract Infection

↓ Hgb count
Causes ↑ WBC count